Download or read book The Failure System The Role of External Actors in the Somali State Collapse written by Marcel Lossi and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-11 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Africa, grade: 1,3, Helmut Schmidt University - University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg (Internationale Politik), language: English, abstract: 1. Introduction Since the fall of the Barre regime in 1991, Somalia has been the most profound and outstanding example of state failure not only in Africa but the entire world. For almost 20 years Somalia has been lost in a vicious circle which the author of this paper calls "the failure system". It is a system of mutually reinforcing factors consisting of clan violence and a corresponding history of real or imagined marginalisation, the establishment of war economics, various jihads and last but not least the interference of a multitude of external actors. The question of this bachelor thesis is: What role did external actors take in the process of state failure in Somalia? My hypothesis is, that the Somali state collapse cannot be seen as a purely internal phenomenon but rather as a layered systemic process that has been influenced by external actors on a massive scale. The main purpose of this bachelor thesis is to outline the role of external actors in the Somali state collapse. Albeit the focus of this work is clearly the external dimension of this conflict, we shall not neglect the internal actors and factions in Somalia. Especially after the Ethiopian invasion of 2006 and the begin of the international anti-pirate mission at the Horn of Africa a whole pile of scientific literature has been written on external actors and their strategic motivations in Somalia. But usually these publications only focus on the external actors and their motivations without appropriately addressing internal dynamics. In order to bridge the gap of understanding between the layers of internal and external conflict dimensions, this work tries to create a holistic and systemic big picture view of the Somali state collapse by outlining historica

Download or read book The Role Of External Actors in The Somali Civil War written by Barbara Maingon and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Somalia has been torn by civil war for more than 2 decades now. Since the collapse of the state in 1991, no legitimate solution was found to end the war. Although the internal clan system is often seen as the cause of instability in Somalia, it is not the unique source of conflict nor has it been the main driving force of the war for more than 20 years. During the Cold War, solutions to clan divisions were tried by the communist regime of Siad Barre, but failed. Since the start of the war, the international community has tried to implement its solutions to the problem as well, but without success. In fact, the more the external actors have got involved in the crisis, the more violent it became. By looking at the different interventions conducted by the international actors in the conflict, it is possible to determine the role that external actors have played in the intensification and the prolongation of the crisis. The results of this study show that international actors in the conflict, by intervening and pressing already made-up solutions fitting their own interests, have exacerbated the divisions between the Somali people, and between the Somali society and the rest of the world, therefore encouraging violence and resentment. This research also demonstrates that the implementation of foreign solutions to settle the Somali conflict has neither been valid nor successful, and that a more comprehensive approach needs to be taken in order for the Somali people to establish a legitimate society for themselves.

Download or read book Somalia A Model for Collapsed State written by Madeleine Pfeiffer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-01-13 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: 2,3, University of Potsdam (Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät ), course: State Failure, Crisis, and Conflict Management, language: English, abstract: Nation-states are more numerous than they were half a century ago. In 1919 there were fifty-nine nation-states. In 1950 that number climbed up to sixty-nine. A decade later, after much of Africa gained independence, the number of nation-states reached ninety. The constant increase of independences in Africa, Asia and the Oceanic territories in addition to the implosion of the Soviet Union, have brought the total number of nation states in 2002 up to 192. Given these explosive numbers, the indigenous fragility of many of the new states and the inherent navigational dangers of the post Cold War economic and political surroundings, the possibility of failure among some of these new nation-states remains ever present.1Because they can no longer provide positive political goods to their citizens, nationstates fail. The government respectively the nation-state itself becomes illegitimate. At the moment only a few of the worlds nationstates are categorized as failed or collapsed. In spite of that, several dozen are weak and walking at the edge of failure. The aftermath of 9/11 led to the assumption that failed states harbour nonstate actors like warlords and terrorists which makes it necessary to understand the drivers and dynamics of nation state failure for the war on terrorism. This paper is an attempt to analyze which factors have led to the crisis of state collapse in Somalia and why does state collapse continue to be the order of the day? The first part of the paper is supposed to give an overview of Rotberg’s classification of state failure and state collapse. It will provide some general definitions and presents the indicators of the above mentioned terms The second part examines the Somali situation of collapsed state mostly in a chronological order. In a conclusion at the end, the question of prolonged state collapse in Somalia will be summarized.

