Download or read book The French Invasion of Italy in 1494 written by Charles River Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes contemporary accounts *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading In 1494, there were five sovereign regional powers in Italy: Milan, Venice, Florence, the Papal States and Naples. In 1536, only one remained: Venice. These decades of conflict precipitated great anxiety among Western thinkers, and Italians responded to the fragmentation, forevermore, of Latin Christendom, the end of self-governance for Italians, and the beginning of the early modern era in a myriad of ways. They were always heavily influenced by the lived experience of warfare between large Christian armies on the peninsula. The diplomatic and military history of this 30 year period is a complex one that one eminent Renaissance historian, Lauro Martines, has described as "best told by a computer, so many and tangled are the treatises, negotiations and battles." At the same time, the fighting went in tandem with the Renaissance and was influenced by it. Most historians credit the city-state of Florence as the place that started and developed the Italian Renaissance, a process carried out through the patronage and commission of artists during the late 12th century. If Florence is receiving its due credit, much of it belongs to the Medicis, the family dynasty of Florence that ruled at the height of the Renaissance. The dynasty held such influence that some of its family members even became Pope. Lorenzo de Medici may have not been a king, prince or duke, but he nevertheless held significant influence over all of the noble houses of the region, from Milan and Naples to the King of France. Between 1482 and 1484, Lorenzo's influence prevented a close alliance between King Louis IX of France and the city of Venice, which was at war with Ferrara. Lorenzo's personal influence helped reduce Venice's power in the region. During the Baron's War of 1485 and 1486, while Florence sided with the pope, Lorenzo favored Ferdinando of Aragon, who had close ties with Naples, giving Lorenzo the chance to attempt to negotiate an improvement in relations between the pope and Naples. While the two had once been allied against Florence, their alliance had ended with the war. Lorenzo proposed a new agreement between the two, largely centered around financial obligations, in 1489. It was accepted in 1492, creating an enduring peace for some time. Perhaps fittingly, once Lorenzo the Magnificent died, the tenuous peace would go with him, touching off the Italian Wars. The French Invasion of Italy in 1494: The History and Legacy of the Conflict that Started the Italian Wars chronicles the decisive campaign that forever changed the Italian peninsula at the end of the 15th century. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the First Italian War like never before.
Download or read book The French Descent into Renaissance Italy 1494 95 written by David Abulafia and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The French invasion of Italy under Charles VIII in 1494-95 has long been seen as inaugurating a new and wretched era in Italian history. The present volume, the work of an international team of contributors, seeks to question that assumption by focusing anew on the intricate politics of Renaissance Italy and the long history of Angevin attempts to impose their rule in southern Italy. It was later invasions, it is argued, that did most to reshape the politics of the Italian peninsula. These studies also look at social and economic effects of the French invasion, as well as its cultural aspects, not least the impact of Renaissance culture in France itself. Combining survey papers and research articles, this volume presents a new introduction to the history of late 15th-century Italy. The appendix, listing the Ilardi collection of microfilms, will also provide an invaluable guide to the diplomatic history of the era.
Download or read book The Italian Wars 1494 1559 written by and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Italian Wars of 1494-1559 had a major impact on the whole of Renaissance Europe. In this important text, Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw place the conflict within the political and economic context of the wars. Emphasising the gap between aims and strategies of the political masters and what their commanders and troops could actually accomplish on the ground, they analyse developments in military tactics and the tactical use of firearms and examine how Italians of all sectors of society reacted to the wars and the inevitable political and social change that they brought about. The history of Renaissance Italy is currently being radically rethought by historians. This book is a major contribution to this re-evaluation, and will be essential reading for all students of Renaissance and military history.
