Download or read book The EU s Emissions Trading Scheme as a Climate Protection Instrument How it Works and How to Improve it written by Lukas Melhus and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2022-06-09 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 1,0, Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University (DHBW), language: English, abstract: Simply put, emissions trading is a governmental instrument or framework to reduce pollutant emissions. While such trading has seen popularity in recent years, the broad concept has been around for quite some time. In 1968, Canadian economist John Dales argued that a government should issue a certain number of pollution rights certificates and offer them for sale, while at the same time enacting a law mandating anyone discharging a certain amount of waste in a given year to own one or more pollution rights for the whole year. He further argued that this framework would benefit by having the price determined by competition between buyers and sellers of rights rather than a person or authority.4 The fundamental idea behind emissions trading has remained the same to this day. At the end of the 1960s, the United States of America were the first to experiment with governmental trading schemes.5,6,7 During the Carter administration, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) continued to expand these pollution control mechanisms, notably using them to reduce and ultimately stop the use of leaded petrol in the 1980s.8 Emissions trading schemes continued to be popular in the US and were used by the following administrations.

Download or read book Emissions Trading for Climate Policy written by Bernd Hansjürgens and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-28 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1997 Kyoto Conference introduced emissions trading as a policy instrument for climate protection. Bringing together scholars in the fields of economics, political science and law, this book, which was originally published in 2005, provides a description, analysis and evaluation of different aspects of emissions trading as an instrument to control greenhouse gases. The authors analyse theoretical aspects of regulatory instruments for climate policy, provide an overview of US experience with market-based instruments, draw lessons from trading schemes for the control of greenhouse gases, and discuss options for emissions trading in climate policy. They also highlight the background of climate policy and instrument choice in the US and Europe and the foundation of systems in Europe, particularly the EU's directive for a CO2 emissions trading system.

Download or read book The EU Emission Trading System Goals Success and Challenges written by Ann-Sophie Theuring and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 2,0, ISEC-Institut Supérieur de l’Économie (dern. eufom University), language: English, abstract: This term paper discusses how to improve the European Union Emission Trading Scheme to have the lowest possible influence on companies with the highest possible reduction of greenhouse gases. Even though in theory this scheme may appear flawless there are a few conflicts and negative consequences which have a big influence on some participating countries. To get an overview, the problem of the emissions has to be explained first. After that, it is essential to explain the theory of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme with a summary of the main expected theoretical effects. There must be an empirical evaluation about the real effects in comparison to the theoretical expected ones. This part will be followed by a discussion on how the government needs to change the scheme to improve the consequences. At last, there will be a conclusion which will sum up the outcome of the discussion and give a perspective on the future. Being and staying healthy is one of the greatest wishes of humanity because it is assuring a longer life. But not only a highly developed health system protects people from illnesses, also living in a clean and safe environment extends the span of life. This is why it is always interesting to discuss new solutions of the government which shall protect the environment, improve our climate and increase our sustainability. In year 1997 the Kyoto protocol was added to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, short UNFCCC, to reduce those emissions gradually. In addition to this contract the European Union created in 2005 the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, short EU ETS. It allows companies to buy and trade a certain amount of emission permits.

Download or read book Climate Change and the EU Emissions Trading Scheme ETS written by Larry Parker and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. The European Union¿s (EU) ETS is a cornerstone of the EU¿s efforts to meet its obligation under the Kyoto Protocol. It covers more than 10,000 energy intensive facilities across the 27 EU Member countries. A ¿Phase 1¿ trading period began 1/1/05. A second, Phase 2, trading period began in 2008. A Phase 3 will begin in 2013 designed to reduce emissions by 21% from 2005 levels. Contents of this report: (1) Overview; (2) Results from Phase 1 and 2; (3) Phase 3: Auctions; New Entrant Reserves; Decision on Eligible Industries; Flexibility Mechanisms and Price Volatility Control; Expanding Coverage; (4) U.S. Cap-and-Trade Proposals: Emission Inventories and Target Setting; Coverage; Allocation Schemes; Flexibility and Price Volatility. Illustrations.

