Download or read book The Fate and Transport of Wastewater Human Pathogenic Viruses and Their Surrogate Bacterial Viruses in Soil written by Farhad Ghodrati and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wastewater Pathogens written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-10-28 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical guide to wastewater pathogens The fourth volume in Wiley's Wastewater Microbiology series, Wastewater Pathogens offers wastewater personnel a practical guide that is free of overly technical jargon. Designed especially for operators, the text provides straight facts on the biology of treatment as well as appropriate protective measures. Coverage includes: * An overview of relevant history, hazards, and organisms * Viruses, bacteria, and fungi * Protozoa and helminthes * Ectoparasites and rodents * Aerosols, foam, and sludge * Disease transmission and the body's defenses * Removal, inactivation, and destruction of pathogens * Hygiene measures, protective equipment, and immunizations
Download or read book Human Viruses In Sediments Sludges Soils written by V. Chalapati Rao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1991, this book conducts a systematic analysis of information regarding the viral effects of sediments, sludges, and soils on humans. Industrial manufacturers, health professionals, governmental agencies and others concerned with the effects of chemical waste on human populations should consider this book essential reading.
Download or read book Soil based Wastewater Treatment written by Jose A. Amador and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our book addresses the needs of practitioners, engineers, scientists, regulators, resource managers, planners, and others with a need to know about septic systems. It arose after discussions about the need for a text that integrated current understanding of the hydrologic, physical, chemical, and biological processes involved in the treatment of wastewater using soil. In our experience, people working with septic systems – ourselves included – have a fragmented understanding of what these systems are, how they function, how wastewater moves through soil, how and which pollutants are removed, and how these systems impact the environment and public health. The relevant information is scattered across disciplines, information sources and audiences. This book is an attempt to collect and integrate this information in one place, and provide a scientific framework for understanding soil-based wastewater treatment.
Download or read book Investigation of Physical Characteristics Impacting Fate and Transport of Viral Surrogates in Water Systems written by Abigail Jonelle Charest and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A multi-scale approach was used to investigate the occurrence and physical characteristics of viral surrogates in water systems. This approach resulted in a methodology to quantify the dynamics and physical parameters of viral surrogates, including bacteriophages and nanoparticles. Physical parameters impacting the occurrence and survival of viruses can be incorporated into models that predict the levels of viral contamination in specific types of water. Multiple full-scale water systems (U.S., Italy and Australia) were tested including surface water, drinking water, stormwater and wastewater systems. Water quality parameters assessed included viral markers (TTV, polyomavirus, microviridae and adenovirus), bacteriophages (MS2 and [phi]X-174), and coliforms (total coliforms and E. coli). In this study, the lack of correlations between adenovirus and that of bacterial indicators suggests that these bacterial indicators are not suitable as indicators of viral contamination. In the wastewater samples, microviridae were correlated to the adenovirus, polyomavirus, and TTV. While TTV may have some qualities which are consistent with an indicator such as physical similarity to enteric viruses and occurrence in populations worldwide, the use of TTV as an indicator may be limited as a result of the detection occurrence. The limitations of TTV may impede further analysis and other makers such as coliphages, and microviridae may be easier to study in the near future. Batch scale adsorption tests were conducted. Protein-coated latex nanospheres were used to model bacteriophages (MS2 and [phi]X-174) and includes a comparison of the zeta potentials in lab water, and two artificial groundwaters with monovalent and divalent electrolytes. This research shows that protein-coated particles have higher average log10 removals than uncoated particles. Although, the method of fluorescently labeling nanoparticles may not provide consistent data at the nanoscale. The results show both that research on viruses at any scale can be difficult and that new methodologies are needed to analyze virus characteristics in water systems. A new dynamic light scattering methodology, area recorded generalized optical scattering (ARGOS) method, was developed for observing the dynamics of nanoparticles, including bacteriophages MS2 and [phi]X-174. This method should be further utilized to predict virus fate and transport in environmental systems and through treatment processes. While the concentration of MS2 is higher than [phi]X-174 as demonstrated by relative total intensity, the RMSD shows that the dynamics are greater and have more variation in [phi]X-174 than MS2 and this may be a result of the hydrophobic nature of [phi]X-174. Relationships such as these should be further explored, and may reflect relationships such as particle bonds or hydrophobicity.
Download or read book The Fate of Wastewater Bacteria and Viruses in the Soil written by Charles P. Gerba and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Integrative Study on the Transport and Fate of Wastewater Microorganisms in the Subsurface and the Effects of Air water Interfacial Forces on the Fate of Bacterial Viruses in Dynamics Aqueous Batch Systems written by Shawn Scott Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Viruses and Wastewater Treatment written by M. Goddard and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-12-04 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viruses and Wastewater Treatment covers the proceedings of the International Symposium on Viruses and Wastewater Treatment. The book presents studies that deal primarily with the virological aspect of water sanitation. The topics covered in the selection include methods for studying virus in waste waters, such as virus recovery from wastewater using microfiberglass filters and rapid detection of enteroviruses in water by a quantitative fluorescent antibody technique. The text also covers topics about post-treatment of waste waters, which includes fate of viruses following land application of sewage sludge and virus survival in wastewater treated soils. The book will be of great use to individuals involved in the research, development, and implementation of water treatment technology.