Download or read book The First Second Italian Wars 1494 1504 written by Julian Romane and published by Pen and Sword Military. This book was released on 2020-08-30 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A historical analysis of the course of military operations and political machinations in Italy at the turn of the sixteenth century. The First and Second Italian Wars begins with the French conquest of much of Italy. But the French hold collapsed. The second French invasion gained Northern Italy. This time, the French allied with the Pope’s son, Cesare Borgia. Cesare managed to double deal too many people; his efforts ended in disaster. The French agreement with the Spanish allowed them to retake Naples only to be defeated at the Garigliano by the famous general, Gonzalo de Cordoba. These wars were not just another series of medieval fights. These battles were different from what had gone before: the French utilized a new method of artillery transport; the Spanish commander formulated a new system of military unit organization, and Cesare Borgia sought different systems of raising troops and forming states. And all the powers managed to spend vast amounts of money the likes of which no one had imagined before. This was the emergence of the so-called Military Revolution. Praise for The First and Second Italian Wars 1494–1504 “An amazing account of medieval warfare between two of Europe’s principle nations.” —Books Monthly (UK) “This is a fascinating, detailed look at these crucial wars, placing the military campaigns in their political context—the world that inspired the writings of Machiavelli, and you can see where he got his inspiration from!” —History of War
Download or read book The Art of War in Italy 1494 1529 written by Frederick Lewis Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The French Descent Into Renaissance Italy 1494 95 written by David Abulafia and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Beauty and the Terror written by Catherine Fletcher and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new account of the birth of the West through its birthplace--Renaissance Italy The period between 1492--resonant for a number of reasons--and 1571, when the Ottoman navy was defeated in the Battle of Lepanto, embraces what we know as the Renaissance, one of the most dynamic and creatively explosive epochs in world history. Here is the period that gave rise to so many great artists and figures, and which by its connection to its classical heritage enabled a redefinition, even reinvention, of human potential. It was a moment both of violent struggle and great achievement, of Michelangelo and da Vinci as well as the Borgias and Machiavelli. At the hub of this cultural and intellectual ferment was Italy. The Beauty and the Terror offers a vibrant history of Renaissance Italy and its crucial role in the emergence of the Western world. Drawing on a rich range of sources--letters, interrogation records, maps, artworks, and inventories--Catherine Fletcher explores both the explosion of artistic expression and years of bloody conflict between Spain and France, between Catholic and Protestant, between Christian and Muslim; in doing so, she presents a new way of witnessing the birth of the West.
Download or read book Renaissance Mass Murder written by Stephen D. Bowd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renaissance Mass Murder explores the devastating impact of war on the men and women of the Renaissance. In contrast to the picture of balance and harmony usually associated with the Renaissance, it uncovers in forensic detail a world in which sacks of Italian cities and massacres of civilians at the hands of French, German, Spanish, Swiss, and Italian troops were regular occurrences. The arguments presented are based on a wealth of evidence - histories and chronicles, poetry and paintings, sculpture and other objects - which together provide a new and startling history of sixteenth-century Italy and a social history of the Italian Wars. It outlines how massacres happened, how princes, soldiers, lawyers, and writers justified and explained such events, and how they were represented in contemporary culture. On this basis, Renaissance Mass Murder reconstructs the terrifying individual experiences of civilians in the face of war and in doing so offers a story of human tragedy which redresses the balance of the history of the Italian Wars, and of Renaissance warfare, in favour of the civilian and away from the din of battle. This volume also places mass murder in a broader historical context and challenges claims that such violence was unusual or in decline in early modern Europe. Finally, it shows that women often suffered disproportionately from this violence and that immunity for them, as for their children, was often partially developed or poorly respected.
Download or read book The Italian Wars written by Adrian Roberts and published by Horsham House. This book was released on 2014-08-23 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Italian Wars is a study guide suitable for senior high school or first year university students, and was chapter 3 of the seminal history textbook 'Years of Renewal: European History 1470 to 1600. Topics covered include: Italy in 1494, Charles VIII, the French Invasion of 1494-1495, The Holy League, Louis XII, Papal Expansion in central Italy, the War of the League of Cambrai, the War of the Holy League and Francis I.
Download or read book Fornovo 1495 written by David Nicolle and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charles VIII led Europe's most potent army to victory against one Italian province after another. The Italian states rallied though, and at Fornovo they fought the French juggernaught to a standstill. Here began the bloody Italian Wars.
Download or read book Renaissance Armies in Italy 1450 1550 written by Gabriele Esposito and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Italian Renaissance marked a period of political and military turmoil. Many regional wars were fought between the states ruled by Milan, Venice, Genoa, Florence, the Papacy, Siena and Naples. For more than 50 years starting in 1494, major foreign powers also exploited these divisions to invade Italy; both France and Spain made temporary alliances with city states to further their ambitions, and early in the 16th century the Emperor Charles V sent armies from his German realms to support the Spanish. These wars coincided with the growth of disciplined infantry – carrying not only polearms and crossbows but also handguns – which proved capable of challenging the previously dominant armoured knights. The widespread use of mercenaries ushered in the early development of the 'pike and shot' era that succeeded the 'High Middle Ages'. During this period costumes, armour and weapons varied greatly due to their national origins and to the evolution of tactics and technology. This masterfully illustrated study offers a fascinating insight into the many armies which fought in Italy during this turbulent period, explaining not only their arms and equipment, but also their structure and successes and failures on the battlefield.
Download or read book A Short History of the Italian Renaissance written by Kenneth R. Bartlett and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Award-winning lecturer Kenneth R. Bartlett applies his decades of experience teaching the Italian Renaissance to this beautifully illustrated overview. In his introductory Note to the Reader, Bartlett first explains why he chose Jacob Burckhardt's classic narrative to guide students through the complex history of the Renaissance and then provides his own contemporary interpretation of that narrative. Over seventy color illustrations, genealogies of important Renaissance families, eight maps, a list of popes, a timeline of events, a bibliography, and an index are included.
