Download or read book The Evaluation of the East Greenland Sea Odden Ice Feature Using the Community Climate System Model3 0 CCSM3 0 written by Meng-Pai Hung and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The Odden event is a dominant mode of the Arctic sea ice variability, which is very important for the Arctic climate. The Odden sea ice feature extends northeastward from the Arctic pack ice of the east Greenland Sea during winter and spring, typically covering an area between 8°W and 5°E, and between 73° and 77°N. The key causes and forcing of Odden sea ice variability in the atmosphere and ocean is examined using the Community Sea Ice Model5.0 (CSIM5) within a Slab Ocean Model (SOM) called the M configuration of Community Climate System Model3.0 (CCSM3) provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). A 26 year control run is made with the T62 NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NNR) atmospheric data from 1979 - 2004, and the simulated northern Atlantic sea ice is compared with that from the Hadley Center Sea ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST) observational dataset in order to evaluate the model's capabilities. The control run sea ice data were subjected to a rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) that revealed a component (#3) mode of variability that exhibited Odden-like variability similar to that obtained in observational data. To further investigate the single or multiple effects from the atmospheric and oceanic parameters associating with the Odden sea ice, 18 experiments are conducted with the NNR and a 1° x 1° Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) for the atmospheric and oceanic forcing, respectively. In one set of experiments the atmosphere and ocean model are run simultaneously in efforts to simulate the Odden while other experiments evaluate Odden forcing of individual atmospheric parameters with other parameter forcing being held in a non-Odden state. Model forcing data for Odden ice conditions are from 1997 (January - December) while those from 1994 are used as the forcing for non-Odden conditions, in keeping with observational studies. Results show that the model sea ice concentration (SIC) and ice thickness exhibit large variability in an area on the eastern end of the Odden region found in observational data. It does so particularly in response to air temperature and surface wind and ocean current forcing when the model output is averaged from February through April and May through July. The annual cycle of model parameter output shows that SIC peaks from March through May in experiments with full atmospheric forcing in the Odden and non-Odden years and where the ocean is held to climatological forcing. Parameters such as air temperature, overlying winds, longwave radiation, specific humidity and surface ocean currents make some of the larger contributions to SIC and ice thickness variations through the model year. At the time of peak model SIC and thickness (e.g., April, May) the wind forcing and that of surface currents appear to be larger than the SIC/thickness contribution by air temperature. In other words, the Odden mode in the model is mainly produced by dynamical effects of atmospheric winds and ocean currents.
Download or read book Ice Drift Ocean Circulation and Climate Change written by Jens Bischof and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-11 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issue of global warming and climate change is of continuous concern. Since the 1970s, it bas been shown that the pack-ice around the Arctic Ocean is thinning, the margin of permafrost is moving north and the vegetation in the high northern parts of the world is changing (the 'greening' of the Arctic). But are these changes the result of human activity or simply regular variations of the Earth's climate system? Over thousands of years, a continuous archive of iceberg and sea ice drift bas formed in the deep-sea sediments, revealing the place of the ice's origin and allowing a reconstruction of the surface currents and the climate of the past. However, the drift of floating ice from one place to another is not just a passive record of past ocean circulation. It actively influences and changes the surface ocean circulation, thus having a profound effect on climate change. Ice Drift, Ocean Circulation and Climate Change is the first book to focus on the interactions between ice, the ocean and the atmosphere and to describe how these three components of the climate system influence each other. It makes clear the positive contribution of paleoclimatology and paleoceanography and should be read by anyone concerned with global warming and climate change.
Download or read book A Deep Ice Core From East Greenland written by and published by Museum Tusculanum Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of a Numerical Sea Ice Model to the East Greenland Area written by W. B. Tucker and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interannual Variability of Sea Ice Area and Volume in the Greenland Sea written by Alex Hamel and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arctic sea ice loss continues to serve as a strong gauge of climate change. It is the component of the Earth system that is responding most visibly and rapidly to a warming climate. The implications of a shrinking sea ice cover include changes in physical processes like deep water formation and the reflection of solar radiation, and alterations to the way of live for humans and animals that depend on the ice in their daily lives. Here I evaluate long term trends in sea ice coverage in the Greenland Sea and Irminger Basin from 1979 to 2018. While in the Arctic Basin the recession of summer sea ice is more pronounced, it is shown that in the Greenland Sea the declining winter sea ice maximum is more pronounced than the summertime reduction. The strongest signature of this robust trend is the disappearance in 2004 of a sea ice feature called the Odden Ice Tongue that is characterized by local freezing and ice formation and to a lesser extent by the advection of sea ice. A budget constructed from sea ice concentration and velocity estimates from the National Snow and Ice Data Center, and sea ice thickness estimates from the University of Washington's Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System indicates that the area of sea ice transported into the Greenland Sea from the Arctic has gone largely unchanged since measurements began in late 1978. Despite this, the volume of sea ice flowing out of the Arctic has decreased 11% when compared to the 1979-2004 mean due to a significant thinning of sea ice. In the last 15 years the average winter buildup of sea ice volume in the Greenland Sea is 16% smaller than the same winter accumulation from 1979 to 2004. The volume of sea ice that is advected into the Greenland Sea, from Fram Strait, is approximately twice as large as the change in volume of sea ice in the area over the course of a typical winter, indicating that half of the advected sea ice melts over the course of the winter.
