Download or read book The Exodus from Egypt Archaeological Data and Expectations written by Joel D. Klenck and published by S.R. Press, LLC. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Exodus from Egypt has been as source of controversy for millennia as different groups of scholars have debated both the historicity and the date of the event. Due to a lack of Egyptian inscriptions that mention the Exodus, during the 15th Century B.C., most scholars have abandoned the Biblical timeline, shifted the event to another period, attempted to radically change Egyptian chronologies, or declared the event a myth or fabrication. This manuscript compares the timelines of the Biblical narrative and Conventional Egyptian chronologies and reviews data from archaeological, bioanthropological, philological, and historical sources in Egypt and Canaan. The analysis suggests that the Exodus occurred as the Biblical narrative suggests, in the 15th Century B.C., specifically during the reign of Thutmose II.
Download or read book The Exodus written by Peter Feinman and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Did the Exodus occur? This question has been asked in biblical scholarship since its origin as a modern science. The desire to resolve the question scientifically was a key component in the funding of archaeological excavations in the nineteenth century. Egyptian archaeologists routinely equated sites with their presumed biblical counterpart. Initially, it was taken for granted that the Exodus had occurred. It was simply a matter of finding the archaeological data to prove it. So far, those results have been for naught. The Exodus: An Egyptian Story takes a very real-world approach to understanding the Exodus. It is not a story of cosmic spectaculars that miraculously or coincidentally occurred when a people prepared to leave Egypt. There are no special effects in the telling of this story. Instead, the story is told with real people in the real world doing what real people do. Peter Feinman does not rely on the biblical text and is not trying to prove that the Bible is true. He places the Exodus within Egyptian history based on the Egyptian archaeological record. It is a story of the rejection of the Egyptian cultural construct and defiance of Ramses II. Egyptologists, not biblical scholars, are the guides to telling the Exodus story. What would you expect Ramses II to say after he had been humiliated? If there is an Egyptian smoking gun for the Exodus, how would you recognize it? To answer these questions requires us to take the Exodus seriously as a major event at the royal level in Egyptian history.
Download or read book Israel in Egypt written by James K. Hoffmeier and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1999-03-18 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars of the Hebrew Bible have in the last decade begun to question the historical accuracy of the Israelite sojourn in Egypt, as described in the book of Exodus. The reason for the rejection of the exodus tradition is said to be the lack of historical and archaeological evidence in Egypt. Those advancing these claims, however, are not specialists in the study of Egyptian history, culture, and archaeology. In this pioneering book, James Hoffmeier examines the most current Egyptological evidence and argues that it supports the biblical record concerning Israel in Egypt.
Download or read book Exodus written by William G. Dever and published by Eisenbrauns. This book was released on 1997 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few events have shaped Jewish and Christian tradition more than the Exodus from Egypt - and few have been as controversial for historians. The emphasis in the past has been on understanding the Exodus in light of Israelite history and Israelite origins. This book - a collection of six papers given at a conference at Brown University - looks at new evidence of the Exodus: the Egyptian evidence.
Download or read book The Lost City of the Exodus written by Ahmed Osman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2014-03-24 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent archaeological findings confirm Osman’s 25-year-old discovery of the location of the city of the Exodus • Explains why modern scholars have been unable to find the city of the Exodus: they are looking in the wrong historical period and thus the wrong region of Egypt • Details the author’s extensive research on Hebrew scriptures and ancient Egyptian texts and records, which allowed him to pinpoint the Exodus site • Reveals his effort to have his finding confirmed by the Egyptian government, including his debates with Zahi Hawass, Egyptian Minister for Antiquities Affairs When the first archaeologists visited Egypt in the late 1800s, they arrived in the eastern Nile Delta to verify the events described in the biblical Book of Exodus. Several locations believed to be the city of the Exodus were found but all were later rejected for lack of evidence. This led many scholars to dismiss the Exodus narrative merely as a myth that borrowed from accounts of the Hyksos expulsion from Egypt. But as Ahmed Osman shows, the events of Exodus have a historical basis and the ruins of the ancient city of Zarw, where the Road to Canaan began, have been found. Drawing on decades of research as well as recent archaeological findings in Egypt, Ahmed Osman reveals the exact location of the lost city of the Exodus as well as his 25-year effort to have this finding confirmed by the Egyptian government, including his heated debates with Zahi Hawass, former Egyptian Minister for Antiquities Affairs. He explains why modern scholars have been unable to find the city of the Exodus: they are looking in the wrong historical period and thus the wrong region of Egypt. He details his extensive research on the Pentateuch of the Hebrew scriptures, the historical scenes recorded in the great hall of Karnak, and other ancient source texts, which allowed him to pinpoint the Exodus site after he discovered that the Exodus happened not during the pharaonic reign of Ramses II but during that of his grandfather Ramses I. Osman concluded that the biblical city of the Exodus was to be found at Tell Heboua at the ruins of the fortified city of Zarw, the royal city of Ramses I--far from the Exodus locations theorized by previous archaeologists and scholars. In 2012, after 20 years of archaeological work, the location of Zarw was confirmed by Egyptian officials exactly where Osman said it would be 25 years ago. Thus, Osman shows that, time and again, if we take the creators of the source texts at their word, they will prove to be right.