Download or read book The Battle of Fornovo written by Charles River and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2024-03-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1494, there were five sovereign regional powers in Italy: Milan, Venice, Florence, the Papal States and Naples. In 1536, only one remained: Venice. These decades of conflict precipitated great anxiety among Western thinkers, and Italians responded to the fragmentation, forevermore, of Latin Christendom, the end of self-governance for Italians, and the beginning of the early modern era in a myriad of ways. They were always heavily influenced by the lived experience of warfare between large Christian armies on the peninsula. The diplomatic and military history of this 30-year period was a complex situation that one eminent Renaissance historian, Lauro Martines, has described as "best told by a computer, so many and tangled are the treatises, negotiations and battles." At the same time, the fighting went in tandem with the Renaissance and was influenced by it. Most historians credit the city-state of Florence as the place that started and developed the Italian Renaissance, a process carried out through the patronage and commission of artists during the late 12th century. If Florence is receiving its due credit, much of it belongs to the Medicis, the family dynasty of Florence that ruled at the height of the Renaissance. The dynasty held such influence that some of its family members even became Pope. Lorenzo de Medici may have not been a king, prince or duke, but he nevertheless held significant influence over all of the noble houses of the region, from Milan and Naples to the king of France. Between 1482 and 1484, Lorenzo's influence prevented a close alliance between King Louis IX of France and the city of Venice, which was at war with Ferrara. Lorenzo's personal influence helped reduce Venice's power in the region. During the Baron's War of 1485 and 1486, while Florence sided with the pope, Lorenzo favored Ferdinando of Aragon, who had close ties with Naples, giving Lorenzo the chance to attempt to negotiate an improvement in relations between the pope and Naples. While the two had once been allied against Florence, their alliance had ended with the war. Lorenzo proposed a new agreement between the two, largely centered around financial obligations, in 1489. It was accepted in 1492, creating an enduring peace for some time. Perhaps fittingly, once Lorenzo the Magnificent died, the tenuous peace would go with him, touching off the Italian Wars. Meanwhile, plans for a French invasion were years in the making, and France's young King Charles VIII, heavily influenced by chivalric tales and his men of finance, had begun his preparations for conquering Naples as a base from which to launch a crusade in 1491. Two key events were the catalysts for these plans. The first was the arrival of Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere at Avignon in May 1494. The holder of the see at Vincula, Giuliano della Rovere, and Rodrigo Borgia quarreled upon the latter's election to the Papal throne as Pope Alexander VI.[3] After months of intrigue and a failed assassination plot, della Rovere sailed from Ostia to France, where he joined his voice to the chorus inciting Charles VIII to war. Giuliano della Rovere's connections in his native Genoa made him a formidable ally in that he was able to help the French king raise the necessary funds for an invasion from Ligurian moneylenders. The French invasion of Italy in 1494 was shocking to Italian observers both in terms of scale and ferocity, and various Italian powers' attempts to expel the French from the peninsula would culminate with the Battle of Fornovo, which turned out merely to be the first major battle in a long series of conflicts.
Download or read book Invasion and Revolution written by William Harrison Fredlund and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mercenaries and their Masters written by Michael Mallett and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2009-08-19 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael MallettÕs classic study of Renaissance warfare in Italy is as relevant today as it was when it was first published a generation ago. His lucid account of the age of the condottieri - the mercenary captains of fortune - and of the soldiers who fought under them is set in the wider context of the Italian society of the time and of the warring city-states who employed them. A fascinating picture emerges of the mercenaries themselves, of their commanders and their campaigns, but also of the way in which war was organized and practiced in the Renaissance world. The book concentrates on the fifteenth century, a confused period of turbulence and transition when standing armies were formed in Italy and more modern types of military organization took hold across Europe. But it also looks back to the middle ages and the fourteenth century, and forward to the Italian wars of the sixteenth century when foreign armies disputed the European balance of power on Italian soil. Michael MallettÕs pioneering study, which embodies much scholarly research into this neglected, often misunderstood subject, is essential reading for any one who is keen to understand the history of warfare in the late medieval period and the Renaissance.
Download or read book Renaissance Diplomacy written by Garrett Mattingly and published by Cosimo, Inc.. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Famed historian's definitive history of the origins of diplomacy, tracing the diplomat's role as it emerged in the Italian city-states and spread northward in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Download or read book Barons and Castellans written by Christine Shaw and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The military nobility – "signori di castelli", lords of castles – formed an important component of the society of Renaissance Italy, although they have often been disregarded by historians, or treated as an anomaly. In Barons and Castellans: The Military Nobility of Renaissance Italy, Christine Shaw provides the first comparative study of “lords of castles”, great and small, throughout Italy, examining their military and political significance, and how their roles changed during the Italian Wars. Her main focus is on their military resources and how they deployed them in public and private wars, in pursuit of their own interests and in the service of others, and on how their military weight affected their political standing and influence.