Download or read book European Emissions Trading in Practice written by Stefano Clò and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Emission markets are crucial both to provide the right incentives to reduce GHG emissions and to fund investments necessary for a transition to a low carbon world. Emission markets however cannot achieve these objectives if inappropriately designed. This book is a novel and fresh attempt to look at the real functioning of the EU Emission Trading Scheme and to assess its effectiveness and inconsistencies, its positive and negative impacts on industrial and financial markets. With the overall objective to improve its design and performance.' Carlo Carraro, University of Venice, Italy '. . . this important book has the great achievement of addressing a complicated and socially highly debated issue of how society could be given optimal incentives for emission reductions from a legal and economic perspective. Moreover, it not only addresses the various issues from a theoretical perspective, but provides important empirical evidence on the working of emissions trading as well. The book will undoubtedly have important lessons not only at the theoretical level, but also for policy makers interested in improving the effectiveness of emission trading schemes.' From the foreword by Michael Faure This unique and up-to-date book analyses the functioning of the European Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and assesses the extent to which relevant legislation has affected its capacity to promote cost-effective reduction of European carbon emissions. The author investigates whether inefficiency has been caused by both the ETS cap setting procedure and by the ETS relevant allocation rule, as defined by Directive 2003/87/EC. He then considers whether the new Directive 2009/29/EC, which reforms the ETS institutional design, is likely to improve the scheme's effectiveness by reducing the risk of carbon leakage which could potentially be a consequence of implementing a unilateral policy across the asymmetric political landscape of Europe. This well-documented book will appeal to researchers and postgraduate students in environmental law and environmental economics, as well as policymakers within environment, industry and economics, and electric and industrial operators and stakeholders. Environmental NGOs, energy and environmental consulting groups, members of the European Commission, and energy and environmental think-tanks will also find much to interest them in this insightful book.

Download or read book The European Union Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme written by Beatriz Pérez de las Heras and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Union (EU) action against climate change began in the early 1980s, soon becoming a priority and a fundamental axis of its environmental policy. As a participating actor in world climate governance, the EU has been at the forefront of the world struggle against global warming since the 1990s. This activism on the international scene has served as a stimulus for common action against climate change, and has, in the last 10 years, become a world reference and the most consistent strategy of the EU foreign environmental policy. The most relevant initiative that is being carried out at the moment is, undoubtedly, the EU Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). This instrument constitutes the first and most important international measure imposing maximum limits to CO2 emissions adopted in fulfilment of the Kyoto Protocol. Since it was adopted and implemented in 2005, the ETS has become the cornestone and the flagship of the EU strategy on climate change. This book is the outcome of an international inter-university research project. It is meant as an in-depth analysis of the EU ETS in its two application phases and beyond 2012, while assessing its effectiveness as an instrument that contributes to combat global warming. Thus, the study will be useful to those who, within or outside the university sphere, aim to better understand the EU climate change action in particular as well as to all those who are interested in the European construction process in general. Finally, The European Union Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme: abilities and prospects of a climate governance instrument intends to be a first detailed study on the ETS, and may serve as a basis for further and deeper analyses of the EU action against global warming.

