Download or read book The Genetic Architecture of Reproductive Differences in Workers of Africanized and European Honey Bees Apis Mellifera written by Allie Marie Graham and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Western Honeybee (Apis mellifera) displays a special form of social behavior called eusociality. The evolution of its reproductively specialized castes and social behavior from a solitary ancestor may be explained by the reproductive ground plan hypothesis. This hypothesis predicts a relationship between the variation of ovary size and -activity and social behavior. At the phenotypic level, ovary size has been associated with a whole set of behavioral phenotypes, known as the pollen hoarding syndrome. While many of these phenotypes are potentially influenced by regulatory pathways, involving juvenile hormone and vitellogenin, the exact genetic links between ovary size determination and social behavior are still unknown. To test the generality of the hypothesized genetic linkage between reproductive and social behavior, I investigated the genetic architecture of ovary size differences between Africanized and European honey bees. Two backcrosses of a hybrid queen and Africanized drones that resulted in transgressive worker ovary phenotypes were studied for pleiotropic effects of existing behavioral QTL and potential new QTL with a combination of SNP and microsatellite markers. Analyses show small but significant effects on ovary size for some of the behavioral QTL, as predicted by the reproductive ground plan hypothesis. In addition, I detected two new QTL of major effect on ovary size. I describe potential candidate genes for the QTL and suggest that the detected major and minor effects could reflect genetic control of caste divergence and worker division of labor, respectively, representing two distinct stages of honey bee social evolution that may be connected via female reproductive physiology."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Download or read book Genetic and Hormonal Regulation of Worker Behavioral Development in Honey Bees written by Tugrul Giray and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The african Honey Bee written by Marla Spivak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first review of the scientific literature on the Africanized honey bee. The African subspecies Apis mellifera scutellata (formerly adansonii) was introduced into South America in 1956 with the intent of cross-breeding it with other subspecies of bees already present in Brazil to obtain a honey bee better adapted to tropical conditions. Shortly after its introduction, some of the African stock became established in the feral population around Sao Paulo, Brazil, and spread rapidly through Brazil. It has since migrated through most of the neotropics, displacing and/or hybridizing with the previously imported subspecies of honey bees. Africanized bees have been stereotype d as having high rates of swarming and absconding, rapid colony growth, and fierce defensivebehavior. As they have spread through the neotropics they have interacted with the human population, disrupting apiculture and urban activities when high levels of defensive behavior are expressed.

Download or read book Bee Genetics and Breeding written by Thomas E. Rinderer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bee Genetics and Breeding provides an overview of the state of knowledge in bee genetics and breeding. The book is organized into two parts. Part I deals with the scholarly issues of bee genetics. It is intended as a reference source for students of both bees and genetics. It could also serve as a text for university courses in bee genetics. Topics discussed include the evolution of eusocial insects; geographical variability and classification of honey bees; and behavioral and biochemical genetics of honey bees. Part II deals more specifically with the practical issues of bee breeding. The discussions include the quantitative genetics of honey bees; ways to define and measure honey-bee characteristics so that the "best" parents for honey-bee stock improvement programs can be selected; and mating designs. This section contains sufficient guidance for bee breeders to initiate or improve breeding programs. Apiculturalists generally will find this part especially interesting since the quality of their own bee stock depends on the skills and knowledge of the breeders who produce their queens.

Download or read book Worker Responses To and Queen Production Of Honeybee apis Mellifera L Queen Mandibular Pheromone written by Tanya Pankiw and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1995 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic and Genotypic Components of Foraging and Defensive Behavior in Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L Colonies written by Ernesto Guzman-Novoa and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Killer Bees written by Mark L. Winston and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: es have acquired a reputation among the general public that's straight out of a sci-fi movie. Here Winston seeks to restore balance to this picture by examining the biology of the Africanized honey bee and tracing its predicted impact on North American agriculture and beekeeping.

Download or read book Genetic Structure of Feral Honey Bee apis Mellifera L Populations in California written by David Irven Nielsen and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Group Benefit Nepotism and Intragenomic Conflict written by Claire Louisa Narraway and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no doubt that selection acts at the individual level but, there is heated debate over the relative importance of higher and lower levels of selection. Kin selection is the dominant paradigm explaining the evolution of cooperation. Whereby, individually detrimental traits can be selectively favored if they increase the fitness of genetic relatives. Kin selection operates at the individual level, biasing cooperation towards those sharing the most genes. However, kin selection may also act at the group level when efficiently functioning groups are more productive than dysfunctional ones, provided group success correlates to kin structure. Finally, kin selection can occur at the genome level within individuals, where paternally and maternally-inherited genes may favor different behaviors and actions. The imprinting of genes to parent-of-origin could also have important ramifications for social evolution. Here, I exploit the conflict over male production in honey bees to examine how these three levels of selection operate. Honey bee workers could 'police' eggs laid by other workers either to maintain colony-level productivity, favor more closely related individuals or as a result of intragenomic conflict (i.e. the paternal genome favors laying, the maternal one favors policing). Firstly, I found that although African workers lay eggs more rapidly than European workers, there is no difference in their times to ovary activation. Significant effects of both the juvenile and adult social environment on ovary activation, suggest that environment has a larger effect on the propensity to activate ovaries rather than subspecies. Secondly, I mathematically simulated a typical eusocial colony where I varied the number of mates per queen, viability of worker-laid males, colony efficiency costs of reduced worker helping, and whether or not intragenomic conflict could be expressed. Genome level selection dominated over both individual and group levels, and group level selection was more significant than the individual level in determining when queens dominate male production. Thirdly, individual level selection predicts policing late into larval development whilst benefits accrued through colony efficiency predicts workers should stop policing viable larvae soon after hatching. To this end I reared queen and worker laid male larvae in a queenless colony and transferred male larvae, from both sources, of differing ages, into a queenright colony. Post transferal (4 and 24 h), I found that workers equally removed larvae regardless of age or maternal source. With the observed high efficiency of policing eggs, these results suggest no mechanism has evolved to police larvae. Alternatively, drones may have a higher level acceptance threshold than female larvae, due to the possibility that they are laid by workers. Finally, I examined genome level selection by crossing African and European honey bees and then placing the emerging worker offspring into a queenless colony. I observed behavior from day 8 to 28 and collected marked workers on day 16 and 28. I predicted that parent-of-origin effects would occur, but instead found workers of both crosses have higher levels of ovarial development than their purebred counterparts. This suggests an imprinting mismatch such that only the paternal imprint is expressed. Together these results indicate that selection is acting at levels besides that of the individual. Continued research is needed to understand how selection, interacting over multiple levels, impacts behavior, across the animal kingdom.

