Download or read book The Empirics of Firm Heterogeneity and International Trade written by Andrew B. Bernard and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the empirical evidence on firm heterogeneity in international trade. A first wave of empirical findings from micro data on plants and firms proposed challenges for existing models of international trade and inspired the development of new theories emphasizing firm heterogeneity. Subsequent empirical research has examined additional predictions of these theories and explored other dimensions of the data not originally captured by them. These other dimensions include multi-product firms, offshoring, intra-firm trade and firm export market dynamics.
Download or read book Essays on firm heterogeneity and quality in international trade written by Eddy Bekkers and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis is organized as follows. Chapter 2 contains a survey of the three most in‡fluential models on fi…rm heterogeneity and of the most important empirical work on firrm heterogeneity. The chapter starts with a brief review of the homogeneous productivity imperfect competition literature. Chapter 2 …finishes with a comparison of the three most in‡fluential models of fi…rm heterogeneity and the oligopoly model put forward in the thesis. Chapter 3 addresses exporting uncertainty under heterogeneous popularity. Chapter 4 contains the chapter on …firm heterogeneity under oligopoly. Chapter 5 constitutes the models on …firm heterogeneity and endogenous quality. Chapter 6 points out the within-sector specialization model. Chapter 7 addresses the effect of importer characteristics on unit values and the role of markups and quality to explain this effect. Chapter 8 concludes.
Download or read book Firm Heterogeneity and Multiproduct Firms in International Trade written by Hong Ma and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intra Industry Trade with Firm Heterogeneity The Melitz Model and its Recent Extensions written by Michael Betz and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-07-12 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 2,0, University of Münster (Institute of International Economics), language: English, abstract: While the traditional Trade Theory is merely able to explain trade between developed and less developed countries, the more recent literature of the New Trade Theory allows for capturing trade between countries that are all highly developed. One of its models - the Melitz model of intra-industry trade (2003) - incorporates heterogeneity in firm productivity into a framework based on Krugman (1980). The Melitz model is a corner stone of New Trade Theory models and has been extended in various papers to analyze intra-industry trade with respect to different aspects. One important aspect that is covered intensively in recent literature is the efect of unilateral trade liberalization on a country's welfare. This thesis presents the Melitz model (2003) by firstly illustrating its fundament based onKrugman (1980) and secondly deriving its working mechanisms both for opening for trade as well as for trade liberalization. Further, extensions by Melitz and Ottaviano (2005) and Demidova and Rodriguez-Clarez (2011) will be presented. The thesis concludes by discussing the contribution of the Melitz model to explain occurring trading patterns and its limitations.
Download or read book Competing in Organizations written by Dalia Marin and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a theory which investigates how firms' choice of corporate organization is affecting firm performance and the nature of competition in international markets. We develop a model in which firms' organisational choices determine heterogeneity across firms in size and productivity in the same industry. We then incorporate these organisational choices in a Krugman cum Melitz and Ottaviano model of international trade. We show that the toughness of competition in a market depends on who - headquarters or middle managers - have power in firms. Furthermore, we propose two new margins of trade adjustments: the monitoring margin and the organizational margin. International trade may or may not lead to an increase in aggregate productivity of an industry depending on which of these margins dominate. Trade may trigger firms to opt for organizations which encourage the creation of new ideas and which are less well adapt to price and cost competition.
Download or read book Heterogeneous Firms and Trade written by Richard E. Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper sets out a basic heterogeneous-firms trade model that is closely akin to Melitz (2003). The positive and normative properties of the model are studied in a manner intended to highlight the core economic logic of the model. The paper also studies the impact of greater openness at the firm-level and aggregate level, focusing on changes in the number and type of firms, trade volumes and prices, and productivity effects. The normative effects of liberalisation are also studied and here the paper focuses on aggregate gains from trade, and income redistribution effects, showing inter alia that the model is marked by a Stolper-Samuelson like effect. A number of empirically testable hypotheses are also developed. These concern the impact of greater openness on the firm-level trade pattern, the variance of unit-prices, the stock market valuation of firms according to size, and the lobbying behaviour by size.
Download or read book Trade Flows Multilateral Resistance and Firm Heterogeneity written by Mr.Alberto Behar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a gravity model that accounts for multilateral resistance, firm heterogeneity and country-selection into trade, while accommodating asymmetries in trade flows. A new equation for the proportion of exporting firms takes a gravity form, such that the extensive margin is also affected by multilateral resistance. We develop Taylor approximated multilateral resistance terms with which to capture the comparative static effects of changes in trade costs. For isolated bilateral changes in trade frictions, multilateral resistance effects are small for most countries. However, if all countries reduce their trade frictions, the impact of multilateral resistance is so strong that bilateral trade falls in most cases, despite the larger trade elasticities implied by firm heterogeneity. As a consequence, the world-wide trade response, though positive, is much lower.
