Download or read book The Evolutionary Origins of Neural Crest and Placodes written by Philip Barron Abitua and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sudden appearance of neural crest and neurogenic placodes in early branching vertebrates has puzzled biologists for over a century. These embryonic tissues contribute to the development of the cranium and associated sensory organs, which were crucial for the evolution of the vertebrate head. The evolution of neural crest and neurogenic placodes has been postulated as a key event leading to the appearance of new cell types that fostered the transition from filter feeding to active predation in ancestral vertebrates. However, the evolutionary origin of neural crest and neurogenic placodes has remained obscure due to the lack of embryonic data from tunicates, the closest living relative to the vertebrates. We provide evidence that the tunicate Ciona intestinalis possesses a cephalic melanocyte lineage (a9.49) similar to neural crest that can be reprogrammed into migrating ectomesenchyme by the targeted misexpression of Twist. Our results suggest that the neural crest melanocyte regulatory network predated the divergence of tunicates and vertebrates. We propose that the co-option of mesenchyme determinants, such as Twist, into the neural plate ectoderm was crucial for the emergence of the vertebrate "new head". Furthermore, we show that Ciona intestinalis possesses a preplacodal ectoderm (PPE) that is specified by a BMP antagonist and expresses the key regulatory determinant Six1/2, a developmental program conserved across vertebrates. The Ciona PPE is shown to produce ciliated neurons that express gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a G protein-coupled receptor for relaxin-3 (RXFP3), and a functional cyclic nucleotide gated channel (CNGA), suggestive of dual chemosensory and neurosecretory activities. These observations provide the first evidence that Ciona possesses a neurogenic placode, which produces multifunctional sensory and neurosecretory cells related to those derived from olfactory placodes of vertebrates. In vertebrates, GnRH neuroblasts are first formed in the olfactory placode and use the axon tracts of chemosensory neurons to guide them to their final destination in the hypothalamus. Tracing experiments have shown that olfactory and GnRH neurons form a direct neuronal circuit. We speculate that the PPE-derived neurons in Ciona resemble an ancestral cell type, a progenitor to the complex neuronal circuit that integrates sensory information and neuroendocrine control in vertebrates.
Download or read book The Neural Crest in Development and Evolution written by Brian K. Hall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of the neural crest and neural crest cells, dealing with their discovery, their embryological and evolutionary origins, their cellular derivatives - in both agnathan and jawed vertebrates or gnathostomes - and the broad topics of migration and differentiation in normal development. The book also considers what goes wrong when development is misdirected by mutations, or by exposure of embryos to exogenous agents such as drugs, alcohol, or excess vitamin A, and includes discussions of tumours and syndromes and birth defects involving neural crest cells.
Download or read book The Neural Crest and Neural Crest Cells in Vertebrate Development and Evolution written by Brian K. Hall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-28 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A presentation of all aspects of neural crest cell origins (embryological and evolutionary) development and evolution; neural crest cell behavior (migration) and anomalies (neurocristopathies and birth defects) that arise from defective neural crest development. The treatment of development will include discussions of cellular, molecular and genetic aspects of the differentiation and morphogenesis of neural crest cells and structures derived from neural crest cells. The origins of the neural crest in embryology will be discussed using the recent information on the molecular basis of the specification of the neural crest. Also presented are the advances in our understanding of the evolution of jaws from studies on lampreys and of the neural crest from studies on ascidians and amphioxus.
Download or read book Cranial Placodes and Neural Crest Interactions in Craniofacial Development written by Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-16 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developmental and Evolutionary Aspects of the Neural Crest written by Paul F. A. Maderson and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1987-10-23 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brings together important contributions by professionals in a range of fields. Its three major sections focus on the developmental biology of the neural crest; recent advances in this area, and how current insights are contributing to our understanding of the development and organization of the nervous system; and the relationship between the neural crest and skeletal evolution. Topics discussed include interactions between cephalic neural crest and mesodermal populations, the role of tissue interactions in the evolution of the vertebrate head, tooth development in the mammalian embryo in relation to the neural crest, and much more. Extensively illustrated with over 130 pieces of artwork.