Download or read book Human Viruses in Water Wastewater and Soil written by WHO Scientific Group on Human Viruses in Water, Wastewater, and Soil and published by . This book was released on 1979-01-01 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Movement and Longevity of Viruses in the Subsurface written by Ann Azadpour-Keeley and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fate of Bacteria and Viruses in Sewage Applied to Soil written by J. C. Lance and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Application of Wastewater written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One mode of land application of wastewater, rapid infiltration (RI), was studied to determine if significant quantities of specific microbiological and chemical wastewater constituents could percolate into the ground water. The RI site selected for study had been in operation for over 30 years. Primary sewage effluent was used for rapid infiltration/percolation. Results indicated that neither renovated (replacement of top 3-4 feet of soil) nor unrenovated RI cell soils were capable of adsorbing viruses from primary effluent. Tracer bacteriophage penetrated into the ground water along with the percolating wastewater. The tracer and indigenous enteroviruses were sporadically detected in the ground water at horizontal distances up to 600 feet from the application point. Enteric indicator bacteria were readily concentrated on the soil surface, principally by filtration. A comparison of heavy metals and total organic carbon in the upper soil layers of renovated and unrenovated cells revealed their accumulation at the soil surface. The high metal and organic carbon concentrations disappeared from this layer after prolonged cessation of wastewater application.
Download or read book Survival of Foodborne Viruses in Soil Amendments and Subsequent Interaction with Fresh Produce written by Jie Wei and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fresh produce has been increasingly associated with outbreaks of foodborne illness caused by human enteric viruses. Viruses are shed in human feces and can contaminate leafy greens through soil amendments and irrigation water. The usage of manure and biosolids on farmland increases the potential dissemination of human pathogen into agricultural environments. Among enteric viruses, human norovirus and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are leading foodborne pathogens causing non-bacterial gastroenteritis, and adenovirus is an important human pathogen also responsible for enteric illness. All three viruses are transmitted through the fecal-oral route and are prevalent in water and soil throughout the environment. The survival of three viruses in different types of biosolids and animal manure was evaluated. Murine norovirus-1 (MNV, a widely used surrogate of human norovirus), HAV and adenovirus type 41 (Ad41) were able to maintain viability in solid manure and biosolids after 60 days at both 20 and 4°C. However, all three viruses were inactivated quickly in liquid dairy manure and almost lost infectivity immediately in alkaline treated biosolids. Virus survival in manure and biosolids is virus and manure type dependent, e.g. aluminum sulfate added to poultry litter during the processing could inactivate HAV to some extent, but had no effect on MNV. Overall, enteric viruses were able to survive in manure and biosolids and thus application of soil amendments on farmlands may pose a risk to crop contamination. Contaminated water used in irrigation or washing of fresh produce is a means of contamination, and was studied here on leafy greens. Pure MNV or MNV in manure/biosolids were suspended in buffer and used to wash Romaine lettuce. Virus was detected on lettuce after 5 min of washing and MNV in animal manure had similar attachment as pure virus; however, a significantly higher viral quantity was found on lettuce washed with buffer containing MNV in biosolids. Confocal microscopy showed that MNV was on lettuce surface, inside cut leaves and occasionally within the stomata. In general, water contaminated with run-off from biosolids could increase the viral contamination of produce during the washing process and virus inside cut leaves or stomata may be protected from sanitization and thus increase the risk of foodborne illness. Environmental contamination was assessed as if there was a flooding event with a high amount of contamination or if a lower amount of contamination in water was applied consistently over a period of time. Romaine lettuce was grown hydroponically or in soil and challenged with MNV via contaminated irrigation water. Again virus was detected in lettuce leaves under both conditions, with both high and low inoculums. Although only a few viral particles were still infectious, contamination through root uptake could still occur. Good agricultural practices are important to protect the plant and crops in the field as well as well managed and maintained soil and water systems. Soil amendments must be well treated and composted as suggested by the USEPA to reduce microbial pathogens of fecal origin. Both MNV and Aichi virus, a Picornavirus closely related to hepatitis A virus, were inactivated in composted dairy manure achieving temperatures of more than 55°C for 3 days. Ad41 was more heat resistant compared to the other two viruses, but still lost infectivity during the composting processing. The treatment of manure and biosolids is critical to prevent spread of pathogens and composting is an efficient method for viral inactivation and reduction.
Download or read book Quantifying Viruses and Bacteria in Wastewater written by Donna S. Francy and published by Geological Survey (USGS). This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantifying viruses and bacteria in wastewater written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Master s Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Download or read book Pathogenic Microorganisms and Viruses in Groundwater written by Steffen Krauss and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
