Download or read book The Gender Gap In Global Patenting written by Marco Alemán and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the participation of women inventors in international patent applications from 1999 to 2020 and reveals that women were involved in the inventions behind only 23 percent of all applications, while men were involved in 96 percent. Consequently, women represent only 13 percent of all inventors listed in these filings, with an estimated contribution equivalent to only 10 percent of all PCT applications. Although women's participation in patenting has increased over time, achieving gender parity will require considerable effort. Based on current trends, if the inclusion conditions of the past five years persist, women may reach the 50 percent target for inventors around the year 2061. Women's participation in patenting varies considerably across world regions, sectors, and industries. Women inventors are predominantly concentrated in specific industries, such as biotechnology, food chemistry, and pharmaceuticals, whereas fields related to mechanical engineering have far fewer women inventors. Women inventors are more prevalent in academia (21 percent) than in the private sector (14 percent), but patent applications originating from academia represent only a small share of the total. Although the technological specialization of countries significantly alters the ranking for a few of them, for most countries, their technological specialization is not the primary factor in the gender gap in patents. The report also notes that women typically work in mostly-male teams and are more likely to work alone than in teams of women, including all-women teams or teams where they are the numerical majority. The decline in the proportion of patents from lone male inventors explains much of the positive trend in global inclusion over the last two decades. The report concludes that although women's participation in patenting is increasing, greater efforts are necessary to address the underrepresentation of women in innovation and patenting.
Download or read book The Global Gender Gap in Innovation and Creativity written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2023-03-09 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report analyzes women’s participation in international patent applications between 1999 and 2020 and finds that women are involved in only 23% of all applications, representing 13% of all inventors listed. Women’s participation in patenting varies across regions, sectors, and industries, with higher representation in biotechnology, food chemistry, and pharmaceuticals, and lower in mechanical engineering. Women inventors are more prevalent in academia than in the private sector, and typically work in mostly-male teams or alone. Achieving gender parity will require significant effort, with an estimated target year of 2061 based on current trends.
Download or read book Identifying the gender of PCT inventors written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2016 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the gender of inventors in international patent applications. We compile a worldwide gender-name dictionary, which includes 6.2 million names for 182 different countries to disambiguate the gender of PCT inventors. Our results suggest that there is a gender imbalance in PCT applications, but the proportion of women inventors is improving over time. We also find that the rates of women participation differ substantially across countries, technological fields and sectors.
Download or read book Closing Innovation and Intellectual Property Diversity Gaps written by Carpentier, Élodie and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2024-06-20 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation is a driver of competitive advantage and economic growth, with patent rights playing a critical supporting role. However, differential access to patent rights and relatively less participation in innovation can affect women and people from other historically underrepresented groups, thereby hindering progress and limiting the potential economic benefits generated by innovation. This paper reviews the global literature on these “diversity gaps”, identifies their key drivers, and documents international policies and initiatives that show promise in addressing them. Building upon Shapanka and Fechner (2018), it expands the geographic scope and reinforces the scientific basis of their analysis. The paper also provides recommendations for a wide range of stakeholders and offers insights for fostering more inclusive and equitable innovation ecosystems.
Download or read book Patent Law and Women written by Jessica C. Lai and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the gendered nature of patent law and the knowledge governance system it supports. The vast majority of patented inventions are attributed to male inventors. While this has resulted in arguments that there are not enough women working in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, this book maintains that the issue lies with the very nature of patent law and how it governs knowledge. The reason why fewer women patent than men is that patent law and the knowledge governance system it supports are gendered. This book deconstructs patent law to reveal the multiple gendered binaries it embodies, and how these in turn reflect gendered understandings of what constitutes science and an invention, and a scientist and an inventor. Revealing the inherent biases of the patent system, as well as its reliance on an idea of the public domain, the book argues that an egalitarian knowledge governance system must go beyond socialised binaries to better govern knowledge creation, dissemination and maintenance. This book will appeal to scholars and policymakers in the field of patent law, as well as those in law and other disciplines with interests in law, gender and technology.
Download or read book The Gender Gap in Patents written by Susan Stewart Stute and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steering women toward educational paths and careers in fields of invention would seem, in theory, to be the obvious solution to closing the gap between the number of men and women filing for and being granted invention patents. Billions of dollars have been invested at the federal, state, and local levels to spur interest and competency in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning, but gender disparity in innovation workplaces persists. Studies indicate that, in addition to the educational barriers that can be and have been addressed legislatively, social and cultural influences affect outcomes for career women, as well as young women considering STEM degree programs. Evidence suggests that as more male students are drawn to STEM fields as a result of these same educational initiatives, the inventive patent ownership gender gap will widen. By considering the historical treatment of women with regard to intellect, employment, and property ownership, an enormity of scope emerges that, in turn, creates questions about the efficacy of current suggested strategies to narrow the gap.