Download or read book Emissions Trading as a Policy Instrument written by Marc Gronwald and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-07-17 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical and theoretical perspectives on the first two phases of the European Emissions Trading Scheme, the largest cap-and-trade market established so far. Emissions trading schemes figure prominently among policy instruments used to tackle the problem of climate change, and the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), begun in 2005, is the largest cap-and-trade market so far established. In the EU ETS, firms regulated by the scheme are provided with emissions allowances (each a one-time right to emit one ton of greenhouse gases) and can sell their unused allowances to firms that have higher rates of emissions. In this volume, leading economists offer empirical and theoretical perspectives on the early phases of the EU ETS implementation. The contributors discuss the features of the EU ETS market; and regulatory uncertainty stemming from rule changes; the political economy context of the trading scheme, including allowance allocation and the influence of lobbying on abatement decisions; the coexistence of such overlapping instruments for climate policy as pricing and taxation; the relationship between spot and futures markets for allowances, and firms' responses to various features of the EU ETS, including fluctuating allowance prices, free allocation, and links to the Kyoto process. They show that, although the basic theory behind emissions permit markets is straightforward, design features, market structure, and interactions with other policy instruments can influence the efficiency of the scheme. Contributors Nathan Braun, A. Denny Ellerman, Timothy Fitzgerald, Beat Hintermann, Wolfgang Härdle, Peter Heindl, Philipp Hieronymi, Marc Gronwald, Frank Jotzo, Andreas Lange, Stephen Lecourt, Ralf Martin, A. J. Mulder, Mirabelle Muûls, Clement Pallière, Jason Pearcy, Oliver Sartor, David Schüller, Stefan Trück, Ulrich J. Wagner, Rafał Weron, Peter J. Wood

Download or read book The European Emission Trading System and Its Followers written by Simone Borghesi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-16 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the rapid spread of ETSs in an increasing number of countries and the important role that they are likely to play for the success or failure of the environmental policy in the years to come, this book provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the EU ETS from both the legal and economic perspectives comparing it with the other main ETSs existing worldwide, in order to assess whether the EU ETS has truly represented a prototype for the other ETSs established around the world and to investigate the current perspectives for linking them in the future.Through the years, the EU ETS has progressively gained a paramount position within the EU environmental policy and climate change legislation and currently represents the most striking flagship in this sector, with more than 11.000 installations covered by the scheme. In parallel, the EU ETS has paved the way for the establishment of many other ETSs in several other jurisdictions. Such schemes are now recognized worldwide as the “cornerstones” of the climate change policy.

Download or read book Climate Change and European Emissions Trading written by Michael G. Faure and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of twelve superbly written contributions by leading researchers and scientists on greenhouse gas emissions trading by members of the European Union, as well as alternatives and new developments in this specialized area of global warming and reduction related commercial exchange. . . a seminal and strongly recommended work of particular relevance and value for both academic and governmental reference library collections on international environmental studies. Midwest Book Review This timely book focuses on the EU-wide greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme for major sources. It combines legal and economic approaches and reviews the major revision of this scheme. A distinguished range of authors assess the experiences thus far and also consider future development from both theoretical and practical perspectives. They also discuss many design options, including auctioning, credit and trade, the inclusion of aviation emissions, and linking possibilities. Moreover, attention is paid to the role of legal principles, the role of case law, and to aspects of democratic accountability within an emissions trading scheme. Ways to avoid carbon leakage and the role of national climate policies are also discussed. This book makes clear that the economic efficiency and effectiveness of an emissions trading scheme depend to a large extent on the specific legislative choices, and hence the legislative design of such a scheme deserves meticulous attention. Discussing legal and economic aspects of emissions trading, this book offers new insights to academics and policy makers both in the public and private sector. Those insights are not only relevant for understanding the past, but moreover for guiding the future design of emissions trading for greenhouse gases.

Download or read book The EU Emissions Trading Scheme written by Sonja Butzengeiger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This special issue of the Climate Policy journal outlines the fundamentals of the new European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), assesses the strategies for and impact of implementation and highlights the scheme's potential, including positive aspects and remaining hurdles. The EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is the first international trading scheme for CO2 in the world. Its aim is to reduce the cost of compliance to existing targets under the Kyoto Protocol. From 1st January 2005, companies in high-energy sectors covered by the scheme must limit their CO2 emissions to allocated levels, arranged in two periods: from 2005-2007 and 2008-2012 (to match the first Kyoto commitment period). In practice, the scheme is likely to cover over 12,000 installations across the European Union, corresponding to approximately 46% of the total EU CO2 emissions. The EU ETS represents a significant development in working at an international level to combat dangerous climate change. The EU Emissions Trading Scheme presents a comprehensive and insightful analysis of the EU ETS, written by international experts in the field. The publication includes the latest research on emissions credits, the interaction of the trading scheme with national energy policies and the debate on future expansion.

