Download or read book The Forensic Value of Processed Human Hair Extensions written by Caitlin Porterfield and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human hair extension industry has grown immensely with revenues exceeding nine billion dollars each year. Statistics indicate that over sixty percent of women have at some point invested in hair extensions and that they are even becoming popular with men. In spite of the expansion of the extension consumer market, human hair extensions have never been evaluated for their evidentiary value in a forensic case. A human hair extension collected from a crime scene would be evaluated as a shed human telogen hair and analyze during microscopic techniques and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Sequencing of mtDNA from the extension would place the hair donor, not the suspect, at the scene. Although it is not likely that the mtDNA sequence would be matched to the donor’s maternal lineage, the evidence would be misleading. Hair extensions collected from a crime scene would misdirect an investigation and result in a misuse of time and resources. The ability to identify a human hair as an extension would be invaluable during an investigation and might exclude the hair as probative evidence. The human hair extension industry has grown immensely with revenues exceeding nine billion dollars each year. Statistics indicate that over sixty percent of women have at some point invested in hair extensions and that they are even becoming popular with men. In spite of the expansion of the extension consumer market, human hair extensions have never been evaluated for their evidentiary value in a forensic case. A human hair extension collected from a crime scene would be evaluated as a shed human telogen hair and analyze during microscopic techniques and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Sequencing of mtDNA from the extension would place the hair donor, not the suspect, at the scene. Although it is not likely that the mtDNA sequence would be matched to the donor’s maternal lineage, the evidence would be misleading. Hair extensions collected from a crime scene would misdirect an investigation and result in a misuse of time and resources. The ability to identify a human hair as an extension would be invaluable during an investigation and might exclude the hair as probative evidence. mtDNA extracted from the hair extensions was sequenced and compared to the revised Cambridge sequence (rCRS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs were used to assign haplotypes and distinguish regional affiliations associated with the extensions in an attempt to establish the ethnicity of the hair donor’s maternal lineage. Haplotype assignments for the hair extensions were based on HV2 genetic polymorphisms and represented multiple geographic regions and a large portion of the population. HV2 sequences were not restrictive enough to determine regional affiliations for particular extension brands or processed human hair extensions as a whole. More definitive haplotype assignments would be possible with HV1 SNP discrimination. Also, sequence variation between hair extensions of the same brand indicated that the hair within a single package of extensions was from multiple donors. This has significant implications in forensic analysis.
Download or read book Chemical Analysis of Proecessed Human Hair Extentions for Use in Forensic Casework written by Courtney Schartz and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In forensic laboratories, hair analysis is performed in the trace evidence unit and the DNA unit. The completed analysis of hair can include a variety of tests, but generally, microscopic analysis is performed and is followed by mitochondrial DNA analysis. With the increasing use of hair extensions, it is possible that a hair sample discovered at a crime scene may be a processed human hair extension and has no physical or genetic connection to the individual wearing the hair extensions. This can be misleading in an investigation and result in a misuse of time and resources. Being able to identify a hair as a processed human hair extension is valuable in determining its entire evidentiary value and result in the forensic laboratory adjusting its approach to analysis. Current literature is limited pertaining to hair extensions as forensic evidence. Only one study has focused extensively on processed human hair extensions for their probative value in forensic case work. This study involved the microscopic examination and genetic analysis of processed human hair extensions but found no features that differentiated natural human head hairs from human hair extensions. There are multiple articles that research chemical analysis of hair, but few are looking into applications into the forensic laboratory. The lack of literature proves the necessity for this research.This research determined whether a chemical difference was present between natural human head hair and processed human hair extensions through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three different hair extension brands and five different natural human hair samples were used in this research. Multiple organic solid-liquid extractions were completed using hexanes, Colorist SecretsTM Hair Color Remover, methanol, 1-octanol, and chloroform-d. The extraction solvents were then used for instrumental analysis by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The resulting spectra were analyzed and compared to determine differences between processed human hair extensions and natural human head hairs. This study proves that there is a chemical difference between processed human hair extensions and natural human head hair. This was indicated by the differences observed in spectra on the UV-Vis, GC/MS, and NMR between the natural human head hairs and processed human hair extensions. The processed human hair extensions have a higher absorbance, when analyzed with UV-Vis spectroscopy than the natural human head hair samples. In addition, there are specifics in the processed human hair extensions that are visualized by GC/MS and NMR analysis that are not present in the control natural human head hair samples. The higher absorbance and peaks show a chemical difference between the samples. This chemical difference can be used to differentiate samples in a forensic laboratory, which could change how hair is analyzed for casework. This research is significant because it allows for the chemical identification of processed human hair extensions which may help in determining if the hair has probative value in a forensic case. The ability to chemically identify a hair extension collected from a crime scene would provide investigate leads and help to preserve time and resources. Also, chemical analysis might allow a processed human hair extension collected from a crime scene to be definitively associated with others from the same manufacturing package. This would be beneficial if the extensions were still attached to the suspect's head. This research has the potential to change the way that hair analysis is viewed and used throughout the forensic laboratory. Further research needs to be completed: analysis of more hair extension brands, determine a concise method of analysis, and the best extraction solvent. The study is a precursor to all of this and proves that there is a necessity for further analysis and implementation to forensics. But before any of that can happen, a reliable and consistent method needs to be determined and validated. This study proves this need for further research in this area, and ultimately updating the process for hair analysis throughout forensic laboratories.