Download or read book Evidence for Genetic Differences in the Africanized Honey Bee Populations of South and North America written by Fatimah S. Alhamlan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Honeybees of Africa written by H. Randall Hepburn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of the honeybees of Africa on a subspecies as well as by country basis. Includes an updated multivariate analysis of the subspecies based on the merger of the Ruttner database (Oberursel) and that of Hepburn & Radloff (Grahamstown) for nearly 20,000 bees. Special emphasis is placed on natural zones of hybridisation and introgression of different populations; seasonal cycles of development in different ecological-climatological zones of the continent; swarming, migration and absconding; and an analysis of the bee flora of the continent. The text is supplemented by tables containing quantitative data on all aspects of honeybee biology, and by continental and regional maps.

Download or read book Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees written by Friedrich Ruttner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honeybees are as small as flies or as large as hornets, nesting in nar row cavities of trees and rocks or in the open on large limbs of trees 30 m above ground. They occur in tropical zones and in the forests of the Ural mountains, they survive seven months of winter and even longer periods of drought and heat. Historically, they lived through a extended time of stagnation in the tropics from the mid-Tertiary, but then experienced an explosive evolution during the Pleistocene, re sulting in the conquest of huge new territories and the origin of two dozen subspecies in Apis mellifera. This vast geographic and ecologic diversification of the genus Apis was accompanied by a rich morphological variation, less on the level of species than at the lowest rank, the subspecies level. Variation being exclusively of a quantitative kind at this first step of speciation, tradi tional descriptive methods of systematics proved to be unsatisfactory, and honeybee taxonomy finally ended up in a confusing multitude of inadequately described units. Effective methods of morphometric-sta tistical analysis of honeybee popUlations, centered on limited areas, have been developed during the last decades. Only the numerical characterization of the populations, together with the description of behavior, shows the true geographic variability and will end current generalizations and convenient stereotypes.

Download or read book Temporal Genetic Structure of Feral Honey Bees Hymenoptera Apidae in a Coastal Prairie Habitat of Southern Texas written by Maria Alice da Silva Pinto and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Africanized Honey Bees and Bee Mites written by Glen R. Needham and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hormonal Regulation of Division of Labor in Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L Colonies written by Gene Ezia Robinson and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Worker Reproduction in the Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L written by Shelley Hoover and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reproductive division of labour is a defining characteristic of eusocial insects. In honey bees, there is normally a single, highly fecund queen, responsible for producing all the brood in the colony. Workers are functionally sterile, developing their latent ovaries only upon queen loss. Workers cannot mate, and are only capable of laying unfertilised, male eggs. I investigated the effects of various chemical, genetic, and nutritional factors on the ovary development of honey bee workers. I demonstrate that queen mandibular pheromone inhibits worker ovary development in caged queenless workers to the same degree as queen extracts. Four newly identified queen pheromone components did not inhibit ovary development alone, nor did they increase the efficacy of the other components. Anarchistic bees are a line developed by recurrent selection in which workers commonly reproduce in queenright colonies. There was no difference between the ovary development of anarchistic or wild type workers in colonies headed by anarchistic or wild type queens, therefore queen type is not responsible for the phenomenon. Anarchistic workers perceive queen pheromones, and anarchistic queens produce an attractive blend, as I found no differences in the retinue response of either worker type to either queen type. There also was no difference in response to queen pheromones at a high dose. At lower doses, however, wild type workers were more inhibited by queen pheromones than were anarchistic workers. Both adult and larval diet influenced adult ovary development, but workers fed high quality diets as adults had higher levels of ovary development than those fed low quality diets as adults regardless of larval diet quality. Nutrition is likely responsible for the seasonal variation observed in ovary development. Disruptive selection resulted in lines of bees with high or low levels of ovary development. High ovary development colonies collected far more pollen than their low line counterparts. Cross-fostering workers from the high line into the low line and vice versa demonstrated that there is an effect of both genotype and rearing environment. These results demonstrate the complex interactions between nutrition, pheromones, genetics, and environment that determine worker reproductive potential.

Download or read book Relationships Between Brain Biogenic Amines and Reproductive and Defense Behavior in Honey Bees apis Mellifers L written by Jeffrey Wayne Harris and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: