Download or read book The Feasibility of a Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of Fish Oil Eicosapentaenoic Acid EPA and Docosahexanoic Acid DHA on Chronic Ventilator Patients in a Long Term Acute Care Hospital LTACH Setting written by Keith A. Rosing and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: Assess the feasibility and efficacy of an ongoing randomized control trial currently in progress at the Drake Center in Cincinnati, Ohio, to determine the effects of EPA + DHA on inflammation, infections, weaning, length of stay and mortality among mechanically ventilated patients in a LTACH setting. Subjects: Thus far, there have been three patients to complete the study. All three were females, two were Caucasian and one was African American. Their ages were 58, 42, and 53. All three were diagnosed with Respiratory Failure, though each one's conditions stemmed from a different initiating event. In addition, the screening results for the first 32 patients screened for study enrollment are presented. Of these patients, 17(53%) were male, 15(47%) were female, and the average age of those patients screened who met the age criteria was 56.1" 5.99. Potential participants were assessed based on five inclusion criteria and eleven exclusion criteria. Overall, a history of ventricular tachycardia or atrial fibrillation was the most commonly indicated reason for exclusion (n=13) followed by a treatment dosage of heparin or coumadin (n=11), and an aPTT>33.5s (n=10). Study Design: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Methods: Study participants were randomized to either a study group or a placebo control group. Subjects randomized to the study group received 8g of fish oil per day in divided doses administered through enteral tube every 6 hours for 14 days. Saline was administered to those in the control group in the same manner. The primary and secondary measures being investigated in this study include the inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-8, and LTB4, infectious events, weaning, length of stay, and mortality. Results: The study records for the first three patients to complete the trial indicated that the study protocol was followed completely and appropriately. Each of the participants weaned successfully and were eventually discharged, but only one of the participants completed the study. Two dropped out upon experiencing a bad taste or bad odor that they attributed to the study medication even though only one of these participants was actually receiving fish oil. Analysis of the screening results indicated that among the males and females screened for study enrollment, males were excluded more often than females mostly due to a greater likelihood of having a history of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Conclusion: The results of this feasibility study suggest that the trial is going well and according to the research methodology mapped out previously by the researchers. There were a couple of areas that were identified as being of potential concern. These include the variation in initiating events observed among the first three participants, an all female enrollment, the enrollment of patients with a recent or current infection, and the significance of participant complaints concerning the taste/odor of the study medication.

Download or read book The Effects of Fish Oil EPA DHA on Chronic Ventilator Patients in a Long Term Acute Care Setting written by Jessica C. Harvey and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether patients in a long term acute care setting who received an enteral supplement containing EPA+DHA, would have a shorter weaning time from the ventilator, a decrease in length of hospital stay, decreased inflammatory markers, and number of infections from baseline to post-treatment compared to patients who received a placebo of normal saline solution. Methods: Nine participants who required mechanical ventilation and enteral nutrition support in a long term acute care hospital were randomized to either receive the treatment fish oil (n=5) or the placebo saline solution (n=4). Participants in the treatment group were given 8g fish oil per day through the enteral feeding tube for 14 days. Subjects randomized to the control group received a blinded saline solution for 14 days. All enteral supplement formulations were createdby a certified pharmacist. Results: There were no significant differences between the treatment and control groups in regards to time to weaning, percent of days on the ventilator, or length of hospital stay. Inflammatory markers did not significantly decrease in either group from baseline to posttreatment. There was a trend towards a lower rate of infection in the treatment group compared to the control group, however these results were not significant. Conclusion: The results of this randomized double blind clinical trial suggest that adding fish oil(EPA/DHA) to enteral formulas does not result in reduced weaning time for patients on a ventilator, decreased length of hospital stay, or markers of inflammation. Additional researchneeds to be conducted with a larger group of participants to determine whether a high dose of EPA +DHA from fish oil can decrease inflammation in this specific population.

Download or read book Identifying Putative Novel Bioactive Molecules in Fish Oil Supplements written by Al Rijjal Dana and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Fish oil (FO) supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids (u03c9-3 FAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the two major components to which health benefits of FO are generally attributed. FO supplements enriched with u03c9-3 FAs are prescribed to metabolic syndrome patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia to decrease their triglyceride levels. In contrary to FOu2019s beneficial effect on lipid metabolism, increased FO consumption is associated with an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). We have recently discovered that 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanopropanoic acid (CMPF), a furan fatty acid (FuFA) metabolite, was found to be the major metabolite produced from FO consumption in humans. CMPF along with EPA and DHA are elevated in the serum of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) patients. Elevated CMPF levels can cause beta cell dysfunction shown as impaired glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in mice. Therefore, whether the effects of EPA and DHA at levels seen in GDM could impair glucose homeostasis and lead to the transition of GDM to T2D is yet to be determined.Aim: The objective of this study is to determine the effects of EPA and DHA on glucose metabolism.Method: Islets isolated from mice were treated with EPA and DHA at low and high doses for 24 hours. GSIS was then performed to determine the effects of EPA and DHA on beta cell function. Animal models will be used to test the effect of EPA and DHA on glucose homeostasis in vivo. Glucose tolerance test will be performed and ex-vivo GSIS will be used to determine the long-term effects of EPA and DHA on beta cell function.Results: In vitro, mouse islets treated with EPA and DHA at lower concentrations had no difference on GSIS. In comparison, higher concentrations of EPA and DHA showed impaired GSIS indicating a dose dependent effect of FO on pancreatic beta cell function.Discussion: The preliminary results indicate an effect of increased levels of EPA and DHA on pancreatic beta cell function that is similar to the effects seen of CMPF. Upon conclusion, this study will provide a new prospective on our current understanding of the effects of fish oil supplements on glucose metabolism.

Download or read book Effects of Eicosapentanoic Acid and Docosahexanoic Acid on Mortality Across Diverse Settings written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) intake may protect from cardiovascular or all-cause mortality. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large prospective cohorts on the effects of EPA and DHA on cardiac, cardiovascular, or all-cause mortality. DESIGN: We conducted a systematic review with random effects meta-analysis and mixed effects dose-response meta-regression. Included were RCTs of EPA and DHA supplementation (>4 weeks of intervention, 6 grams per day) and large prospective cohorts (1000 people,>3 years of followup) quantifying DHA or EPA intake. RESULTS: In RCTs, the summary relative risks for all-cause mortality (17 trials, 51,264 patients) and cardiovascular mortality (14 trials, 48,500 patients) were 0.95 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.89, 1.01) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83, 0.96), respectively, with no evidence for heterogeneity. The effect of DHA and EPA was not significantly associated with population or study characteristics or supplement dose. In dose-response meta-regressions, mean EPA and DHA intake up to 0.20 grams daily was associated with decreased risk of cardiac, cardiovascular, or sudden cardiac death (odds ratio 0.64 per 0.20 grams average daily intake, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.89--data from 7 cohorts, 123,122 participants), with no significant change in risk (positive or negative) at higher mean intakes. Dose-response analyses were not statistically significant for other intake thresholds or alternative mortality definitions. CONCLUSIONS: The maximal positive effect of EPA and DHA appears to plateau at a mean daily intake of 0.20 grams. There is no evidence that the effect of EPA and DHA on mortality phenotypes differs across populations and settings.

Download or read book The Effects of the Combination of Dietary Flaxseed Oil Or Fish Oil with Cyclosporine in a Rat Cardiac Allograft Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of new immunosuppressive drugs has resulted in an improvement of short-term graft survival. Despite this achievement, long-term cardiac allograft survival has not been correspondingly improved. Cyclosporine A (CsA), an effective immunosuppressive drug, has been shown to increase the risk of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, kidney injuries and chronic rejection despite its extensive use in the clinical setting. Therefore, these side-effects of CsA, may further contribute to graft failure over long-term. Early studies have shown that fish oil may reduce side-effects of CsA. These beneficial effects of fish oil may be related to n-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Flaxseed oil is another major source of an n-3 FA, namely α-linolenic acid (ALA). However, its impact on heart transplantation has not been fully explored. The current study aimed to investigate whether dietary flaxseed oil and fish oil reduce post-transplant complications and prolong graft function in a rat cardiac allograft model. Male Fischer and Lewis rats were used as donors and recipients, respectively, to generate a heterotopic cardiac allograft model. After transplant, animals were randomly assigned into 3 groups and fed a diet supplemented with: a) 5% w/w safflower oil (control n=7), b) 5% w/w flaxseed oil (n=8) or c) 2% w/w fish oil (n=7) and an intraperitoneal injection of cyclosporine A (CsA) (1.5 mg/kg/d) over 12 weeks. Body weight, blood pressure P), plasma levels of lipids, CsA, and select cytokines, fatty acid profile of hearts (native and graft) and liver tissues as well as graft function and chronic rejection features were assessed. Body weight and blood CsA levels were similar among the groups. As compared to controls, both diet treated groups demonstrated a significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p

Download or read book The Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Inflammation Markers in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients written by Erika Deike and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the daily consumption of fish oil, containing 2.4g of n-3 fatty acids (1400 mg Eicosapentaenoic acid + 1000 mg Docosahexaenoic acid), on pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1[beta], IL-6, and TNF-[alpha] for 8 weeks in CKD patients, stages 2-5. One prevalent characteristic of all stages of CKD is excessive production of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Fish oil supplementation has been claimed to lower the levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines, and as a result decrease the severity of inflammatory diseases. The benefits of fish oil supplementation for an extensive range of populations and a variety of health concerns are apparent, yet the anti-inflammatory benefits for stages 2-5 CKD patients are not as well documented. Consequently, continued studies in this area are clearly needed. Thirty-one individuals completed the current study, with 17 subjects in the fish oil group, while 14 subjects were included in the comparison group (safflower oil). Separate Repeated Measures ANOVAs were used to measure changes in the primary outcome variables using a 2 (fish oil or safflower oil) x 2 (time points) design. Significance level was set at p [less-than or equal to] 0.05. The results of this study showed that fish oil supplementation does not decrease plasma pro-inflammatory markers TNF-[alpha], IL-6, and IL-1[beta] in CKD patients, stages 2-5. The analysis of TNF-[alpha] levels revealed no significant difference across time (p = 0.92) or between groups (p = 0.94). However, there was a group by time interaction, (p = 0.03). The analysis between IL-6 levels and treatment resulted in no significant difference across time (p = 0.30), between groups (p = 0.15), nor was there a significant group by time interaction with the trends across time differing by group membership (p = 0.82). Finally, the analysis between treatment and IL-1[beta] resulted in no significant difference in IL-1[beta] levels across time (p = 0.17), between groups (p = 0.26) nor treatment-by-time interaction either (p = 0.44). The supplementation of fish oil was not found to decrease markers of inflammation, but did demonstrate that a short-term administration of fish oil is well-tolerated by CKD patients, stages 2-5. But, further investigation is essential to better define the long-term impact of fish oil supplementation in this high-risk population.