Download or read book The Evolution of Povetry and Welfare in Nigeria 1985 92 written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book True World Income Distribution 1988 and 1993 written by Branko Milanovi? and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Inequality in world income is very high, according to household surveys, more because of differences between mean country incomes than because of inequality within countries. World inequality increased between 1988 and 1993, driven by slower growth in rural per capita incomes in populous Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, and India) than in large, rich OECD countries, and by increasing income differences between urban China on the one hand and rural China and rural India on the other"--Cover.

Download or read book The Evolution of Poverty and Welfare in Nigeria 1985 92 written by Canagarajah and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dollar a Day Revisited written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The article presents the first major update of the international $1 a day poverty line, proposed in World Development Report 1990: Poverty for measuring absolute poverty by the standards of the world's poorest countries. In a new and more representative data set of national poverty lines, a marked economic gradient emerges only when consumption per person is above about $2.00 a day at 2005 purchasing power parity. Below this, the average poverty line is $1.25, which is proposed as the new international poverty line. The article tests the robustness of this line to alternative estimation methods and explains how it differs from the old $1 a day line.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Transformative Online Education and Liberation Models for Social Equality written by Kurubacak, Gulsun and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2010-10-31 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book focuses on the societal, social, political, economic and philosophical perspectives of transformative models and how digital learning communities foster critical reflections and perspective change, building a better understanding on how online educators/designers/tutors/learners can talk about injustice and inequality to a virtual group"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Pension Reform Growth and the Labor Market in Ukraine written by Michelle Riboud and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: February 1997 Ukraine's pension system requires radical reforms to restore credibility to the system and remove distorted incentives that make it unsustainable. Resumption of growth alone will not solve the current difficulties. In recent years -as a result of economic contraction, declining employment and real wages, and changes in labor market behavior- Ukraine's tax base of the social security system has declined, threatening its sustainability. About 40 percent of the labor force works in the informal sector, paying no taxes, and many members of the formal workforce underpay taxes because they also do informal work. Using a model that links the social security system, the labor market, and the macroeconomy, the authors ran simulations to assess the sustainability of the current pension system and the relevance and viability of possible reforms. All simulations assume economic reform and the resumption of growth. They conclude: (1) Economic contraction is not the only cause of problems with the pension system. To reverse current trends, most of the labor force would need to be working in the formal sector -an unlikely event, given current incentives. (2) Reform is essential. Restoring the former system would be too costly, and maintaining the status quo would make the system unsustainable. ((3) Reforms focusing on short-term budgetary effects and neglecting the interactions between the social security and the labor market are likely to fail. (4) Raising the retirement age to 65 would have a significant financial impact, but would need to be accompanied by deeper structural reforms. Raising the retirement age quickly may entail the least political cost, as many old people are currently working. (5) For the deeper structural reforms needed, introducing a funded-tier should be considered. It would be an effective way to correct distortions and restore credibility. (6) Introducing such reforms will be costly and affect several generations of workers and pensioners in different ways. Tradeoffs must be carefully evaluated. This paper--a product of the Country Operations Division 2, Country Department IV, Europe and Central Asia Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to foster pension reforms. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project Social Safety and Growth: An Analysis of Interactions and Tradeoffs (RPO 680-35).

Download or read book DEEPER INSIGHT INTO NIGERIA S PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION written by Banji Oyeniran Adediji and published by Author House. This book was released on 2013-12 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deeper Insight into Nigeria's Public Administration is a collection of a wider range of Public Administration topics to which scholars and authors have devoted attention in recent time. Here is a lucidly written and presented book, which selective scholars, researchers and readers would find indispensably useful to procure for personal and institutional librarians.

Download or read book Research and Policy Directions on Poverty in Nigeria written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reforming Pensions in Zambia written by Monika Queisser and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The economics of the informal sector a simple model and some empirical evidence from Latin America written by Norman A. Loayza and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book EU Accession of Central and Eastern Europe written by Luca Barbone and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: February 1997 The countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have much to gain from implementing policies that increase investment, support the development of human capital, and promote the legal, regulatory, and policy framework needed for market mechanisms to function. The faster they implement such changes, the faster they will bridge the income gap between them and the countries of the European Union - and the more likely their chances of successful integration. Joining the European Union (EU) is perhaps the key political and economic objective of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries as they approach the 21st century. But how successful the CEE countries are in achieving this goal depends not only on how well and quickly they adapt their legal and regulatory systems to EU requirements but on how well and quickly they bridge the wide income gaps between CEE and EU countries. Using a model and cross-section data to develop estimates, Barbone and Zalduendo investigate how appropriate structural policies adopted before and after accession to the EU can help CEE countries bridge this income gap. They have much to gain from implementing policies that increase investment, support the development of human capital, and promote the legal, regulatory, and policy framework needed for market mechanisms to function. The faster they implement such changes, the faster they will bridge the income gap between them and the EU countries - and the more likely their accession to the EU will be successful. This paper - a product of Country Department II, Europe and Central Asia - is part of a larger effort in the department to examine issues related to accession to EU by Central and Eastern European countries. Luca Barbone may be contacted at [email protected].

Download or read book Debt Maturity and Firm Performance written by Fabio Schiantarelli and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Acces to Long Term Debt and Effects on Firms Performance written by Fidel Jaramillo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Shifting responsibility for social services as enterprises privatize in Belarus written by David Sewell and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Have Trade Policy Reforms Led to Greater Openness in Developing Countries written by Shuby Andriamananjara and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment in China written by Harry G. Broadman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regional Labour Markets During Deregulation in Indonesia written by Chris Manning and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: