Download or read book The Environment Created by a Nuclear Explosion in Salt written by D. Rawson and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Project Gnome written by Project Plowshare (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book THE ENVIRONMENT CREATED BY A NUCLEAR EXPLOSION IN SALT Project GNOME written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Project Gnome written by Project Plowshare (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earth Deformation from a Nuclear Detonation in Salt written by R. B. Hoy and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurement of rock deformation caused by the Gnome explosion revealed that maximum permanent surface displacement was confined to an area within 100 meters of surface ground zero. The surface above ground zero remained permanently raised 0.3 to 0.5 meters after an initial transient displacement estimated to be 1.5 meters. The permanent deformation was characterized by fractures with offsets up to 0.2 meters. Abundant hair-line fractures were observed out to 300 meters. Occasional small fractures were noted as far as 1000 meters from surface ground zero. Underground, fractures were observed in the shaft lining at 23, 27, 49, and 146 meters, with a slight water seep at 146 meters. The tunnel examination -- which prior to January 10 had been limited to the station near the bottom of the shaft -- revealed an irregularly coneshaped pile of slabs reaching a maximum height of 1.2 meters at the center of the room. Four large slabs had fallen from the walls and fine spalling had removed most of a reference grid which had been painted on the wall. (Author).
Download or read book Project Gnome Carlsbad New Mexico December 10 1961 preliminary report written by R. B. Hoy and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earth Deformation from a Nuclear Detonation in Salt written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gnome, an underground test of a nuclear device, was located at a point 303 meters on a bearing N49 deg 43'11''E from the center of Section 34, Township 23 South, Range 30 East, New Mexico Principal Meridian, at an elevation of about 674 meters referred to mean sea level or at a depth from the surface of 361 meters. This site is about 40 km southeast of Carlsbad, New Mexico, in salt beds of the Salado formation in the Delaware Basin. The topography, geology, and structure of the site are described. Theoretical calculations indicated that the effects of the Gnome nuclear explosion would result in a cavity 17 meters in radius and total tunnel collapse to a point 125 meters from the blast. E ssentially no permanent displacement was expected in the shaft. Damage was not expected in the Shell gas well, 9.3 km distant; the potash mines, the nearest 13 km distant; nor in Carlsbad Caverns, 55 km distant. The theoretical maximum limit of displacement of a free particle at the surface was 3.035 meters. This was expected to develop fractures and visible permanent displacements. At the Gnome shot point a relatively stable cavity about 40 meters high was formed that could be used for underground storage of gas, petroleum, or waste products or to assist in mineral extraction. Surface effects from the explosion were minor, because the lithology, geologic structures, and topography were favorable for minimizing effects. The only potentiallydangerous effect of the deformation was the escape of radiation, and this could probably be prevented by additional stemming in the tunnel or by firing the shot in a vertical drill hole. It was concluded that nuclear detonations of 3 plus or minus 1-kt yield can be fired in horizontally-layered salt without damaging shafts at distances of 400 or more meters, and a drift near a nuclear detonation in salt does not suffer total collapse as it does in tuff and granite and as it was theorized would happen to a point 125 meters from the shot point. It was also concluded that a 5-kt nuclear explosion can be detonated in halite 200 meters under a water-bearing formation (aquifer) without so seriously fracturing both the upper part of the halite and the aquifer that water would penetrate downward to the cavity or to any part of the mine. The significantly different results between Gnome and Logan events, both having a yield of approximately 5-kt (Gnome 3 plus or minus 1-kt), demonstrate that different environmental characteristics will almost certainly cause differing effects from nuclear explosions. There is a critical need to reduce the necessity for interpolation by increasing both empirical and theoretical knowledge by other experiments in different environments. The transient displacement at the surface, reported to be 1.5 meters, was just half the theoretical maximum limit of 3 meters estimated for displacement of a free particle at the surface. (C.H.).
Download or read book Earth Deformation from a Nuclear Detonation in Salt written by R. B. Hoy and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Risk in Central Asia written by Brit Salbu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-04 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a significant number of nuclear and radiological sources in Central Asia, which have contributed, are still contributing, or have the potential to contribute to radioactive contamination in the future. Key sources and contaminated sites of concern are: The nuclear weapons tests performed at the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) in Kazakhstan during 1949–1989. A total of 456 nuclear weapons tests have been perf- med in the atmosphere (86), above and at ground surface (30) and underground (340) accompanied by radioactive plumes reaching far out of the test site. Safety trials at STS, where radioactive sources were spread by conventional explosives. Peaceful nuclear explosions (PNEs) within STS and outside STS in Kazakhstan, producing crater lakes (e.g., Tel’kem I and Tel’kem II), waste storage facilities (e.g., LIRA) etc. Technologically enhanced levels of naturally occurring radionuclides (TENORM) due to U mining and tailing. As a legacy of the cold war and the nuclear weapon p- gramme in the former USSR, thousands of square kilometers in the Central Asia co- tries are contaminated. Large amounts of scale from the oil and gas industries contain sufficient amounts of TENORM. Nuclear reactors, to be decommissioned or still in operation. Storage of spent nuclear fuel and other radioactive wastes. In the characterization of nuclear risks, the risks are estimated by integrating the results of the hazard identification, the effects assessment and the exposure assessment.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Baseline Environmental Management Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environments at U S and U S S R Nuclear Explosion Sites Petroleum Stimulation Projects written by Terman, Maurice J. and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Plowshare program for the peaceful application of nuclear explosives was formally established by the Atomic Energy Commission in 1957. The first Plowshare experiment, Project Gnome, was detonated on December 10, 1961. The second such experiment, Project Rulison, conducted on September 10, 1969, under the sponsorship of Austral Oil Company, Inc., the AEC, and the Department of Interior, is currently being evaluated. These two experiments emphasized the U.S. interest in the potential application of underground nuclear explosions to the petroleum industry. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics has evinced considerable interest in the nonmilitary applications of nuclear energy, but their parallel development of research and experimentation has largely gone unpublicized. The true extent of their progress has been indicated at the Soviet-American technical talks on the use of nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes which were held in Vienna during April 1969 and in Moscow during February 1970. The Soviets identified cratering and underground projects in a number of media, including clay, shale, sandstone, limestone, salt, and granite, with explosions at depths ranging from near surface to about 1,500 meters. All of the identified underground projects have had industrial applications. (Author).
Download or read book Geological Survey Professional Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Geological Survey Professional Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 1018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalogue United States Public Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Free Field Motion Near a Nuclear Explosion in Salt written by Leo A. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Engineering with Nuclear Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