Download or read book DIIS Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Somalia State Collapse and the Threat of Terrorism written by Ken Menkhaus and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work explores Somalia's state collapse and the security threats posed by Somalia's prolonged crisis. Communities are reduced to lawlessness, and the interests of commercial elites have shifted towards rule of law, but not a revived central state. Terrorists have found Somalia inhospitable, using it mainly for short-term transshipment.

Download or read book Somalia at the Crossroads written by Abdulahi A. Osman and published by Adonis & Abbey Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the fall of the Siad Bare regime in Somalia in 1991 and the fratricidal war that it unleashed in its wake, Somalia has been without an effective central government. Instead, warlords and their armed bandits have been controlling different parts of the country, with the former British colony of northern Somaliland unilaterally proclaiming its independence. Developments in the country since the recent transitional government was set up in 2004 have, however, presented both opportunities and challenges for the country. While much has been reported about the prevailing situation in the country, there has been a paucity of research articulating the various perspectives and challenges in the efforts to reconstitute Somalia's failed state. This book hopes to contribute in filling this gap. Contributors to the volume examine the various issues that lie behind the current situation in Somalia, seeking answers to a number of crucial questions: Why did the Somali state fail? What role did external actors and the internal configurations of the Somalis' socio-political structure play in the state collapse? Did the various peace and reconciliation conferences really achieve anything? Should Somalia be reconstituted as one state or should more than one state be allowed to emerge from the ashes of the collapsed state? What is the way forward out of the current imbroglio in Somalia? ________________________________________________________ Dr Abdulahi A. Osman currently teaches comparative politics and African politics at the Department of International Affairs and African Studies Institute, at the University of Georgia, USA. His teaching and research interests include African politics, governance, regional and international studies, peace and conflict, internal security and wars, comparative governments in the Third World. He has published several book chapters and articles in scholarly journals, including African Renaissance and Journal of Ethno-Development. Issaka K. Souaré is a PhD candidate in the department of political science at the Université du Québec à Montréal (Canada). A Contributing Editor to the London-based review journal, African Renaissance, he is the author of numerous publications relating to Africa, including Africa in the United Nations System, 1945-2005 (London, 2006); Civil Wars and Coups d'État in West Africa (Lanham, 2006), and the novel, Samassi (London, 2004).

Download or read book State and Societal Challenges in the Horn of Africa written by Collectif and published by Centro de Estudos Internacionais. This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings to fruition the research done during the CEA-ISCTE project ‘’Monitoring Conflicts in the Horn of Africa’’, reference PTDC/AFR/100460/2008. The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) provided funding for this project. The chapters are based on first-hand data collected through fieldwork in the region’s countries between 4 January 2010 and 3 June 2013. The project’s team members and consultants debated their final research findings in a one-day Conference at ISCTE-IUL on 29 April 2013. The following authors contributed to the project’s final publication: Alexandra M. Dias, Alexandre de Sousa Carvalho, Aleksi Ylönen, Ana Elisa Cascão, Elsa González Aimé, Manuel João Ramos, Patrick Ferras, Pedro Barge Cunha and Ricardo Real P. Sousa.

Download or read book The Somali Conflict written by Mark Bradbury and published by Oxfam Working Papers. This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper aims at identifying practical ways in which NGOs might contribute to the peacemaking process in Somalia and Somaliland. It covers the Somali Civil War up to October 1993. The author believes that Somalia has become a testing ground for the UN, the U.S. and NGOs, a theatre in which many ideas pertinent to a possible future world order are being worked out. He believes the heart of the challenge is how humanitarian agencies learn to respond to the results of armed conflict in complex and protracted emergencies. A wide range of suggestions is offered to NGOs. They need to recognise that peacemaking is a long term process and should consider sponsoring research into the causes and impact of the Somali conflict. UN efforts have failed because they represented external intervention rather than a Somali initiative, so NGOs may need to get involved on a political level. They could assist by promoting "peacemaking" rather than "peace enforcement", for example, by advocating an enquiry into human rights abuses by UN personnel and by Somali warlords. Peacemaking needs to address the underlying causes of conflict- in Somalia land ownership and land use is a significant source of conflict and this is another area where NGOs could usefully focus resources. Finally, the author considers that peacemaking and development can usefully be seen as similar processes, both of which benefit from a participatory approach. Thus NGOs have an important role to play in promoting local initiatives.

Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Download or read book Why States Recover written by Greg Mills and published by Hurst. This book was released on 2015-01-03 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State failure takes many forms. Somalia offers one extreme. The country's prolonged civil war led to the collapse of central authority, with state control devolving to warlord-led factions that competed for the spoils of local commerce, political power, and international aid. Malawi, on the other hand, is at the other end of the scale. During President Bingu's second term in office, the country's economy collapsed as a result of poor policies and Bingu's brand of personal politics. On the surface, Malawi's economy seemed largely stable; underneath, however, the polity was fractured and the economy broken. In between these two extremes of state failure are all manner of examples, many of which Mills explores in the fascinating and profoundly personal Why States Recover. Throughout he returns to his key questions: how do countries recover? What roles should both insiders and outsiders play to aid that process? Drawing on research in more than thirty countries, and incorporating interviews with a dozen leaders, Mills examines state failure and identifies instances of recovery in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. For anyone interested in the reasons behind states' failure, and remedies to ensure future economic stability, it is important reading.

Download or read book The Resolution of African Conflicts written by Alfred G. Nhema and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "These two volumes clearly demonstrate the efforts by a wide range of African scholars to explain the roots, routes, regimes and resolution of African conflicts and how to re-build post-conflict societies. They offer sober and serious analyses, eschewing the sensationalism of the western media and the sophistry of some of the scholars in the global North for whom African conflicts are at worst a distraction and at best a confirmation of their pet racist and petty universalist theories." --From the introduction by Paul Tiyambe Zeleza This book offers analyses of a range of African conflicts and demonstrates that peace is too important to be left to outsiders.

Download or read book The International Dimensions of Internal Conflict written by Michael Edward Brown and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal conflicts threaten many countries and regions globally. The first part of this book examines the sources of internal conflicts and the ways these may affect neighbouring states and the international community. The second part covers specific problems, policy instruments and key actors.

Download or read book New and Old Wars written by Mary Kaldor and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Society Security Sovereignty and the State in Somalia written by Maria Brons and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of internal dynamics of the Somali conflict and the relation between state and society, taking society and not the state as main reference point. Includes a discussion of UN / UNHCRs involvement in assistance to refugees in the special Somali situation of statelessness.

Download or read book Al shabaab And Boko Haram Guerrilla Insurgency Or Strategic Terrorism written by John Maszka and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boko Haram is now the deadliest 'terrorist' organization operational in the world, by virtue of the sheer number of people the group have killed. Together with al-Shabaab, the two groups account for a substantial amount of carnage on the African continent. Analyzed here are the ideologies of these two infamous organizations. Utilizing information from breadcrumbs that they leave behind, in videos, media releases and various correspondence, this book searches for clues within the historical and contemporary social context that explain their existence. It explores the ideological roots the two organizations share and examines the goals and objectives of each group in order to calculate the nature of the threat posed in the broader international realm. It is argued that through applying strategic theory, and specifically the concept of strategic terrorism, it is possible to form a deeper understanding of two of the most dangerous militant organizations in operation today.

Download or read book International Journal of Economic and Political Integration written by Siddhartha Sarkar and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Clausewitz and African War written by Isabelle Duyvesteyn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-09-30 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil, diamonds, timber, food aid - just some of the suggestions put forward as explanations for African wars in the past decade. Another set of suggestions focuses on ethnic and clan considerations. These economic and ethnic or clan explanations contend that wars are specifically not fought by states for political interests with mainly conventional military means, as originally suggested by Carl von Clausewitz in the 19th century. This study shows how alternative social organizations to the state can be viewed as political actors using war as a political instrument.