Download or read book The Employment Effects of State Hiring Credits During and After the Great Recession written by David Neumark and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State and federal policymakers grappling with the aftermath of the Great Recession have sought ways to spur job creation, in many cases adopting hiring credits to encourage employers to create new jobs. However, there is virtually no evidence on the effects of these kinds of counter-recessionary hiring credits - the only evidence coming from much earlier studies of the New Jobs Tax Credit from the 1970s. This paper provides evidence on the effect on job growth of hiring credits adopted during the Great Recession. For many of the types of hiring credits we examine we do not find positive effects on job growth. However, some specific types of hiring credits - including those targeting the unemployed and those that allow states to recapture credits when job creation goals are not met - appear to have succeeded in boosting job growth. At the same time, some credits appear to generate hiring without increasing employment or to generate much more hiring than net employment growth, consistent with these credits leading to churning of employees that raises the costs of producing jobs via hiring credits.
Download or read book The Employment Effects of State Hiring Credits written by David Neumark and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State and federal policymakers grappling with the aftermath of the Great Recession sought ways to spur job creation, in many cases adopting hiring credits to encourage employers to create new jobs. However, there is virtually no evidence on the effects of these kinds of counter-recessionary hiring credits - the only evidence coming from much earlier studies of the federal New Jobs Tax Credit in the 1970s.This paper provides evidence on the effects of state hiring credits on job growth. For many of the types of hiring credits we examine we do not find positive effects on job growth. However, some specific types of hiring credits - most notably including those targeting the unemployed, those that allow states to recapture credits when job creation goals are not met, and refundable hiring credits - appear to have succeeded in boosting job growth, more so during the Great Recession period or perhaps recessions generally. At the same time, some credits appear to generate hiring without increasing employment or to generate much more hiring than net employment growth, consistent with these credits leading to churning of employees that raises the costs of producing jobs via hiring credits.
Download or read book Spurring Job Creation in Response to Severe Recessions written by David Neumark and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continuing adverse labor market effects of the Great Recession have intensified interest in policy efforts to spur job creation. In periods when labor demand and supply are in balance, either hiring credits or worker subsidies can be used to boost employment - hiring credits by reducing labor costs for employers, and worker subsidies by raising the economic returns to work. Historically, both types of policies have been used in pursuit of distributional goals as well, with hiring credits targeting employment of disadvantaged workers, and worker subsidies targeting low-income families. Hiring credits targeting the disadvantaged have generally been regarded as ineffective at both creating jobs and increasing incomes of low-income families, whereas worker subsidies have been viewed as more successful at both. However, in the context of the Great Recession - and severe recessions more generally - hiring credits may be particularly effective at spurring job creation, but only if they are designed quite differently from past hiring credits targeting the disadvantaged. Moreover, establishing a national hiring credit that kicks in during and after recessions may be an effective countercyclical measure - a useful addition to the "automatic stabilizers" already in place, and one that specifically targets job creation.
Download or read book Ten Gallon Economy written by Pia M. Orrenius and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Texas' economic growth has consistently outpaced that of the United States as a whole over the past quarter century. What accounts for the state's economic success? And does it come at a price to be paid in the future? Ten-Gallon Economy features new research on regional economic growth and some surprising findings on Texas' unique tax and banking institutions, booming energy and export sectors, vibrant labor market, expanding demographics and human capital, and growing border economy. Texas has a dynamic economy, large yet flexible, but it is still subject to the booms and busts of the energy sector, which exercises an outsized influence. Taxes are low but regressive relative to national benchmarks, which fuels growth but can inhibit investment in education and health. Meanwhile, Texas, as one of only five minority-majority states, is poised to reap a big demographic dividend if it invests wisely in the coming generation of mostly Latino workers. Taken together, the chapters in this volume provide unique insight into the economy of the nation's second-largest state, laying out some of the choices facing policymakers charged with safeguarding the Texas growth premium for future generations.
Download or read book Policies to encourage job creation hiring credits vs worker subsidies written by David Neumark and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The Great Recession has spurred interest in policy efforts to spur job creation. This article surveys existing research on two â??directâ?? job creation policies: subsidies to employers to hire workers (â??hiring creditsâ??); and subsidies to individuals to enter the labor market (â??worker subsidiesâ??). The research suggests that in the short-term, when recovery from the recession is a priority, hiring credits are likely a more effective policy response. First, hiring credits are likely more cost effective, as long as they focus on the recently unemployed and create incentives for new job creation. Second, in general, worker subsidies better target benefits to low-income families and especially single mothers. At this juncture, however, because the recession fell so heavily on men, a hiring credit focused on the unemployed may target low-income families well, and the usual distributional concern with low-income female-headed households may be less paramount. And third, employment subsidies may not be as effective when there is high cyclical unemployment. In the longer-term, however, when the labor market has recovered more from the recession and the focus can shift to longer-standing employment problems and distributional concerns, greater reliance on worker subsidies may do more to increase employment while shifting the distribution of benefits more toward lower-income households
Download or read book Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics vol 5B written by Gilles Duranton and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 967 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in methodologies, agglomeration, and a range of applied issues have characterized recent advances in regional and urban studies. Volume 5 concentrates on these developments while treating traditional subjects such as housing, the costs and benefits of cities, and policy issues beyond regional inequalities. Contributors make a habit of combining theory and empirics in each chapter, guiding research amid a trend in applied economics towards structural and quasi-experimental approaches. Clearly distinguished from the New Economic Geography covered by Volume 4, these articles feature an international approach that positions recent advances within the discipline of economics and society at large. Editors are recognized as leaders and can attract an international list of contributors Regional and urban studies interest economists in many subdisciplines, such as labor, development, and public economics Table of contents combines theoretical and applied subjects, ensuring broad appeal to readers
Download or read book Policy Levers to Increase Jobs and Increase Income from Work After the Great Recession written by David Neumark and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The depth of the Great Recession, the slow recovery of job creation, the downward trend in labor force participation, high long-term unemployment, stagnant or declining wages for low-to-medium skill jobs owing to adverse labor demand shifts, and a greater rebound in low-wage than mid- or higher-wage jobs, raised concerns that the normal business cycle dynamics of recovery from the recession will be insufficient to offset the diminished labor market prospects of many workers. These concerns have spurred serious consideration of policies to encourage job creation and higher income from work beyond the more immediate countercyclical policies that were adopted in response to Great Recession. Among the policies generating continuing or renewed interest are hiring credits, higher (sometimes much higher) minimum wages, and a more substantial Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) for childless individuals. This paper discusses these policy options, what we know about their likely effects and tradeoffs, and what the unanswered questions are; the focus is on U.S. evidence.
