Download or read book Janeway s Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.

Download or read book The Functions of B 1 Cells in Health and Disease written by Hannah Pritikin Savage and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B-1 cells are a small subset of B lymphocytes that contribute to both the maintenance of a normal, healthy state and to the immune response during infections. B-1 cells have a distinct developmental pathway, maintenance, and function compared to conventional B cells (B-2 cells). They secrete a constant level of IgM, called natural IgM, even in the absence of any microbes, which can bind to epitopes expressed by both altered host antigens and pathogens. IgM is required for the normal development of B-2 cells, as it prevents the development of auto-reactive B-2 cells. Natural IgM also contributes to early control of pathogens through its ability to bind common antigens found on many pathogens. This dissertation aims to further understand these two distinct functions performed by B-1 cells: natural IgM secretion and the response to infection. In Chapter 1, I review our current understanding of the development and function of B-1 cells and identified areas in which additional studies were needed to further our understanding. In particular, I found that the identity of major populations of natural IgM-secreting B-1 cells and their relative contributions to the pool of natural IgM-secreting cells had not been clearly demonstrated. Additionally, although a “Division of Labor” between two subsets of B-1 cells, CD5+ B-1a cells and CD5- B-1b cells has been proposed, studies on the functions of these two populations have yielded seemingly contradictory results, and so their contributions to both natural IgM and the B-1 cell response to infection remain unclear. In Chapter 2, I describe the identification of the major tissues and cellular sources of natural antibody and examined the dependence of natural antibody secreting cells on the transcriptional regulator of plasma cell differentiation, Blimp-1. My studies identified three B-1 cell populations in spleen and bone marrow contributing IgM: Blimp-1-dependent B-1 cells, Blimp-1-independent B-1 cells, and a new population, B-1-derived plasma cells (B-1PC). Furthermore, I found that the Blimp-1 independent B-1 cells in the bone marrow were able to increase their frequency of IgM antibody secreting cell formation when serum IgM was low. Taken together, my findings demonstrated that the population of natural antibody secreting cells is heterogeneous in phenotype and differentiation requirements and in their ability to respond to changes in IgM levels. Chapter 3 examines the development of the newly-identified terminally-differentiated B-1 plasma cells (B-1PC). In contrast to B-1 cells, which develop in a T-independent manner from before birth to a few weeks after birth, B-1PC development began about 3 weeks after birth and required [alpha]/[beta] CD4 T cells. Non-terminally differentiated B-1 cells increased IgM production in the absence of B-1PC such that no overall change in serum IgM was measurable, explaining previous studies that failed to show an effect of T-cell deficiency on serum IgM levels. I also identified a difference in the antigen binding capabilities of B-1 cells and B-1PC, suggesting distinct repertoires. Overall, I demonstrated that B-1PC develop over time through interactions with CD4 T cells. Their distinct developmental requirements may lead to a unique repertoire of natural IgM. Chapter 4 examines the response of CD5+ B-1a and CD5- B-1b cells to infection and the role of the B cell receptor inhibitor CD5 in their regulation. Our laboratory previously showed that CD5+ but not CD5- B-1 cells respond to influenza infection. However, others have identified CD5- B-1 cells as the main source of B-1-derived IgM after infection. Explaining these difficult to reconcile findings, I found that CD5+ B-1 cells lose CD5 expression, after TLR stimulation in vitro and in vivo in the local lymphoid tissues of mice infected with Influenza virus or with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Overall my data demonstrate that some CD5+ B-1a cells can become CD5- B-1b cells, and thus B-1a and B-1b cells are not two distinct populations. Taken together, this dissertation expands our understanding of the diverse subsets of B-1 cells and their functions. I demonstrate for the first time the presence of a population of B-1-derived plasma cells that contribute T-dependent IgM to the pool of natural antibodies. I also describe a population of non-differentiated B-1 cells that are adjusting IgM responses to circulating levels serum IgM. Finally, I demonstrated that CD5 expression appears to be an indicator of activation state for B-1 cells, rather than a marker of distinct subsets.

Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Biology of B Cells written by Tasuku Honjo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference to how B cells are generated, selected, activated and engaged in antibody production. All of these developmental and stimulatory processes are described in molecular, immunological, and genetic terms to give a clear understanding of complex phenotypes. Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition offers an integrated view of all aspects of B cells to produce a normal immune response as a constant, and the molecular basis of numerous diseases due to B cell abnormality. The new edition continues its success with updated research on microRNAs in B cell development and immunity, new developments in understanding lymphoma biology, and therapeutic targeting of B cells for clinical application. With updated research and continued comprehensive coverage of all aspects of B cell biology, Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is the definitive resource, vital for researchers across molecular biology, immunology and genetics.

Download or read book B Cell Receptor Signaling written by Tomohiro Kurosaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details our current understanding of the architecture and signaling capabilities of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in health and disease. The first chapters review new insights into the assembly of BCR components and their organization on the cell surface. Subsequent contributions focus on the molecular interactions that connect the BCR with major intracellular signaling pathways such as Ca2+ mobilization, membrane phospholipid metabolism, nuclear translocation of NF-kB or the activation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase and MAP kinases. These elements orchestrate cytoplasmic and nuclear responses as well as cytoskeleton dynamics for antigen internalization. Furthermore, a key mechanism of how B cells remember their cognate antigen is discussed in detail. Altogether, the discoveries presented provide a better understanding of B cell biology and help to explain some B cell-mediated pathogenicities, like autoimmune phenomena or the formation of B cell tumors, while also paving the way for eventually combating these diseases.

Download or read book The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health written by Kitty Verhoeckx and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-29 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Infogest” (Improving Health Properties of Food by Sharing our Knowledge on the Digestive Process) is an EU COST action/network in the domain of Food and Agriculture that will last for 4 years from April 4, 2011. Infogest aims at building an open international network of institutes undertaking multidisciplinary basic research on food digestion gathering scientists from different origins (food scientists, gut physiologists, nutritionists...). The network gathers 70 partners from academia, corresponding to a total of 29 countries. The three main scientific goals are: Identify the beneficial food components released in the gut during digestion; Support the effect of beneficial food components on human health; Promote harmonization of currently used digestion models Infogest meetings highlighted the need for a publication that would provide researchers with an insight into the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of respective in vitro and ex vivo assays to evaluate the effects of foods and food bioactives on health. Such assays are particularly important in situations where a large number of foods/bioactives need to be screened rapidly and in a cost effective manner in order to ultimately identify lead foods/bioactives that can be the subject of in vivo assays. The book is an asset to researchers wishing to study the health benefits of their foods and food bioactives of interest and highlights which in vitro/ex vivo assays are of greatest relevance to their goals, what sort of outputs/data can be generated and, as noted above, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the various assays. It is also an important resource for undergraduate students in the ‘food and health’ arena.

Download or read book Handbook on Immunosenescence written by Tamas Fulop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 1693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.

Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction written by Lawrence H. Lash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Toxicology, Volume 2: Mitochondrial Dysfunction provides a source of methods, techniques, and experimental approaches for studying the role of abnormal mitochondrial function in cell injury. The book discusses the methods for the preparation and basic functional assessment of mitochondria from liver, kidney, muscle, and brain; the methods for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in intact organs; and the structural aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are addressed. The text also describes chemical detoxification and metabolism as well as specific metabolic reactions that are especially important targets or indicators of damage. The methods for measurement of alterations in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and for the analysis and manipulation of oxidative injury and antioxidant systems are also considered. The book further tackles additional methods on mitochondrial energetics and transport processes; approaches for assessing impaired function of mitochondria; and genetic and developmental aspects of mitochondrial disease and toxicology. The text also looks into mitochondrial DNA synthesis, covalent binding to mitochondrial DNA, DNA repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of developing individuals and cellular differentiation. Microbiologists, toxicologists, biochemists, and molecular pharmacologists will find the book invaluable.