Download or read book The Soldier over Here written by and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Judaism written by Dan Cohn-Sherbok and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This newly revised all-encompassing textbook is a guide to the history, beliefs and practice of Judaism. Beginning with the ancient Near Eastern background, it covers early Israelite history, the emergence of classical rabbinic literature and the rise of medieval Judaism in Islamic and Christian lands. It also includes the early modern period and the development of Jewry in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Extracts from primary sources are used throughout to enliven the narrative and provide concrete examples of the rich variety of Jewish civilization. Specially designed to assist learning, Judaism: • Introduces texts and commentaries, including the Hebrew Bible, rabbinic texts, mystical literature, Jewish philosophy and Jewish theology • Provides the skills necessary to understand these step-by-step with the help of a companion website • Explains how to interpret the major events in nearly four thousand years of Jewish history • Supports study with discussion questions on the central historical and religious issues, and includes key reading for each chapter, an extensive glossary and index • Illustrates the development of Judaism, its concepts, observances and culture, with maps, photos, paintings and engravings • Links each chapter to a free companion website at www.routledge.com/cw/cohnsherbok which provides things to think about, things to do and tips for teachers as well as other online resources
Download or read book Out of the Desert written by William H. Stiebing and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2012-07-03 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two of the best-known stories in the Bible are those of Moses leading his people out of Egypt and Joshua's conquest of the Promised Land. Indeed, they form one of the cornerstones of the Judeo-Christian tradition. But is the Bible a reliable source of information for Israel's early history? Are the Exodus and Conquest actual historical events? And if they are, when and where did they occur? Out of the Desert? rigorously examines accounts of these historic events and traces the authenticity, dates, and explanations for the Israelites' departure from Egypt and subsequent conquest of Canaan. Clarifying these events in a straightforward, informative manner, Out of the Desert? includes a generous number of charts and illustrations. William H. Stiebing, Jr. places the Exodus within its cultural context during the beginning of the Iron Age (1200-1100 B.C.), a time of drought, famine and collapse of social order, which gave way to the emergence and dominance of the tribes that joined forces to become the confederation of Israel. Many conventional ideas concerning the Exodus and Conquest are radically challenged in Out of the Desert?. Stiebing's accounts of archaeological digs and rival theories make the narrative lively and engrossing; his unique insight into the field of modern archaeology provides a rare glimpse into the wonders of man's history.
Download or read book Did I Not Bring Israel Out of Egypt written by James K. Hoffmeier and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2016-05-12 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hebrew Scriptures consider the exodus from Egypt to be Israel’s formative and foundational event. Indeed, the Bible offers no other explanation for Israel’s origin as a people. It is also true that no contemporary record regarding a man named Moses or the Israelites generally, either living in or leaving Egypt has been found. Hence, many biblical scholars and archaeologists take a skeptical attitude, dismissing the exodus from the realm of history. However, the contributors to this volume are convinced that there is an alternative, more positive approach. Using textual and archaeological materials from the ancient Near East in a comparative way, in conjunction with the Torah’s narratives and with other biblical texts, the contributors to this volume (specialists in ancient Egypt, ancient Near Eastern culture and history, and biblical studies) maintain that the reports in the Hebrew Bible should not be cavalierly dismissed for ideological reasons but, rather, should be deemed to contain authentic memories.