Download or read book Subsidizing Job Creation in the Great Recession written by Sagiri Kitao and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes the effects of various labor market policies on job creation, job destruction, and employment. The equilibrium model is calibrated to capture labor market conditions at the end of 2009, including the unemployment, inflow, and outflow rates by workers of different educational attainment. The authors consider the equilibrium effects of a hiring subsidy, a payroll tax reduction, and an employment subsidy. They find that a hiring subsidy and a payroll tax deduction, as in the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act, can stimulate job creation in the short term, but can cause a higher equilibrium unemployment rate in the long term. Employment subsidies succeed in lowering the unemploy. rate permanently, but the policy entails high fiscal costs. Illus.
Download or read book Labor Economics second edition written by Pierre Cahuc and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 1081 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of a widely used, comprehensive graduate-level text and professional reference covering all aspects of labor economics, with substantial new material. This landmark graduate-level text combines depth and breadth of coverage with recent, cutting-edge work in all the major areas of modern labor economics. Its command of the literature and its coverage of the latest theoretical, methodological, and empirical developments make it also a valuable resource for practicing labor economists. This second edition has been substantially updated and augmented. It incorporates examples drawn from many countries, and it presents empirical methods using contributions that have proved to be milestones in labor economics. The data and codes of these research publications, as well as numerous tables and figures describing the functioning of labor markets, are all available on a dedicated website (www.labor-economics.org), along with slides that can be used as course aids and a discussion forum. This edition devotes more space to the analysis of public policy and the levers available to policy makers, with new chapters on such topics as discrimination, globalization, income redistribution, employment protection, and the minimum wage or labor market programs for the unemployed. Theories are explained on the basis of the simplest possible models, which are in turn related to empirical results. Mathematical appendixes provide a toolkit for understanding the models.
Download or read book OECD Employment Outlook 2020 Worker Security and the COVID 19 Crisis written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2020 edition of the OECD Employment Outlook focuses on worker security and the COVID-19 crisis.
Download or read book How the Financial Crisis and Great Recession Affected Higher Education written by Jeffrey R. Brown and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-01-08 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent financial crisis had a profound effect on both public and private universities. Universities responded to these stresses in different ways. This volume presents new evidence on the nature of these responses and how the incentives and constraints facing different institutions affected their behavior.
Download or read book Investing in Youth Brazil written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-10 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a detailed diagnosis of the youth labour market and education system in Brazil.
Download or read book The Efficacy of Hiring Credits in Distressed Areas written by Jorge Pérez Pérez and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the efficacy of hiring tax credits, particularly in distressed labor markets. These types of programs have proven hard to assess as their introduction at the state level tends to be endogenous to local conditions and future prospects. We conduct an empirical study of a hiring tax credit program implemented in North Carolina in the mid 1990s, which has a quasi-experimental design. Specifically, the 100 counties in the state are ranked each year by a formula trying to capture their economic distress level. The generosity of the tax credits jumps discontinuously at various ranking thresholds allowing for the use of regression discontinuity methods. Our estimates show fairly sizable and robust impacts on unemployment - a $9,000 credit leads to a nearly 0.5 percentage points reduction in the unemployment rate in the counties where the credit was made available. The attendant increase in employment levels appears to be around 3%.
Download or read book Employment Subsidies and Employment Tax Credits written by United States. Congressional Budget Office and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of the Employment Effects of the Washington High Technology Business and Occupation B O Tax Credit written by Timothy J. Bartik and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the effects of an R & D tax credit in the state of Washington on job creation. The research uses micro-data on the job creation and tax credits received by individual firms in the state of Washington from 2004 to 2009. We correct for the endogeneity of R & D tax credits received by individual firms by using instrumental variables based in part on national industry factor shares for R & D. We estimate that this tax credit created jobs, but at a high cost. The cost per job-year created is estimated to be between $40,000 and $50,000. The credit was so high cost in part because the credit was non-refundable. As a result, about one-quarter of the firms receiving credits were maxed out on credit eligibility, so that the credit provided no marginal incentive for additional R & D spending or job creation.
Download or read book Targeted Jobs Tax Credit written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Employment, and Revenue Sharing and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investing in Youth Tunisia Strengthening the Employability of Youth during the Transition to a Green Economy written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-03-10 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a detailed diagnosis of the youth labour market in Tunisia, including a focus on vocational education and training and entrepreneurship.