Download or read book Chemical and Physical Behavior of Human Hair written by Clarence R. Robbins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-26 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human hair is the subject of a wide range of scientific investigations. Its chemical and physical properties are of importance to the cosmetics industry, forensic scientists, and to biomedical researchers. This updated and enlarged fourth edition continues the tradition of its predecessor as being the definitive monograph on the subject. It now contains new information on various topics including: chemical hair damage, the cause of dandruff, skin and eye irritation, hair straightening, and others. Chemical and Physical Behavior of Human Hair is a teaching guide and reference volume for cosmetic chemists and other scientists in the hair products industry, academic researchers studying hair and hair growth, textile scientists, and forensic specialists.
Download or read book Forensic DNA Typing Protocols written by Angel Carracedo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art collection of readily reproducible laboratory methods for DNA identity analysis, including Y chromosome haplotyping, mtDNA, and SNP typing. The book offers well-tested protocols for DNA quantification using real-time PCR on forensic samples and for the determination of the number of amelogenine gene copies. For forensic geneticists, there are readily reproducible methods for species identification, ancient DNA, and pharmacogenetics. Additional chapters address new applications in the forensic genetics lab, such a species identification or typing of CYP polymorphisms for the analysis of adverse to drugs.
Download or read book Crime Scene and Evidence Collection Handbook written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993-04 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.
Download or read book Forensic DNA Analysis written by Jaiprakash G. Shewale and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-08-19 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of forensic DNA analysis has grown immensely in the past two decades and genotyping of biological samples is now routinely performed in human identification (HID) laboratories. Application areas include paternity testing, forensic casework, family lineage studies, identification of human remains, and DNA databasing. Forensic DNA Analysis:
Download or read book DNA Technology in Forensic Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice system. DNA Technology in Forensic Science offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions that are emerging as DNA typing becomes more widespread. The volume addresses key issues: Quality and reliability in DNA typing, including the introduction of new technologies, problems of standardization, and approaches to certification. DNA typing in the courtroom, including issues of population genetics, levels of understanding among judges and juries, and admissibility. Societal issues, such as privacy of DNA data, storage of samples and data, and the rights of defendants to quality testing technology. Combining this original volume with the new update-The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence-provides the complete, up-to-date picture of this highly important and visible topic. This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students.
Download or read book The Foundations and Mathematical Models of Operations Research with Extensions to the Criminal Justice System written by Haig Edward Bohigian and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crime Scene Investigation written by National Institute of Justice (U.S.). Technical Working Group on Crime Scene Investigation and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a guide to recommended practices for crime scene investigation. The guide is presented in five major sections, with sub-sections as noted: (1) Arriving at the Scene: Initial Response/Prioritization of Efforts (receipt of information, safety procedures, emergency care, secure and control persons at the scene, boundaries, turn over control of the scene and brief investigator/s in charge, document actions and observations); (2) Preliminary Documentation and Evaluation of the Scene (scene assessment, "walk-through" and initial documentation); (3) Processing the Scene (team composition, contamination control, documentation and prioritize, collect, preserve, inventory, package, transport, and submit evidence); (4) Completing and Recording the Crime Scene Investigation (establish debriefing team, perform final survey, document the scene); and (5) Crime Scene Equipment (initial responding officers, investigator/evidence technician, evidence collection kits).
Download or read book A Guide to Forensic DNA Profiling written by Scott Bader and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasingly arcane world of DNA profiling demands that those needing to understand at least some of it must find a source of reliable and understandable information. Combining material from the successful Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science with newly commissioned and updated material, the Editors have used their own extensive experience in criminal casework across the world to compile an informative guide that will provide knowledge and thought-provoking articles of interest to anyone involved or interested in the use of DNA in the forensic context. Following extensive introductory chapters covering forensic DNA profiling and forensic genetics, this comprehensive volume presents a substantial breadth of material covering: Fundamental material – including sources of DNA, validation, and accreditation Analysis and interpretation – including, extraction, quantification, amplification and interpretation of electropherograms (epgs) Evaluation – including mixtures, low template, and transfer Applications – databases, paternity and kinship, mitochondrial-DNA, wildlife DNA, single-nucleotide polymorphism, phenotyping and familial searching Court - report writing, discovery, cross examination, and current controversies With contributions from leading experts across the whole gamut of forensic science, this volume is intended to be authoritative but not authoritarian, informative but comprehensible, and comprehensive but concise. It will prove to be a valuable addition, and useful resource, for scientists, lawyers, teachers, criminologists, and judges.