Download or read book Firm Heterogeneity Country level Asymmetry and the Structure of the Gains from Trade written by Badis Tabarki and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Firms in International Trade written by Dan Ciuriak and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores the implications of recent developments in firm-based trade theory and empirics for trade policy and negotiations. While traditional trade theory focused on the country, and the new trade theory of the 1980's adopted the industry as the unit for analysis, the newest theory emphasizes the role of firms and firm heterogeneity in international trade. We describe insights from this reformulation of theory and the empirical literature that illuminates it. The realities of trade as now understood show the need for a new new trade policy. Evaluating trade at the level of the firm implies that overcoming firm-level fixed costs of trade and reducing uncertainty lead to increased trade along margins that generate the highest productivity, innovation, and welfare gains. The traditional market access agenda ought now to be less important on the multilateral agenda than services, standards, trade facilitation, procurement, and innovation policy. The analytical needs of a new new trade policy require new models and more access to firm-level data to formulate and evaluate the multi-faceted impacts of trade policy.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Political Economy of International Trade written by Lisa L. Martin and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2015 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of the Political Economy of International Trade surveys the literature on the politics of international trade and highlights the most exciting recent scholarly developments. The Handbook is focused on work by political scientists that draws extensively on work in economics, but is distinctive in its applications and attention to political features; that is, it takes politics seriously. The Handbook's framework is organized in part along the traditional lines of domestic society-domestic institutions - international interaction, but elaborates this basic framework to showcase the most important new developments in our understanding of the political economy of trade. Within the field of international political economy, international trade has long been and continues to be one of the most vibrant areas of study. Drawing on models of economic interests and integrating them with political models of institutions and society, political scientists have made great strides in understanding the sources of trade policy preferences and outcomes. The 27 chapters in the Handbook include contributions from prominent scholars around the globe, and from multiple theoretical and methodological traditions. The Handbook considers the development of concepts and policies about international trade; the influence of individuals, firms, and societies; the role of domestic and international institutions; and the interaction of trade and other issues, such as monetary policy, environmental challenges, and human rights. Showcasing both established theories and findings and cutting-edge new research, the Handbook is a valuable reference for scholars of political economy.
Download or read book Firm Heterogeneity Labor Markets and International Trade written by Henning Bunzel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new macroeconomics is about distributions and flows, rather than points and intersections. Market frictions imply that the search for trading partners is time consuming and costly. Consequently, market participants flow between economic states, and trades occur at dispersed prices. This generates motives for continued search for better market opportunities, and for bargaining between potential trading partners. This volume takes the empirical analysis of markets with frictions to a new level by using unique merged registers from Denmark on firm accounting data, individual employee data, and international trade data to estimate empirically the relevant flow rates, dispersions, and relations among key variables of interest, including productivity, firm size, wages, exports, growth, and unemployment. The results serve to inform researchers and policy makers about the functioning of markets, justify the interpretation of dispersion and flows as equilibrium outcomes, and provide an understanding of cycles, adjustment, and potentials for public policy.
Download or read book Essays on Firm Heterogeneity and International Trade written by Umut Senalp and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heterogeneous Firms and Trade written by Marc J. Melitz and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the new approach to international trade based on firm heterogeneity in differentiated product markets. This approach explains a variety of features exhibited in disaggregated trade data, including the higher productivity of exporters relative to non-exporters, within-industry reallocations of resources following trade liberalization, and patterns of trade participation across firms and destination markets. Accounting for these empirical patterns reveals new mechanisms through which the aggregate economy is affected by trade liberalization, including endogenous increases in average industry and firm productivity.
Download or read book Heterogeneous Firms International Trade and Merger and Acquisition Incentives written by Hernando Enrique Daniel Gomez Gaviria and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, I study Merger and Acquisition (M&A) incentives in an international environment. I explore two classes of models to find mechanisms linking trade policy and M&A activity: oligopoly models with countable and few firms making Cournot conjectures about their competitors, and monopolistically competitive models with a continuum of firms and a Q-theory of mergers as reallocation. A basic Cournot model predicts a fall in M&A activity with trade liberalization. In oligopoly models with firm heterogeneity, either between domestic firms or between domestic and foreign firms, tariffs shift the reaction functions of firms, changing the profitability and incentives to merge. I study how changes in tariffs affect three merger motives in this context: market power, cost-reductions, and entry deterrence in the presence of synergies and foreign cost advantages. The monopolistically competitive models focus on the effect of changes in tariffs on the allocation of a fixed factor of production between heterogeneous firms. By increasing import competition and expanding the potential market of exporting firms, bilateral trade liberalization drives the least efficient firms out of the market and induces the most efficient firms to expand. M&A is one mode of expansion for acquiring firms and a way for target firms reallocating installed capacity in the process to exit. The reallocation motive for mergers is consistent with the Q-theory of mergers. I test some of the implications of these two classes of models using a new data set of global M&A, tariffs, and free trade agreements between 1965 and 2009 finding a statistically and economically significant increase in M&A activity caused by trade liberalization. Each percentage point fall in tariffs results in an average increase of 1 M&A per year. My identification strategy relies on exogenous changes in tariffs and I find significant effects with M&A increasing as tariffs fall, but only temporarily consistent with a story of M&A as reallocation.
Download or read book Firm Heterogeneity International Trade and Credit Market Imperfection written by Hamid Beladi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on International Trade Productivity and Firm Heterogeneity written by Anders Åkerman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Political Networks written by Jennifer Nicoll Victor and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 1011 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Politics is intuitively about relationships, but until recently the network perspective has not been a dominant part of the methodological paradigm that political scientists use to study politics. This volume is a foundational statement about networks in the study of politics.