Download or read book The Fire of the Gods Oppenheimer s Legacy The Evolutionary History of Nuclear Age Part 3 1970 1980 written by Rajat Narang and published by Rajat Narang. This book was released on 2024-01-23 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Book-3 of the series; based on recently declassified documents by the CIA , U.S. State Department, KGB after the end of Cold War and other international agencies; takes-off at the onset of the 1970s decade, when, after having developed deployed hundreds of ICBMs & SLBMs armed to the teeth with megaton-class thermonuclear warheads, both the U.S. as well as the U.S.S.R were faced with the urgent need to invest billions of dollars, once again, towards the development of Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Systems to protect themselves against the ICBMs. The Soviets, incredibly, had deployed around 1,000 heavy ICBMs hosting a massive & insane 6,000+ megatons worth of thermonuclear warheads, collectively posing a grave danger to the U.S. homeland as well as NATO allies while the U.S. had a clear overmatch in Heavy Bombers and SLBMs over the Soviets. The cost of development of a comprehensive ABM System to secure the entire U.S. had been pegged at $40 billion in the mid-1960s, equivalent of almost $400 billion today, which, still would have sparked another arms race between them. Both the superpowers, however, chose to instead negotiate to mutually limit the scope of the threat and shake hands which paved the way for détente and arms control agreements under SALT-I in 1972, a groundbreaking event, followed by the Helsinki Accords in 1975, which briefly altered the course of the Cold War...

Download or read book The Fire of the Gods written by Rajat Narang and published by Fire of the Gods. This book was released on 2024-01-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Book-3 of the series; based on recently declassified documents by the CIA, U.S. State Department, KGB after the end of Cold War and other international agencies; takes-off at the onset of the 1970s decade, when, after having developed deployed hundreds of ICBMs & SLBMs armed to the teeth with megaton-class thermonuclear warheads, both the U.S. as well as the U.S.S.R were faced with the urgent need to invest billions of dollars, once again, towards the development of Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Systems to protect themselves against the ICBMs. The Soviets, incredibly, had deployed around 1,000 heavy ICBMs hosting a massive & insane 6,000+ megatons worth of thermonuclear warheads, collectively posing a grave danger to the U.S. homeland as well as NATO allies while the U.S. had a clear overmatch in Heavy Bombers and SLBMs over the Soviets. The cost of development of a comprehensive ABM System to secure the entire U.S. had been pegged at $40 billion in the mid-1960s, equivalent of almost $400 billion today, which, still would have sparked another arms race between them. Both the superpowers, however, chose to instead negotiate to mutually limit the scope of the threat and shake hands which paved the way for détente and arms control agreements under SALT-I in 1972, a groundbreaking event, followed by the Helsinki Accords in 1975, which briefly altered the course of the Cold War. Other highlights of the analysis include: - 1. How the development and deployment of the SRMs-powered Minuteman missile through the 1960s was a game changer for the U.S. in the ICBM race with U.S.S.R. but created a MIRV capability gap in the 1970s? 2. How the outbreak of a potential nuclear war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union at the onset of 1970s decade would have led to a loss of at least 100 million lives across each side, which was almost half of the entire population of each nation, back then? 3. How a potential nuclear war between the two sides would have wiped out almost 1 billion people from the face of Earth collectively, which was almost a third of the world's entire population back in the late 1960s? 4. How the further development of the R-36/SS-09 ICBM by the Soviet Union briefly altered the overall strategic balance of power & nuclear advantage in favor of the Soviet Union through the 1970s? 5. How CIA salvaged & recovered the wreckage of a lost Soviet nuclear-powered submarine, equipped with nuclear-tipped ballistic missiles and torpedoes, from 16,000 ft in a clandestine, top-secret operation under the prying eyes of the Soviets in 1974? 6. How U.S.' courting of China and saber-rattling in the India-Pakistan war of 1971, in direct support of the latter, led to India's atomic detonation in 1974? 7. How the decision to develop the Neutron Bomb in the 1970s was aimed at countering a Soviet overmatch over NATO forces in conventional capabilities and armor in Europe? 8. How the application of nuclear-power for space exploration and to power near-Earth satellites was an epoch for the mankind?