Download or read book The Impact of Melting Ice on the Ecosystems in Greenland Sea written by Bo Qu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-18 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arctic marine ecosystems are largely impacted by changes associated with global warming. The sea ice in Greenland Sea plays an important role in regional and global climate system. The book investigate the relationships between phytoplankton biomass, measured using remotely sensed chlorophyll-a (CHL), aerosol optical depth (AOD) and sea-ice cover (ICE) in the Greenland Sea (20°W-10°E, 65-85°N) over the period 2003-2012. First hand Satellite data was used to do correlation analysis. Enhanced statistics methods, such as lag regression method and cointegration analysis method are used for correlation and regression analysis between 2 variables (up to 3 variables). ARMA model was used to prediction time series in the future 3 years. The book not only gives outline of ecosystem in Greenland Sea, how the ice impact to the local ecosystems, but also provides valuable statistical methods on analysis correlations and predicting the future ecosystems.
Download or read book Impacts of a Warming Arctic Arctic Climate Impact Assessment written by Susan Hassol and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-12-13 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plain-language synthesis of key findings of Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, for policymakers and broader public.
Download or read book Decadal Variability in the Arctic Ocean Greenland Iceland Norwegian Seas Ice ocean atmospheric Climate System written by Dmitry Dukhovskoy and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study investigates the decadal variability of the Arctic Ocean - Greenland, Iceland, Norwegian seas (GIN Sea) system and possible mechanisms driving variability. The theoretical foundation of this work is the theory of Proshutinsky & Johnson [1997] that two major climate states of the Arctic - Anticyclonic Circulation Regime (ACCR) and Cyclonic Circulation Regime (CCR) - are driven by variations in the freshwater contents of the Arctic Ocean and the GIN Sea. It is hypothesized that the Arctic Ocean and the GIN Sea form an auto-oscillatory ice-ocean-atmosphere climate system with a quasi-decadal period of interannual variability. The system is characterized by two stages: (1) cold Arctic (ACCR) warm GIN Sea with weak interaction between the basins; (2) warm Arctic (CCR) - cold GIN Sea with intense interaction between the basins. Surface air temperature and dynamic height gradients between the basins drive the auto-oscillations. This study investigates interactions between the Arctic Ocean and the GIN Sea. To test the hypothesis, a simple model of the Arctic Ocean and Greenland Sea has been developed. The Arctic shelf processes have been parameterized in a box model coupled with an Arctic Ocean module. Both the Arctic Ocean and Greenland Sea modules are coupled with a thermodynamic ice model and atmospheric models. Several model experiments have been conducted to adjust the model and to reproduce the auto-oscillatory behavior of the climate system. One of the major results of this work is the simulation of auto-oscillatory behavior of the Arctic Ocean - GIN Sea climate system. Periodical solutions obtained with seasonally varying forcing for scenarios with high and low interaction between the regions reproduce major anomalies in the ocean thermohaline structure, sea ice volume, and fresh water fluxes attributed to ACCR and CCR regimes. According to the simulation results, the characteristic time scale of the Arctic Ocean - GIN Sea system variability reproduced in the model is about 10-15 years. This outcome is consistent with theory of Proshutinsky and Johnson [1997] and shows that the Arctic Ocean - GIN Sea can be viewed as a unique auto-oscillating system"--Leaves iii-iv.
Download or read book Climate Society and Subsurface Politics in Greenland written by Mark Nuttall and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once imagined as a place on the very edge of the world, Greenland is now viewed as being at the epicentre of climate change. At the same time, international attention is focused on opportunities for oil and mineral development, seemingly made possible as the inland ice melts and sea ice disappears, revealing geological riches and making access to remote areas easier. In this book, Mark Nuttall takes the reader on a journey through landscapes, seascapes and icescapes of memory, movement and anticipation. Unravelling the entanglements of climate change, indigenous sovereignty and the politics surrounding non-renewable resource extraction, he describes how the country is on the verge of major environmental, political and social transformations as it aspires to greater autonomy and possible independence from Denmark. At the heart of this is discussion about how resources and the environment are given meaning and how they have become subject to intense political and ideological struggle. Climate, Society and Subsurface Politics in Greenland: Under the Great Ice is a key resource for academics, practitioners and students of anthropology, geography, development studies, political ecology and polar studies.
