Download or read book The General Code of the City of Birmingham Alabama written by Birmingham (Ala.). and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Most Segregated City in America written by Charles E. Connerly and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of Planetizen’s Top Ten Books of 2006 "But for Birmingham," Fred Shuttleworth recalled President John F. Kennedy saying in June 1963 when he invited black leaders to meet with him, "we would not be here today." Birmingham is well known for its civil rights history, particularly for the violent white-on-black bombings that occurred there in the 1960s, resulting in the city’s nickname "Bombingham." What is less well known about Birmingham’s racial history, however, is the extent to which early city planning decisions influenced and prompted the city’s civil rights protests. The first book-length work to analyze this connection, "The Most Segregated City in America": City Planning and Civil Rights in Birmingham, 1920–1980 uncovers the impact of Birmingham’s urban planning decisions on its black communities and reveals how these decisions led directly to the civil rights movement. Spanning over sixty years, Charles E. Connerly’s study begins in the 1920s, when Birmingham used urban planning as an excuse to implement racial zoning laws, pointedly sidestepping the 1917 U.S. Supreme Court Buchanan v. Warley decision that had struck down racial zoning. The result of this obstruction was the South’s longest-standing racial zoning law, which lasted from 1926 to 1951, when it was redeclared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court. Despite the fact that African Americans constituted at least 38 percent of Birmingham’s residents, they faced drastic limitations to their freedom to choose where to live. When in the1940s they rebelled by attempting to purchase homes in off-limit areas, their efforts were labeled as a challenge to city planning, resulting in government and court interventions that became violent. More than fifty bombings ensued between 1947 and 1966, becoming nationally publicized only in 1963, when four black girls were killed in the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. Connerly effectively uses Birmingham’s history as an example to argue the importance of recognizing the link that exists between city planning and civil rights. His demonstration of how Birmingham’s race-based planning legacy led to the confrontations that culminated in the city’s struggle for civil rights provides a fresh lens on the history and future of urban planning, and its relation to race.
Download or read book Hammer and Hoe written by Robin D. G. Kelley and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2015-08-03 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking contribution to the history of the "long Civil Rights movement," Hammer and Hoe tells the story of how, during the 1930s and 40s, Communists took on Alabama's repressive, racist police state to fight for economic justice, civil and political rights, and racial equality. The Alabama Communist Party was made up of working people without a Euro-American radical political tradition: devoutly religious and semiliterate black laborers and sharecroppers, and a handful of whites, including unemployed industrial workers, housewives, youth, and renegade liberals. In this book, Robin D. G. Kelley reveals how the experiences and identities of these people from Alabama's farms, factories, mines, kitchens, and city streets shaped the Party's tactics and unique political culture. The result was a remarkably resilient movement forged in a racist world that had little tolerance for radicals. After discussing the book's origins and impact in a new preface written for this twenty-fifth-anniversary edition, Kelley reflects on what a militantly antiracist, radical movement in the heart of Dixie might teach contemporary social movements confronting rampant inequality, police violence, mass incarceration, and neoliberalism.
Download or read book Catalog of Government Publications in the Research Libraries written by New York Public Library. Economic and Public Affairs Division and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book America s Johannesburg written by Bobby M. Wilson and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Originally published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, an imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc ... Copyright à 2000"--Title page verso.
Download or read book Slavery Freedom and Conflict written by Jane L. Bownas and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Story of Two Birminghams examines the roles played by two cities and the areas in which they are situated in the long history of people of African origin and their ancestors who were taken into slavery, experienced a phoney freedom and subsequently experienced racism, segregation and violence. From the eighteenth century the industrial city of Birmingham in England was involved in the manufacture of guns used in the African slave trade and then later, in the production and export of the steam engines used on the sugar plantations in the West Indies. In northern Alabama, on land where another industrial city of the same name would later develop, African slaves worked on cotton plantations owned by planters who would later make their fortunes by selling the mineral rich land. Abolitionists in Birmingham UK, and in the Southern States fought against much opposition to achieve freedom for the slaves. But this was often a phoney freedom: for example, under an apprenticeship system in Jamaica people endured conditions often worse than under slavery, and in Alabama they endured hard labour in the development of the new industrial city and under the Convict Lease system. Slavery, Freedom and Conflict follows the life path of descendants of slaves into the twentieth century, the difficulties experienced by West Indian immigrants in Birmingham UK, the segregation laws imposed in Birmingham, Alabama and the US Civil Rights movement which followed. Later in the century, riots occurring in Handsworth (Birmingham UK), the election of a far-right, racist politician in nearby Smethwick and the infamous speech of Enoch Powell indicated that, as in Birmingham, Alabama many black people were still suffering from the iniquities of the slave trade inflicted upon their ancestors more than two hundred years previously. This book is essential reading for all those with an interest in the history of slavery, and in the local history of the West Midlands of England and the Northern counties of Alabama.