Download or read book Neural Crest and Placodes written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-02-03 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Crest and Placodes provides in-depth coverage of the topic, including information on their critical role in vertebrate development, evolution, and the way defects in their development underlie a wide range of congenital disorders. It delves deep into advances made in our understanding of the mechanisms governing the formation, migration, and differentiation of these two cell populations, also discussing their integration during embryonic development. The text highlights the application of fundamental knowledge in investigating the etiology and pathogenesis of congenital disorders and the ways the data applies to the field of regenerative medicine. Written by leading experts in the field Includes descriptions of the most recent advances in the field Highlights the applications of this knowledge in investigating the etiology and pathogenesis of congenital disorders Explores their usage in the field of regenerative medicine
Download or read book Induction and Segregation of the Vertebrate Cranial Placodes written by Byung-Yong Park and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2010-04-01 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During evolution the vertebrate head has acquired a number of unique features including specialized paired sense organs and cranial sensory ganglia. These evolutionary novelties arise from discrete thickenings of the head ectoderm known as cranial placodes. They include the adenohypophyseal, olfactory, lens, trigeminal, profundal, otic, epibranchial and lateral line placodes. While distinct in the derivatives and cell types they will form, all cranial placodes originate from a common preplacodal domain surrounding the anterior neural plate. Recent evidence suggests that the induction of this pre-placodal domain and its subsequent subdivision into individual placodes with specific identities is a multi-step process. Here we describe the development of these placodes and their derivatives and summarize recent advances in the characterization of the repertoire of transcription factors underlying their development. We also review recent studies that have started to address the role of several classes of signaling molecules in placode induction and segregation, including Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Fibroblast Growth Factors and Wnt molecules. Table of Contents: Introduction / Cranial Placodes and Their Derivatives / Molecular Identity of Cranial Placodes / Induction and Segregation of the Cranial Placodes / Conclusion / Acknowledgments / References / Author Biographies
Download or read book Evolving Neural Crest Cells written by Brian Frank Eames and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-28 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vertebrates possess lineage-specific characteristics. These include paired anterior sense organs and a robust, modular head skeleton built of cellular cartilage and bone. All of these structures are derived, at least partly, from an embryonic tissue unique vertebrates - the neural crest. The evolutionary history of the neural crest, and neural crest cells, has been difficult to reconstruct. This volume will use a comparative approach to survey the development of the neural crest in vertebrates, and neural crest-like cells, across the metazoa. This information will be used to reveal neural crest evolution and identify the genomic, genetic, and gene-regulatory changes that drove them. Key selling features: Summarizes the data regarding neural crest cells and nerural crest derivatives Uses a broad-based comparative approach Suggests hypothesis that the origin of neural crest cells involved the novel co-activation of ancient metazoan gene programs in neural border cells Illustrates how the emergences of neural crest made possible the diversification of vertebrate heads
Download or read book Evolutionary Origin of Sensory and Neurosecretory Cell Types written by Gerhard Schlosser and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most vertebrate cranial sense organs arise from placodes. These placodes give rise to sensory neurons that transmit information to the brain and neurosecretory cells. This book reviews the evolutionary origin of the sensory and neurosecretory cell types. It summarizes our current understanding of vertebrate evolution, clarifies conceptual issues relating to homology and evolutionary innovation of cell types, compares the sensory and neurosecretory cell types with similar cell types in other animals, and addresses the question of how cranial placodes evolved as novel structures in vertebrates by redeploying pre-existing and sometimes evolutionarily ancient cell types.
Download or read book Vertebrate Cranial Placodes written by GERHARD. SCHLOSSER and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-29 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the cranial sense organs of vertebrates arise from embryonic structures known as cranial placodes. Such placodes also give rise to sensory neurons that transmit information to the brain as well as to many neurosecretory cells. This book focuses on the development of sensory and neurosecretory cell types from cranial placodes by introducing the vertebrate head with its sense organs and neurosecretory organs and providing an overview of the various cranial placodes and their derivatives, including evidence of common embryonic primordia. Schlosser discusses how these primordia are established in the early embryo and how individual placodes develop. The latter chapters explain how various placodally derived sensory and neurosecretory cell types differentiate into discrete structures.