Download or read book The Fire of the Gods Oppenheimer s Legacy The Evolutionary History of Nuclear Age Part I 1938 1960 written by Rajat Narang and published by Rajat Narang. This book was released on 2023-10-23 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On July 16, 1945, the 'Trinity' Test effectively brought about the transformation of the ‘American Prometheus’ into the ‘Destroyer of Worlds’ along with an expedited dawn of the nuclear age as the Laws of Physics were successfully reappraised by the Homo Sapiens. However, the initial premise and the hopeful promise of the creation of a ‘Super Weapon’ to end all wars has remained more or less a chimera for humanity even after 7+ decades of its genesis. The dawn of the nuclear age; following Trinity and the subsequent atomic bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki; unleashed the Cold War-era with nuclear weapons effectively becoming the 'Hanging Sword of Damocles’, as famously described by JFK, with the possibility of a potential nuclear catastrophe by accident, miscalculation or madness staying as a very real possibility throughout and the extinction of Homo Sapiens from planet Earth, just a matter of seconds, which fortunately was somehow averted on multiple occasions and humanity, somehow, managed to survive. Part 1 of this multi-part book series; based on recently declassified documents by the CIA , the U.S. State Department, KGB after the end of Cold War and other international agencies; focuses on the evolution of atomic age from its genesis during World War II till 1960.

Download or read book The Fire of the Gods Oppenheimer s Legacy The Evolutionary History of Nuclear Age Part 2 1960 to 1970 written by Rajat Narang and published by Rajat Narang. This book was released on 2023-12-24 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Part-2 of this multi-part series opens at the heights of the tensions of the Cold War years, in form, of the diplomatic cacophony and chaos that followed the capture of Gary Powers, the U-2 pilot, during one of the U-2 overflights over Soviet Union which brought the U.S. manned aerial surveillance program in public domain followed by the nuclear flash point of the Cuba Missile Crisis of 1962. From the heights of Cold War tensions the action moves to the depths of the oceans and takes a deep dive into the loss of two U.S. nuclear-powered submarines to the ocean floor through the 1960s decade. The ban on atmospheric nuclear testing and expansion of the nuclear club, following the addition of France and China to it overtly along with Israel’s covert ingress, come next on the radar followed by the Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963 which saved the world from the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons while also effectively limiting the scope of the nuclear arms race between the two superpowers from going towards very high-yield thermonuclear weapons. The commercialization of nuclear power and the seminal Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 were the other major highlights of the extraordinary decade of 1960-1970.

Download or read book Archaeology Anthropology and Interstellar Communication written by National Aeronautics Administration and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-09-06 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing a field that has been dominated by astronomers, physicists, engineers, and computer scientists, the contributors to this collection raise questions that may have been overlooked by physical scientists about the ease of establishing meaningful communication with an extraterrestrial intelligence. These scholars are grappling with some of the enormous challenges that will face humanity if an information-rich signal emanating from another world is detected. By drawing on issues at the core of contemporary archaeology and anthropology, we can be much better prepared for contact with an extraterrestrial civilization, should that day ever come.

Download or read book Our Common Future written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II written by Herbert Feis and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-08 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the decision to use the atomic bomb. Libraries and scholars will find it a necessary adjunct to their other studies by Pulitzer-Prize author Herbert Feis on World War II. Originally published in 1966. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Download or read book Nuclear Deterrence in the 21st Century written by Thérèse Delpech and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deterrence remains a primary doctrine for dealing with the threat of nuclear weapons in the 21st century. The author reviews the history of nuclear deterrence and calls for a renewed intellectual effort to address the relevance of concepts such as first strike, escalation, extended deterrence, and other Cold War-era strategies in today's complex world of additional superpowers, smaller nuclear powers, and nonstate actors.

Download or read book The Rise of Metallurgy in Eurasia written by Miljana Radivojević and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-12-23 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rise of Metallurgy in Eurasia is a landmark study in the evolution of early metallurgy in the Balkans. It demonstrates that far from being a rare and elite practice, the earliest metallurgy in the world was a common and communal craft activity.

Download or read book Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-28 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters. This Special Report explores the social as well as physical dimensions of weather- and climate-related disasters, considering opportunities for managing risks at local to international scales. SREX was approved and accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on 18 November 2011 in Kampala, Uganda.

Download or read book The Cambridge History of America and the World Volume 4 1945 to the Present written by David C. Engerman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-03 with total page 903 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth volume of The Cambridge History of America and the World examines the heights of American global power in the mid-twentieth century and how challenges from at home and abroad altered the United States and its role in the world. The second half of the twentieth century marked the pinnacle of American global power in economic, political, and cultural terms, but even as it reached such heights, the United States quickly faced new challenges to its power, originating both domestically and internationally. Highlighting cutting-edge ideas from scholars from all over the world, this volume anatomizes American power as well as the counters and alternatives to 'the American empire.' Topics include US economic and military power, American culture overseas, human rights and humanitarianism, third-world internationalism, immigration, communications technology, and the Anthropocene.