Download or read book Dictionary Catalog of the Research Libraries of the New York Public Library 1911 1971 written by New York Public Library. Research Libraries and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Records and Briefs of the United States Supreme Court written by and published by . This book was released on 1832 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Southern Historian written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Staging the People written by Elizabeth A. Osborne and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-06-20 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Federal Theatre Project, a New Deal plan to fund theatre and other live artistic performances during the Great Depression, had the primary goal of employing out-of-work artists, writers, and directors, with the secondary aim of entertaining poor families and creating relevant art. These case studies explore the ties between the Federal Theatre Project and regional communities throughout the United States.
Download or read book Like Wildfire written by Sean Patrick O'Rourke and published by Univ of South Carolina Press. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sit-ins of the American civil rights movement were extraordinary acts of dissent in an age marked by protest. By sitting in at "whites only" lunch counters, libraries, beaches, swimming pools, skating rinks, and churches, young African Americans and their allies put their lives on the line, fully aware that their actions would almost inevitably incite hateful, violent responses from entrenched and increasingly desperate white segregationists. And yet they did so in great numbers: most estimates suggest that in 1960 alone more than seventy thousand young people participated in sit-ins across the American South and more than three thousand were arrested. The simplicity and purity of the act of sitting in, coupled with the dignity and grace exhibited by participants, lent to the sit-in movement's sanctity and peaceful power. In Like Wildfire, editors Sean Patrick O'Rourke and Lesli K. Pace seek to clarify and analyze the power of civil rights sit-ins as rhetorical acts—persuasive campaigns designed to alter perceptions of apartheid social structures and to change the attitudes, laws, and policies that supported those structures. These cohesive essays from leading scholars offer a new appraisal of the origins, growth, and legacy of the sit-ins, which has gone largely ignored in scholarly literature. The authors examine different forms of sitting-in and the evolution of the rhetorical dynamics of sit-in protests, detailing the organizational strategies they employed and connecting them to later protests. By focusing on the persuasive power of demanding space, the contributors articulate the ways in which the protestors' battle for basic civil rights shaped social practices, laws, and the national dialogue. O'Rourke and Pace maintain that the legacies of the civil rights sit-ins have been many, complicated, and at times undervalued.
Download or read book Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Alabama written by Alabama. Supreme Court and published by . This book was released on 1943 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Learning from Birmingham written by Julie Buckner Armstrong and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2023-05-22 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " 'As Birmingham goes, so goes the nation,' Fred Shuttlesworth observed when he invited Martin Luther King Jr. to the city for the transformative protests of 1963. From the height of the civil rights movement through its long aftermath, the images of police dogs and fire hoses turned against protestors, and the four girls murdered when Ku Klux Klan members bombed the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, made the city an uncomfortable racial mirror for the nation. But like many white people who came of age in the civil rights movement's wake, Julie Buckner Armstrong knew little about her hometown's history growing up with her single, working class mother in 1960s and 70s. It was only after moving away and discovering writers like Toni Morrison and Alice Walker that she began to realize that her hometown and her family were part of a larger story of racial injustice and struggle. In recent years, however, Birmingham has rebranded itself as a vibrant, diverse destination for civil rights heritage tourism. Former sites of violence have been transformed into a large moving National Park Service memorial complex that includes a museum, public art, churches, and multiple walking tours. But beyond the tourist map, one can see in Birmingham--just like Anytown, USA--a new Jim Crow reemerging in the place where the old one supposedly died. Returning home decades later to care for her aging mother, Shuttlesworth's admonition rang in her mind. By then an accomplished scholar and civil rights educator, Armstrong found herself pondering the lessons Birmingham has for America in the twenty-first century, where a 2014 Teaching Tolerance report characterized a common understanding of the civil rights movement in "two names and four words: Martin Luther King Jr, Rosa Parks, and 'I have a dream.'" Seeking to better understand her hometown's complicated history, its connection to other stories of oppression and resistance, and her