Download or read book Human B Cell Populations written by Manlio Ferrarini and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B cells used to be considered as a homogeneous population of cells destined to produce antibodies of increasing affinity and to maintain an immunological memory. In recent years, it has been determined that B cells can be subdivided into different subsets characterized by distinct morphologic, phenotypic, and functional features. Presenting results of research work on the definition of B cell subset populations, this book explains the basic mechanisms that control B cell activation, stimulation and regulation. Articles include studies on both normal and malignant B cells and describe the mechanisms underlying T-B cell interactions during the immune response. The most important advances in the field of immunodeficiency are also reported. This volume will be essential not only for basic and clinical immunologists, but also for hematologists, pathologists and rheumatologists with a special interest in the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative or autoimmune disorders.

Download or read book Stellate Cells in Health and Disease written by Chandrashekhar Gandhi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-10 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stellate Cells in Health and Disease is a comprehensive reference providing the most up-to-date knowledge and perspectives on the function of stellate cells affecting the liver and other organs. The text presents comprehensive coverage of their already established role in hepatic fibrosis along with the newer emerging evidence for stellate cell participation in the liver cell (hepatocyte) survival and regeneration, hepatic immunobiology, transplant tolerance, and liver cancer. Chapters describe both animal and human research and the relevance of findings from animal research to human pathophysiology, and also contain sections on future directions which will be of special interest to basic and clinical researchers working on liver fibrosis, hepatic biology, and pathobiology. Presents coverage of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis with stellate cells as a target for therapy. Shows stellate cells as a major participant in hepatic immunobiology, including transplantation immunology. Key illustrations show the phenotypical changes in stellate cells in situ and tissue culture, their interactions with other cell types, signaling pathways and demonstrate the functions and roles of stellate cell in pathological processes.

Download or read book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks written by Rebecca Skloot and published by Crown. This book was released on 2010-02-02 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • “The story of modern medicine and bioethics—and, indeed, race relations—is refracted beautifully, and movingly.”—Entertainment Weekly NOW A MAJOR MOTION PICTURE FROM HBO® STARRING OPRAH WINFREY AND ROSE BYRNE • ONE OF THE “MOST INFLUENTIAL” (CNN), “DEFINING” (LITHUB), AND “BEST” (THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER) BOOKS OF THE DECADE • ONE OF ESSENCE’S 50 MOST IMPACTFUL BLACK BOOKS OF THE PAST 50 YEARS • WINNER OF THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE HEARTLAND PRIZE FOR NONFICTION NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The New York Times Book Review • Entertainment Weekly • O: The Oprah Magazine • NPR • Financial Times • New York • Independent (U.K.) • Times (U.K.) • Publishers Weekly • Library Journal • Kirkus Reviews • Booklist • Globe and Mail Her name was Henrietta Lacks, but scientists know her as HeLa. She was a poor Southern tobacco farmer who worked the same land as her slave ancestors, yet her cells—taken without her knowledge—became one of the most important tools in medicine: The first “immortal” human cells grown in culture, which are still alive today, though she has been dead for more than sixty years. HeLa cells were vital for developing the polio vaccine; uncovered secrets of cancer, viruses, and the atom bomb’s effects; helped lead to important advances like in vitro fertilization, cloning, and gene mapping; and have been bought and sold by the billions. Yet Henrietta Lacks remains virtually unknown, buried in an unmarked grave. Henrietta’s family did not learn of her “immortality” until more than twenty years after her death, when scientists investigating HeLa began using her husband and children in research without informed consent. And though the cells had launched a multimillion-dollar industry that sells human biological materials, her family never saw any of the profits. As Rebecca Skloot so brilliantly shows, the story of the Lacks family—past and present—is inextricably connected to the dark history of experimentation on African Americans, the birth of bioethics, and the legal battles over whether we control the stuff we are made of. Over the decade it took to uncover this story, Rebecca became enmeshed in the lives of the Lacks family—especially Henrietta’s daughter Deborah. Deborah was consumed with questions: Had scientists cloned her mother? Had they killed her to harvest her cells? And if her mother was so important to medicine, why couldn’t her children afford health insurance? Intimate in feeling, astonishing in scope, and impossible to put down, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks captures the beauty and drama of scientific discovery, as well as its human consequences.