Download or read book Milestones in strategic arms control 1945 2000 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plugged in written by Patti M. Valkenburg and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Youth and Media -- 2 Then and Now -- 3 Themes and Theoretical Perspectives -- 4 Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers -- 5 Children -- 6 Adolescents -- 7 Media and Violence -- 8 Media and Emotions -- 9 Advertising and Commercialism -- 10 Media and Sex -- 11 Media and Education -- 12 Digital Games -- 13 Social Media -- 14 Media and Parenting -- 15 The End -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z

Download or read book Cuba written by Rex A. Hudson and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2002 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Describes and analyzes the economic, national security, political, and social systems and institutions of Cuba."--Amazon.com viewed Jan. 4, 2021.

Download or read book Tactical Nuclear Weapons and NATO Enlarged Edition written by Thomas M. Nichols and published by . This book was released on 2013-05-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "NATO has been a "nuclear" alliance since its inception. Nuclear weapons have served the dual purpose of being part of NATO military planning as well as being central to the Alliance's deterrence strategy. For over 4 decades, NATO allies sought to find conventional and nuclear forces, doctrines, and agreed strategies that linked the defense of Europe to that of the United States. Still, in light of the evolving security situation, the Alliance must now consider the role and future of tactical or non-strategic nuclear weapons (NSNWs). Two clear conclusions emerge from this analysis. First, in the more than 2 decades since the end of the Cold War, the problem itself -- that is, the question of what to do with weapons designed in a previous century for the possibility of a World War III against a military alliance that no longer exists -- is understudied, both inside and outside of government. Tactical weapons, although less awesome than their strategic siblings, carry significant security and political risks, and they have not received the attention that is commensurate to their importance. Second, it is clear that whatever the future of these arms, the status quo is unacceptable. It is past the time for NATO to make more resolute decisions, find a coherent strategy, and formulate more definite plans about its nuclear status. Consequently, decisions about the role of nuclear weapons within the Alliance and the associated supporting analysis are fundamental to the future identity of NATO. At the Lisbon Summit in Portugal in November 2010, the Alliance agreed to conduct the Deterrence and Defense Posture Review (DDPR). This effort is designed to answer these difficult questions prior to the upcoming NATO Summit in May 2012. The United States and its closest allies must define future threats and, in doing so, clarify NATO's identity, purpose, and corresponding force requirements. So far, NATO remains a "nuclear alliance," but it is increasingly hard to define what that means."--Publisher's website

Download or read book Ancient Mesopotamia written by A. Leo Oppenheim and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This splendid work of scholarship . . . sums up with economy and power all that the written record so far deciphered has to tell about the ancient and complementary civilizations of Babylon and Assyria."—Edward B. Garside, New York Times Book Review Ancient Mesopotamia—the area now called Iraq—has received less attention than ancient Egypt and other long-extinct and more spectacular civilizations. But numerous small clay tablets buried in the desert soil for thousands of years make it possible for us to know more about the people of ancient Mesopotamia than any other land in the early Near East. Professor Oppenheim, who studied these tablets for more than thirty years, used his intimate knowledge of long-dead languages to put together a distinctively personal picture of the Mesopotamians of some three thousand years ago. Following Oppenheim's death, Erica Reiner used the author's outline to complete the revisions he had begun. "To any serious student of Mesopotamian civilization, this is one of the most valuable books ever written."—Leonard Cottrell, Book Week "Leo Oppenheim has made a bold, brave, pioneering attempt to present a synthesis of the vast mass of philological and archaeological data that have accumulated over the past hundred years in the field of Assyriological research."—Samuel Noah Kramer, Archaeology A. Leo Oppenheim, one of the most distinguished Assyriologists of our time, was editor in charge of the Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute and John A. Wilson Professor of Oriental Studies at the University of Chicago.

Download or read book The Gastro Archeologist written by Jeremy Woodward and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-03 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to understand common conditions such as coeliac disease and Crohn’s disease, one must view the gut in its evolutionary context. This is the novel approach to the gut and its diseases that is adopted in this book. The first part tells the story of the evolution of the gut itself – why it came about and how it has influenced the evolution of animals ever since. The second part focuses on the evolution of immunity and how the layers of immune mechanisms are retained in the gut, resembling the strata revealed in an archeological dig. The final part, ‘The Gastro-Archeologist’, ties the first two together and highlights how understanding the gut and immune system in their evolutionary context can help us understand diseases affecting them. Ambitious in its scope but telling a unique story from a refreshingly novel perspective, the book offers an informative and enjoyable read. As the story of the gut, immunity and disease unfolds, the author aims to endow readers with the same sense of awe and excitement that the subject evokes in him. Difficult concepts are illustrated using simple and colourful analogies, and the main content is supplemented with anecdotes and unusual and amusing facts throughout the book. The book is intended for anyone with an interest in the gut, its immunity and diseases, ranging from school and college biology and biomedical students, to professionals working in the field, and to patients suffering from intestinal diseases who want to understand more about their conditions.