Download or read book The Neural Crest and Neural Crest Cells in Vertebrate Development and Evolution written by Brian K. Hall and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A presentation of all aspects of neural crest cell origins (embryological and evolutionary) development and evolution; neural crest cell behavior (migration) and anomalies (neurocristopathies and birth defects) that arise from defective neural crest development. The treatment of development will include discussions of cellular, molecular and genetic aspects of the differentiation and morphogenesis of neural crest cells and structures derived from neural crest cells. The origins of the neural crest in embryology will be discussed using the recent information on the molecular basis of the specification of the neural crest. Also presented are the advances in our understanding of the evolution of jaws from studies on lampreys and of the neural crest from studies on ascidians and amphioxus.
Download or read book Origin and Evolution of the Vertebrate Telencephalon with Special Reference to the Mammalian Neocortex written by Francisco Aboitiz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-20 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How could a structure as complex as the vertebrate brain develop from the simplest multicellular animals? Natural selection offers an impeccable mechanism for the gradual transformation of species, but even Darwin sometimes expressed doubts about the origin of highly complex structures. Following an approach that has been termed "developmental evolutionary genetics," this book seeks to establish a correspondence between embryological processes and the phylogenetic history of an organism.
Download or read book Evolution and Development of Fishes written by Zerina Johanson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World-class palaeontologists and biologists summarise the state-of-the-art on fish evolution and development.
Download or read book Neural Crest Cells written by Paul Trainor and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Crest Cells: Evolution, Development and Disease summarizes discoveries of historical significance and provides in-depth, current analyses of the evolution of neural crest cells, their contribution to embryo development, and their roles in disease. In addition, prospects for tissue engineering, repair and regeneration are covered, offering a timely synthesis of the current knowledge in neural crest cell research. A comprehensive resource on neural crest cells for researchers studying cell biology, developmental biology, stem cells and neurobiology, Neural Crest Cells: Evolution, Development and Disease provides foundational information needed for students , practicing physicians and dentists treating patients with craniofacial defects. BMA Medical Book Awards 2014 - Highly Commended,Basic and Clinical Sciences,2014, British Medical Association Provides timely, comprehensive synthesis of the current knowledge of neural crest cells Covers the evolution and development of neural crest cells Includes content on applications for tissue engineering, repair and regeneration
Download or read book Neural Crest Induction and Differentiation written by Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-28 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an international panel of recognized leaders in the field, Neural Crest Induction and Differentiation discusses all aspects of modern neural crest biology from its evolutionary significance to its specification, migration, plasticity and contribution to multiple lineages of the vertebrate body, to the pathologies associated with abnormal neural crest development and function. Abundant color figures enhance the text providing clear and attractive illustrations of central issues and concepts.
Download or read book Across the Bridge written by Henry Gee and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Addresses an important topic for biologists and zoologists about vertebrates’ place in the ‘grand scheme’ . . . genuinely witty and charming . . . magnificent.” —Neil J. Gostling, University of Southampton Our understanding of vertebrate origins and the backbone of human history evolves with each new fossil find and DNA map. Many species have now had their genomes sequenced, and molecular techniques allow genetic inspection of even non-model organisms. But as longtime Nature editor Henry Gee argues in Across the Bridge, despite these giant strides and our deepening understanding of how vertebrates fit into the tree of life, the morphological chasm between vertebrates and invertebrates remains vast and enigmatic. As Gee shows, even as scientific advances have falsified a variety of theories linking these groups, the extant relatives of vertebrates are too few for effective genetic analysis. Moreover, the more we learn about the species that do remain—from sea-squirts to starfish—the clearer it becomes that they are too far evolved along their own courses to be of much use in reconstructing what the latest invertebrate ancestors of vertebrates looked like. Fossils present yet further problems of interpretation. Tracing both the fast-changing science that has helped illuminate the intricacies of vertebrate evolution as well as the limits of that science, Across the Bridge helps us to see how far the field has come in crossing the invertebrate-to-vertebrate divide—and how far we still have to go. “A beautiful ode to some of the least appreciated animals . . . guides the reader joyfully through deuterostomes—weaving disparate elements of embryology, paleontology, and morphology into an unprecedented and accessible narrative.” —Jakob Vinther, University of Bristol
Download or read book Development of the Autonomic Nervous System written by Katherine Elliott and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.