own place in relation to it, Armstrong embarked on a journey to unravel the standard Birmingham narrative to see what she would find instead. Beginning at the center, with her family's arrival in 1947 in a neighborhood near the color line, within earshot of what would become known as Dynamite Hill, Armstrong works her way out in time and across the map. Pulling at strings and weaving in the personal stories of her white working-class family, classmates, and other local characters not traditionally associated with Birmingham's civil rights history, she expands the cast and forges connections between the stories that have been told about Birmingham as well as those that haven't. From a "funny" cousin whose closeted community was also targeted by Bull Conner's police force to an aunt who served on the jury that finally convicted Robert Chambliss of murdering Denise McNair, Armstrong combines intimate personal stories, archival research, and cultural geography to reframe the lessons of Birmingham through the intersections of race, class, gender, faith, education, culture, place, and mobility. The result is more than a pageant of Birmingham and its people; it's also a portrait of Birmingham rendered on the ground over time--as seen in old plantations, in segregated neighborhoods, across contested boundary lines, over mountains, along increasingly polluted waterways, under the gaze of Vulcan, beneath airport runways, on the highways cutting through and running out of town. In her search for truth and beauty in the veins of Birmingham, Armstrong draws on the powers of place and storytelling to dig into the cracks, complicating the easy narrative of Black triumph and overcoming. Among other discoveries found in the mirror, Armstrong finds a white America that, for too long, has failed to recognize itself in the horrific stories and symbols from Birmingham's past or accept the continuing inequalities from which it unfairly benefits. A literary scholar, Armstrong observes that "many of the best writings on civil rights and race relations describe racism as a wound, a poison, or a sickness--without offering easy prescriptions." Citing James Baldwin, Armstrong knows stories have the power to touch the human heart but warns that resistance to injustice only begins there. Once engaged, it is up to each of us to look again and consider what our stories really reveal about the world and ourselves. In "Learning From Birmingham," Armstrong reminds us that the stories of civil rights, structural oppression, privilege (whether intentional or unconscious), abuse, and inequity are difficult and complicated, but that their telling, especially from multiple stakeholder perspectives, is absolutely necessary"--
Download or read book Dance Marathons written by Carol J. Martin and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This penetrating analysis of one of the most extraordinary fads ever to strike America details how dance marathons manifested a potent from of drama. Between the two world wars they were a phenomenon in which working-class people engaged in emblematic struggles for survival. Battling to outlast other contestants, the dancers hoped to become notable. There was crippling exhaustion and anguish among the contenders, but ultimately it was the coupling of authentic pain with staged displays that made dance marathons a national craze. Within the well-controlled space of theatre they revealed actual life's unpredictability and inconsistencies, and, indeed, the frightful aspects of social Darwinism. In this grotesque theatrical setting we see also a horrifying metaphor - the ailing nation grappling with difficult times.
Download or read book Furniture Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1936 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Southern Reporter written by and published by . This book was released on 1938 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes the decisions of the Supreme Courts of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi, the Appellate Courts of Alabama and, Sept. 1928/Jan. 1929-Jan./Mar. 1941, the Courts of Appeal of Louisiana.
Download or read book Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency 1930 1970 written by Doug McAdam and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this classic work of sociology, Doug McAdam presents a political-process model that explains the rise and decline of the black protest movement in the United States. Moving from theoretical concerns to empirical analysis, he focuses on the crucial role of three institutions that foster protest: black churches, black colleges, and Southern chapters of the NAACP. He concludes that political opportunities, a heightened sense of political efficacy, and the development of these three institutions played a central role in shaping the civil rights movement. In his new introduction, McAdam revisits the civil rights struggle in light of recent scholarship on social movement origins and collective action. "[A] first-rate analytical demonstration that the civil rights movement was the culmination of a long process of building institutions in the black community."--Raymond Wolters, Journal of American History "A fresh, rich, and dynamic model to explain the rise and decline of the black insurgency movement in the United States."--James W. Lamare, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