Download or read book New Insights Into B cell Subsets in Health and Disease written by Judith Fraussen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-04 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book B Cells in Immunity and Tolerance written by Ji-Yang Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-22 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains twelve chapters contributed by prestigious international experts who are at the forefront of B cell research, and aims to provide a cutting-edge and comprehensive overview of all aspects of B cells, including B cell development, maturation and activation, germinal center reaction, memory and plasma cell differentiation, and antibody-mediated positive and negative regulation of humoral immune responses. There are also three chapters describing human diseases caused by B cell abnormalities, including primary antibody deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and B cell malignancies. We hope that this book will become a standard and routine reference for both basic researchers and clinicians.

Download or read book T Cell Development written by Rémy Bosselut and published by Humana. This book was released on 2015-08-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​This volume provides simple and accessible experiment protocols to explore thymus biology. T-Cell Development: Methods and Protocols is divided into three parts presenting short reviews on T cell development, analysis strategies, protocols for cell preparation, flow cytometry analyses, and multiple aspects of thymocyte biology. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Concise and easy-to-use, T-Cell Development: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

Download or read book TH17 Cells in Health and Disease written by Shuiping Jiang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “About 25 years ago, Mosmann & Coffman introduced the TH1 / TH2 paradigm of T helper cell differentiation which helped explain many aspects of adaptive immunity from eliminating intracellular versus extracellular pathogens to induction of different types of tissue inflammation. However, TH1 / TH2 paradigm could not adequately explain development of certain inflammatory responses which provided impetus for the discovery of a new subset of T cells called TH17 cells. After the discovery of differentiation and transcription factors for TH17 cells, it was clear that TH17 cells represent an independent subset of T cells with specific functions in eliminating certain extracellular pathogens, presumably not adequately handled by TH1 or TH2 cells. The major role of TH17 cells has been described in inducing auto-immune tissue inflammation. The discovery of TH17 cells has expanded the TH1 / TH2 paradigm, and the integration of TH17 cells with TH1 and TH2 effector T cells is beginning to explain the underlying mechanisms of tissue inflammation in a number of infections and auto-immune disease settings.” - From Chapter One by Vijay K. Kuchroo, Harvard University, USA “The recently identified Interleukin 17 (IL-17) cytokine family contributes to immunity to infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases. Further studies on the regulation and function of this important cytokine family may provide better understanding on the roles of the IL-17 family in immune-mediated diseases; such knowledge may lead to the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for treatment of several inflammatory diseases.” - From Chapter Two by Chen Dong, University of Texas and MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA

Download or read book Normal and Malignant B Cell written by Mourad Aribi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-02-26 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Normal and Malignant B-Cell is a collection of harmonious chapters contributed by different authors. This book sets out to describe the B-cell during different stages of ontogeny and the molecular mechanisms of its antigen receptor diversity. It also discusses the main clinical and etiopathogenic aspects when it is transformed into a malignant cell. The book will be interesting and useful for clinicians, biologists, researchers, teachers, and graduate students of both doctoral and master's degrees in the field of immunology.

Download or read book B Cell Trophic Factors and B Cell Antagonism in Autoimmune Disease written by William Stohl and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of B cell biology has increased and expanded enormously in the last three decades. It is now known that B cells, in addition to just differentiating into antibody-secreting cells, serve many other vital functions. For example, their roles as antigen-presenting cells and cytokine-producing cells as well as effector cells and regulatory cells are well appreciated now. Indeed, the pathologic role of B cells in many autoimmune disorders may be largely autoantibody-independent. Today, the B cell is of considerable interest not only to immunologists but also to mainstream clinicians and scientists. The current volume covers the latest information on the functions of B cells in normal and disease states, and their therapeutic antagonism. Chapters cover cutting-edge topics from the basic to the clinical, including B cells in infection and autoimmunity, CD19-CD21 signal transduction complex, marginal zone B cell physiology and disease, B cell growth and differentiation, their role in rheumatoid arthritis, SLE treatment, the BAFF/APRIL system and B lymphocyte malignancies. This book is recommended reading for cellular and molecular immunologists as well as for rheumatologists, hematologists and clinical immunologists, and all those interested in human diseases in which B cells play an important contributory role.