Download or read book Technology Commercialization and Gender written by Pooran Wynarczyk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the gender dimension in technology commercialization through a collection of papers by internationally renowned scholars in the USA, Mexico and Europe. Technology, Commercialization and Gender looks at various gender imbalances in this key innovation area and demonstrates that the construction of gendered identities within male-dominated work environments such as technology commercialization is a complex and lengthy process, often faced with institutional culture obstacles. More gender awareness and openness along all stages of the innovation chain, as well as more research and policy interventions are needed to ensure better use of highly-skilled human capital in knowledge-based economies around the globe.
Download or read book Gender Differences in Patenting in the Academic Life Sciences written by Waverly W. Ding and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze longitudinal data on academic careers and conduct interviews with faculty members to determine the scope and causes of the gender gap in patenting among life scientists over a 30-year period show that women faculty members patent at about 40 percent of the rate of men. We find that the gender gap has been improving over time, although it remains large.
Download or read book Closing the Gender Gap in Patenting written by Nicholas A. Pairolero and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women are underrepresented in patenting and the gap is not closing quickly. One major roadblock to progress is a dearth of causal evidence on the potential effectiveness of policies to reduce the gender gap in patenting. Analyzing a randomized control trial at the United States Patent and Trademark Office that was designed to provide additional help to applicants who do not have legal representation, we find heterogeneous causal impacts across gender and technologies on the probability of obtaining patent rights. While both men and women applicants benefited, the probability of obtaining a patent was about 11 percentage points greater for women, and the effects were largest for U.S. inventors, new U.S. inventors, and in technology areas where women had the worst relative outcomes. Our results suggest that a portion of the gender gap in patenting could be eliminated through additional assistance during patent examination.
Download or read book World Intellectual Property Indicators 2016 written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2016-11-23 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive picture of IP activity around the world based on statistics from national and regional IP offices, WIPO and the World Bank. Covers filing, registration and renewals data for patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms and plant variety protection. Also includes an analysis of participation by women inventors in international patenting.
Download or read book Brand Gender written by Theo Lieven and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores ways to drive and increase a brand’s most important property, its equity. Focussing on gender, the author analyses the impact of assigning personalities and characteristics to products and how this can affect the management of brands on a global scale. Using detailed examples, the author argues that brands with low masculine and feminine characteristics have the lowest equity, whilst brands with both high feminine and masculine characteristics are shown to have the strongest equity. Including notions of androgyny in brands, this significant study reveals the different factors which can affect a brand being perceived as either masculine or feminine. Aiming to develop a comprehensive theory and provide practitioners with a guide to increasing the equity of their brands, this controversial and pioneering book lays the foundation for creating a global brand personality model.
Download or read book Equality for Women and Men written by European Commission. Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities. Unit G.1 and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Contains all the Community legislative acts relating to gender equality, as well as other Community acts ... including recommendations, resolutions, communications, conclusions and other texts"-Foreword.
Download or read book The Battle Over Patents written by Stephen H. Haber and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essay is the introduction to a book of the same title, forthcoming in summer of 2021 from Oxford University Press. The purpose is to document the ways in which patent systems are products of battles over the economic surplus from innovation. The features of these systems take shape as interests at different points in the production chain seek advantage in any way they can, and consequently, they are riven with imperfections. The interesting historical question is why US-style patent systems with all their imperfections have come to dominate other methods of encouraging inventive activity. The essays in the book suggest that the creation of a tradable but temporary property right facilitates the transfer of technological knowledge and thus fosters a highly productive decentralized ecology of inventors and firms.
Download or read book WIPO Guide to Using Patent Information written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2018-04-30 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Guide aims to assist users in searching for technology information using patent documents, a rich source of technical, legal and business information presented in a generally standardized format and often not reproduced anywhere else. Though the Guide focuses on patent information, many of the search techniques described here can also be applied in searching other non-patent sources of technology information.
Download or read book Little Miss Inventor written by Roger Hargreaves and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meet Little Miss Inventor, an ingenious new Little Miss character full of bright ideas! Little Miss Inventor is constantly inventing new things--her super-speedy reader page turner helps read books faster, and her back-pack-snack-attack fridge was a perfect match for her friend Mr. Greedy. But her greatest challenge yet has her stumped--what on earth could she invent for Mr. Rude?! Children will love learning about the newest Little Miss character and following her exciting adventures in this special, harcover title.
Download or read book World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020 written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative report analyzes IP activity around the globe. Drawing on 2019 filing, registration and renewals statistics from national and regional IP offices and WIPO, it covers patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection and geographical indications. The report also draws on survey data and industry sources to give a picture of activity in the publishing industry.
Download or read book Global Biopiracy written by Ikechi Mgbeoji and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legal control and ownership of plants and traditional knowledge of the uses of plants (TKUP) is a vexing issue. The phenomenon of appropriation of plants and TKUP, otherwise known as biopiracy, thrives in a cultural milieu where non-Western forms of knowledge are systemically marginalized and devalued as "folk knowledge" or characterized as inferior. Global Biopiracy rethinks the role of international law and legal concepts, the Western-based, Eurocentric patent systems of the world, and international agricultural research institutions as they affect legal ownership and control of plants and TKUP.