Download or read book Entanglement written by Emma Tarlo and published by Oneworld Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Victor Turner Prize for Ethnographic Writing 2017 Journeying around the globe, through past and present, Emma Tarlo unravels the intriguing story of human hair and what it tells us about ourselves and society. When it’s not attached to your head, your very own hair takes on a disconcerting quality. Suddenly, it is strange. And yet hair finds its way into all manner of unexpected places, far from our heads, including cosmetics, clothes, ropes, personal and public collections, and even food. Whether treated as waste or as gift, relic, sacred offering or product in a billion-dollar industry for wigs and hair extensions, hair has many stories to tell. Collected from Hindu temples and Buddhist nunneries and salvaged by the strand from waste heaps and the combs of long-haired women, hair flows into the industry from many sources. Entering this strange world, Emma Tarlo tracks hair’s movement across India, Myanmar, China, Africa, the United States, Britain and Europe, meeting people whose livelihoods depend on this singular commodity. Whether its journey ends in an Afro hair fair, a Jewish wig parlour, fashion salon or hair loss clinic, hair is oddly revealing of the lives it touches.
Download or read book Forensic Genetics in the Governance of Crime written by Helena Machado and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book uses a critical sociological perspective to explore contemporary ways of reformulating the governance of crime through genetics. Through the lens of scientific knowledge and genetic technology, Machado and Granja offer a unique perspective on current trends in crime governance. They explore the place and role of genetics in criminal justice systems, and show how classical and contemporary social theory can help address challenges posed by social processes and interactions generated by the uses, meanings, and expectations attributed to genetics in the governance of crime. Cutting-edge methods and research techniques are also integrated to address crucial aspects of this social reality. Finally, the authors examine new challenges emerging from recent paradigm shifts within forensic genetics, moving away from the construction of evidence as presented in court to the production of intelligence guiding criminal investigations.
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms written by Sandeep Nema and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-08-26 with total page 1168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medications explores the administration of medications through other than the enteral route. First published in 1984 (as two volumes) and then last revised in 1993, this three-volume set presents the plethora of changes in the science and considerable advances in the technology associated with these products
Download or read book Introduction to Criminal Investigation written by Michael Birzer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The manner in which criminal investigators are trained is neither uniform nor consistent, ranging from sophisticated training protocols in some departments to on-the-job experience alongside senior investigators in others. Ideal for students taking a first course in the subject as well as professionals in need of a refresher, Introduction to Criminal Investigation uses an accessible format to convey concepts in practical, concrete terms. Topics discussed include: The history of criminal investigation in Western society Qualifications for becoming an investigator, the selection process, and ideal training requirements Crime scene search techniques, including planning and post-search debriefing Preparing effective field notes and investigative reports Interviewing and interrogating Types of evidence found at the crime scene and how to collect, package, and preserve it The contributions of forensic science to criminal investigations and the equipment used in crime labs Investigative protocol for a range of crimes, including property crimes, auto theft, arson, financial crimes, homicide, assault, sex crimes, and robbery Specialized investigations, including drug trafficking, cybercrime, and gang-related crime Legal issues involved in criminal investigations and preparing a case for trial Bringing together contributions from law enforcement personnel, academics, and attorneys, the book combines practical and theoretical elements to provide a comprehensive examination of today‘s criminal investigative process. The accessible manner in which the information is conveyed makes this an ideal text for a wide-ranging audience.
Download or read book Handbook of hair in health and disease written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hair is a major component of the body's tissue system that contributes to the individual's make up and confers a large degree of personal identity. Apart from its visible façade, hair also has a functional role. It has an unique structure and complex molecular development. The very nature of hair makes it a suitable marker for the prognosis of disease. Hair can also be used to screen for toxins and changes in the diet. However, there are currently no suitable publications available that describe hair in a rational scientific context. This handbook provides an academic approach to hair in health and disease. Divided into five sections the Handbook of Hair in Health and Disease provides an insight into hair growth and loss, molecular and cellular biology of hair, dietary toxicity and pathological history, diseases and treatments of hair, as well as shampoos and conditioners. Unique features of each chapter in this volume include relevant and useful 'Key facts' which highlight interesting or important findings of the specific subjects and 'Summary points' that will give a clear overview of the subjects treated in each chapter. The Handbook of Hair in Health and Disease will be essential to a variety of users, such as trichologists, doctors and nurses and all those interested or working within the area of hair health. This includes nutritionists and dieticians, scientific beauticians, health workers and practitioners, college and university lecturers and undergraduate and graduate students.
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Parenteral Medications written by Sandeep Nema and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-volume set of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medications is an authoritative, comprehensive reference work on the formulation and manufacture of parenteral dosage forms, effectively balancing theoretical considerations with the practical aspects of their development. As such, it is recommended for scientists and engineers in the