Download or read book The Ice at the End of the World written by Jon Gertner and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An urgent account of the explorers and scientists racing to understand the rapidly melting ice sheet in Greenland, a dramatic harbinger of climate change. As Greenland's ice melts and runs off into the sea, it not only threatens to affect hundreds of millions of people who live in coastal areas. It will also have drastic effects on ocean currents, weather systems, economies, and migration patterns
Download or read book The Ice Cover of the Greenland Sea written by Niels Aage Skov and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A criterion is defined to compare seasonal ice coverage in the Greenland Sea for the years 1900-57, and the areal coverage is graphed using the 1898-1913 average as a standard. The factors wielding possible influence on short-term variations of the ice cover are examined individually and their relative importance established. The influence of ocean currents is evaluated by analysis of hydrosections across the East Greenland Current at 74°-76° N and across the North Atlantic Current in the Faeroe-Shetland channel. Data from the latter area are used for numerical analysis of heat imported to the Greenland Sea by the North Atlantic Current in the 1927-52 period. Details about the Irminger Current's behavior are derived from station data from Denmark Strait and from surface temperatures at Selvogsbanki south of Iceland. Year-to-year variations are found to exist in the flow volumes of all three currents, and correlations with seasonal ice coverage in the Greenland Sea are shown. Above-average precipitation in conjunction with below-average storm activity is found to have negligible influence on the ice regime, and no significant correlation is found. The possible effect of evaporation is computed to be far below the threshold of detectability. Air temperatures in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea region display a trend of increase throughout the period studied, in harmony with a concurrent trend of decreasing ice cover; but no causal relationship is in evidence. The effects of strengths and directions of predominant winds are examined, and good correlations are shown between ice cover fluctuations and easterly wind components at Norwegian coastal stations. At the points of major currents' entrances to and exits from the Greenland Sea the wind effects are complex and cannot be fully evaluated on the basis of existing data. The fluctuations of ocean currents entering and leaving the Greenland Sea and of water movements within the Greenland Sea remain as the apparent determinant of year-to-year variations of the ice cover.
Download or read book Sea ice and Climate written by Working Group on Sea Ice and Climate. Session and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multi decadal Variation of the East Greenland Sea ice Extent AD 1500 2000 written by Knud Lassen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Frozen Annals written by W. Dansgaard and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multi year Sea Ice Investigation in the East Greenland Current written by S. Overgaard and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Change in Eurasian Arctic Shelf Seas written by Ivan E. Frolov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-07-13 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the eminent authors analyse the ice cover variability in the Arctic Seas during the 20th and early 21st centuries. In the first two chapters, they show that multi-year changes of the sea-ice extent in the Arctic Seas were formed by linear trends and long-term (climatic) cycles lasting about 10, 20 and 60 years. The structure of temporal variability of the western region (Greenland – Kara) differs significantly from the eastern region seas (Laptev and Chukchi). In the latter region, unlike the former area, relatively short-period cycles (up to 10 years) predominate. The linear trends can be related to a super-secular cycle of climatic changes over about 200 years. The most significant of these cycles, lasting 60 years, is most pronounced in the western region seas.
Download or read book Greenland Ice Sheet Variability and Sensitivity to Forcing During the Warm Pliocene written by Sebastian Jan Koenig and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cryosphere and its interactions with other components of the climate system are considered to be major influences on global climate change through the Cenozoic and into the future. However, fundamental dynamics and secondary feedbacks that drive long-term ice sheet variability on Greenland remain poorly understood. Here, a numerical climate-ice sheet modeling study is conducted with the aim of reconstructing most likely locations, timing and variability of continental ice in the mid to late Pliocene and the transition into the Pleistocene. Simulations using the GENESIS v3 General Circulation Model coupled to the Penn State Ice Sheet-Shelf Model are compared with a range of independent numerical ice sheet model simulations under Pliocene boundary conditions and validated against available proxy reconstructions. This study aims at investigating the sensitivity of an ice-free and glaciated Greenland to changes in climate forcings, and the modulation of those forcings through internal feedbacks with focus on the dynamical thresholds involved in the growth and retreat of continental ice on Greenland. ^ Orbital changes of latitudinal and seasonal solar radiation, in combination with prevalent atmospheric pCO2 levels, are found to pace the timing of the cryospheric response. Internal feedbacks invoked though local surface characteristics on Greenland in concert with far field changes in Arctic sea surface temperature and sea ice conditions control the energy and moisture budget on Greenland with consequences for its mass balance. In the Pliocene, inception of Greenland ice is inhibited during interglacials and ice volume is limited even when orbits are favorable for ice sheet growth. During Pliocene warmth, a present-day Greenland Ice Sheet cannot be maintained and ice was most likely restricted to the highest elevations in the East and South, contributing around 6m of equivalent sea level rise. This assessment of the sensitivity and survivability of Greenland Ice Sheet in a warmer-than-modern world implies the potential for a long-term commitment to future sea level rise from a smaller Greenland Ice Sheet.