Download or read book The God of Egypt Second Edition Placing the Biblical Exodus in Egyptian History written by Pamela Dawn O'Neal and published by Broken Oak Publishing. This book was released on 2021-01-15 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Did the Israelites ever sojourn in Egypt as the Bible describes? Most archaeologists would say no, mostly because they prefer to relegate the Bible to a collection of myths, and not as reputable as those from other civilizations. Indeed, most books in academia today maintain that there is no evidence of Hebrews ever living in Egypt, so the Exodus never happened. But if one considers the Bible as accurate history, and then compares it to recorded Egyptian history, one finds that event after event follows in chronological order, and the archaeological evidence is there to support both sides of the story for over five hundred years. This book, THE GOD OF EGYPT, presents a theory that the histories of Egypt and Israel follow a synchronous timeline, one that is based on the Bible and ancient Egyptian evidence. Decades of research paint a very different picture of events in ancient Egypt than do most other publications.
Download or read book The Date of the Exodus in the Light of External Evidence written by James William Jack and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Riddle of the Exodus written by James D. Long and published by . This book was released on 2006-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Pharaoh of the Exodus Fairy tale or real history written by Gerard Gertoux and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2017-02-10 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For Egyptologists as well as archaeologists, and even now Bible scholars, the answer to the question: Who was the pharaoh of the Exodus, the answer is obvious: there was nobo because the biblical story was a myth (Dever: 2003, 233). Consequently, who to believe: Moses or Egyptologists? Several scholars (Finkelstein, Dever and others) posit that the Exodus narrative may have developed from collective memories of the Hyksos expulsions of Semitic Canaanites from Egypt, possibly elaborated on to encourage resistance to the 7th century domination of Judah by Egypt. For these scholars the liberation from Egypt after the "10 plagues", as it is written in the Book of Exodus, is quite different from the historical "war of liberation against the Hyksos". What are the Egyptian documents underlying this hypothesis: none, and what is the chronology of this mysterious war: nobody knows! Consequently, who to believe: Moses or Egyptologists? This study will give the answer.
Download or read book The Exodus in the Light of Archaeology written by James Simon Griffiths and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Bible Unearthed written by Israel Finkelstein and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2002-03-06 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this groundbreaking work that sets apart fact and legend, authors Finkelstein and Silberman use significant archeological discoveries to provide historical information about biblical Israel and its neighbors. In this iconoclastic and provocative work, leading scholars Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman draw on recent archaeological research to present a dramatically revised portrait of ancient Israel and its neighbors. They argue that crucial evidence (or a telling lack of evidence) at digs in Israel, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon suggests that many of the most famous stories in the Bible—the wanderings of the patriarchs, the Exodus from Egypt, Joshua’s conquest of Canaan, and David and Solomon’s vast empire—reflect the world of the later authors rather than actual historical facts. Challenging the fundamentalist readings of the scriptures and marshaling the latest archaeological evidence to support its new vision of ancient Israel, The Bible Unearthed offers a fascinating and controversial perspective on when and why the Bible was written and why it possesses such great spiritual and emotional power today.
Download or read book The Exodus Reality written by Scott Alan Roberts and published by Red Wheel/Weiser. This book was released on 2013-10-21 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “An intriguing narrative . . . A complementary blend of scripture, ancient legends, history, and archaeology, it will stir your curiosity.” —Lorraine Evans, Egyptologist and author of Burying the Dead In this groundbreaking work, the authors reexamine humanity’s most enduring account of bondage, emancipation, and freedom. The Great Exodus is the story of how one man, empowered by divine epiphany, brought the mighty ancient kingdom of Egypt to its knees. For thousands of years, this story has bolstered the faithful of three major religions, though little historical data confirms it. So the question must be asked: Did it ever really happen? Roberts, a historian and theologian, and Ward, an archaeologist, Egyptologist, and anthropologist, dig deeply into historical records to answer the most vexing questions: Is there any historical evidence for the biblical account of the Great Exodus? Was Moses a real person? Where is the Biblical Mount Sinai? What is the Ark of the Covenant, and where did it come from? Why did Moses write about the Serpent and the Nephilim? Is there a Templar and Masonic connection to the events and personages in the story? Did the Exodus take place under Amenhotep II or Amenhotep III, two pharaohs of the same royal house separated by two generations and eighty-odd years? Or were Thutmoses III, Hatshepsut, and Amenhotep Son of Hapu at the core of the action? The authors present two opposing, yet strangely interlaced historical accounts for the Exodus, naming the historical pharaohs and surprising candidates for the historical Moses. While Roberts presents an account that finds its moorings in the efficacy of scriptural historicity, Ward presents a new and completely unique theory for the Exodus and its cast of characters.
Download or read book Redating the Exodus and Conquest written by John J. Bimson and published by Continuum. This book was released on 1981 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