Download or read book EU Emissions Trading written by Jon Birger Skjærseth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has been characterized as one of the most far-reaching and radical environmental policies for many years. Given the EU's earlier resistance to this market-based and US-flavoured programme, the development and implementation of the EU ETS has been rapid. This novel approach to environmental regulation has the potential to affect not only greenhouse gas emissions in the EU, but also international strategies for climate change protection. This book investigates the origins, evolution and consequences of the EU ETS and offers significant contributions to the literatures on climate policy and EU policy making.

Download or read book Emissions Trading Design written by Stefan E. Weishaar and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-02-28 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emissions trading is becoming an increasingly popular policy instrument with growing diversity in design. This book examines emissions trading design, emissions trading implementation problems and how to address them. In an easily accessible way

Download or read book Linking of Emissions Trading Schemes written by Matthias Machinek and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-01 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic Climate Change is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century and receives more and more international awareness. The central instruments to counter climate change are emissions trading schemes (ETS) to cover GHG emissions. To increase efficiency and to ensure global reduction of emissions damaging to the climate, an international emissions trading scheme would be a rational choice. To establish such a global scheme, political decision makers could follow a bottom-up-approach by linking already existing ETS with each other. The book investigates such linkings of emissions trading schemes, which provide many benefits for the linking partners. As experience shows, although the number of schemes increased in the last decade, only a few linkings were established. Thus, the book answers the question, if and which conditions for states exist to link their emissions trading schemes. .

Download or read book EU Action Against Climate Change written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rescuing EU Emissions Trading written by Jørgen Wettestad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-25 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws upon a meticulous study of background documents and a string of fresh interviews to tell the fascinating story of how the EU’s climate flagship was significantly improved. The EU’s emissions trading system (ETS) covers almost half of its greenhouse gas emissions and has been hailed as the cornerstone and flagship of EU climate policy. But in spring 2013 the ETS was in severe crisis, with a huge surplus of allowances and a sagging carbon price. Even a formally simple measure to change the timing of auctioning was initially rejected by the European Parliament. Two years later a much more important ‘market thermostat’ was adopted (i.e. the Market Stability Reserve) and proposals for a complete ETS overhaul were put on the table. This book examines and explains how it was possible to turn the flagship around so quickly. Crucial changes at EU and national levels are identified, chief among them in Germany and the European Parliament.

Download or read book Climate Change Law written by Jonathan Robinson and published by Cameron May. This book was released on 2007 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive analysis of the regulatory framework for carbon trading in Europe. It brings together in one volume the first full legal analysis of EU and UK law relating to the EU emissions trading scheme, and all the legislative materials necessary to understand this innovative and complex area of environmental law. It is an essential companion for any professional advising on carbon trading in the UK or EU and a user-friendly reference tool for lawyers, carbon traders, and those working in regulated industries and financial institutions with an interest in carbon finance. It also provides an invaluable set of materials and lessons learned for policy makers and industry in jurisdictions where carbon trading are under development and for those with an interest in the use of market-based mechanisms to address other environmental problems.

Download or read book Allocation in the European Emissions Trading Scheme written by A. Denny Ellerman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-06-07 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical issue in dealing with climate change is deciding who has a right to emit carbon dioxide. Allocation in the European Emissions Trading Scheme provided the first in-depth description and analysis of the process by which rights to emit carbon dioxide were created and distributed in the European Union. This was the world's first large-scale experiment with an emission trading system for carbon dioxide and was likely to be copied by others if there was to be a global regime for limiting greenhouse gas emissions. The book comprises contributions from those responsible for putting the allocation into practice in ten representative member states and at the European Commission. The problems encountered in this process, the solutions found, and the choices they made, will be of interest to all who are concerned with climate policy and the use of emissions trading to combat climate change.