Download or read book The Electro optic Properties of Ferroelectric Potassium Tantalate written by Robert Edmund Grace and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nonlinear and Electro optic Properties of Potassium Tantalate Niobate KTN written by Ron Hartmayer and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ferroelectric Materials and Ferroelectricity written by T. F. Connolly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a joint effort of the Research Materials Information Center (RMIC) of the Solid State Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Libraries and Information Systems Center at Bell Telephone Laboratories (BTL) Murray Hill, N. J. The Research Materials Information Center has, since 1963, been answering inquiries on the avail ability, preparation, and properties of inorganic solid-state research materials. The preparation of bibliographies has been essential to this function, and the interest in ferroelectrics led to the compila tion of the journal and report literature on that subject. The 1962 book Ferroelectric Crystals, by Jona and Shirane, was taken as a cutoff point, and all papers through mid-1969 received by the Center have been included. The Libraries and Information Systems Center of BTL has, over a period of years, developed a proprie tary package of computer programs called BELDEX, which formats and generates indexes to biblio graphic material. This group therefore undertook to process RMIC's ferroelectric references by BELDEX so that both laboratories could have the benefit of an indexed basic bibliography in this important research area.

Download or read book Optical Properties of Potassium Tantalate Niobate written by Scott Kie Manlief and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Domain and Ultraviolet Engineered Device Development of Potassium Tantalate Niobate Single Crystal Electro Optic Modulators and Deflectors written by Annan Shang and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electro optic (EO) based systems are commonly used in the areas of high-speed sensing, 3D printing, and imaging; and lead to the development of devices such as high-speed beam deflectors and modulators. This material characteristic also has cross-dependent terms, like permittivity and electrostriction (ES), that make them proportional to other crystal properties and determine the macroscopic state of many crystals. Detailed analyses of these cross-dependent term can both improve our material comprehension and expand our approach towards the advancement of these systems. This dissertation examines the experimental utilization of an externally applied strain, thermal condition and light illumination to optimize or improve the relative permittivity within potassium tantalate niobate ( , KTN) based devices. The KTN based devices within this dissertation focus on those whose composition result in a paraelectric (PE) phase transition temperature near room temperature, a composition, xcomp, of 0.395-0.404). Their strong electro optic properties near this composition are the major motivator for many advancements in KTN based and related devices. However, its temperature dependency, frequency dependency and perovskite relaxor ferroelectric nature often inhibit the functionality of their applications. Investigations conducted within this dissertation confirm that rapid cooling can create both a large EO and ES effect that affects its properties above and below its phase transition temperature. It is observed that a high cooling rate of 0.75 0C/s results in a 2X increase in the relative permittivity of the KTN crystal. Rapid cooling creates quenched and reoriented polar nano-regions (PNRs) due to the nano-disordered property of KTN crystals; and increasing this cooling rate promotes the enhancement of this nano-disordered property which results in enhanced EO and ES properties. As the operation temperature of KTN based devices are above and near its phase transition temperature and the applied electric field is large, the crystal undergoes an electric field induced phase transition that inhibits its operating speed and deflection range. To nullify this property and resolve the functional complexity of an electric field induced transparent ferroelectric state, a thermally controlled, domain engineering (DE) recipe is developed to enable a transparent ferroelectric state whose functionality is not limited by an electric field induced phase transition and displays a 5X increase in its linear EO coefficient compared to conventional (non-DE) KTN crystals of similar composition with no loss in modulation speed. The transparent ferroelectric state (DE-KTN) is confirmed by observing the Raman spectra, electrical hysteresis, polarized light microscopy and beam profile data of both the DE and non-DE ferroelectric KTN crystal. The result of this state may be due to the two-step thermal annealing process that combines the creation of PNRs upon the rapid cooling first step, and the irregular, diffuse boundaries and high anisotropic traits of these PNRs that enable an abnormal domain growth-like process under the slow cooling second step. The paraelectric to ferroelectric phase transition of KTN crystals decrease the permittivity from 15,000 to 3,000. Although the modulation and deflection speed should increase due to the decrease in permittivity, it is unclear how this will affect the deflection characteristics of the crystal at temperatures below its phase transition. In response, the deflection properties of transparent ferroelectric KTN crystals are analyzed to explore their potential as a megahertz EO deflector. These have shown a 10X increase in deflection speed and a 2X increase in deflection angle in comparison to its paraelectric equivalent. The physical mechanism behind this may involve both the optimization of permittivity and injected space charge, as well as the influence of piezoelectricity under a transparent ferroelectric state, but this may require further investigation. Even with these qualities, beam profile deformation can arise due to the deflection angle mid-point position, the deflection angle amplitude and laser pulse fluence. In particular, the laser pulse fluence has made high quality beam deflection of ultrashort laser pulses impractical. To solve this, it is demonstrated that UV illumination can eliminate the beam deformation affects that arise from fs pulsed laser deflection and improve the modulation switching speed and ratio of a pulsed energy source. This is revealed to be due to the UV light ability to increase conductivity within KTN crystal. This results in an increased flow of free charge within the crystal which decreases the depolarization field due to a pulsed energy source and limits the amount of trapped charges. This can result in the use of UV to reveal other traits and applications for KTN based devices that leads to the discussion of future works that define the next steps toward optimizing KTN based devices, such as sub-nano- to pico-second switching in ultrathin KTN devices using a UV-fs pulsed lasing source.

Download or read book Ferroelectrics Literature Index written by T. F. Connolly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on ferroelectricity and ferroelectric materials started in 1920 with the discovery by Valasek that the variation of spontaneous polarization in Rochelle salt with sign and magnitude of an applied electric field traced a complete and reproducible hysteresis loop. Activity in the field was sporadic until 1935, when Busch and co-workers announced the observation of similar behavior in potassium dihydrogen phosphate and related compounds. Progress thereafter continued at a modest level with the undertaking of some theoretical as well as further experimental studies. In 1944, von Hippel and co-workers discovered ferroelectricity in barium titanate. The technological importance of ceramic barium titanate and other perovskites led to an upsurge of interest, with many new ferroelectrics being identified in the following decade. By 1967, about 2000 papers on various aspects of ferroelectricity had been published. The bulk of this widely dispersed literature was concerned with the experimental measurement of dielectric, crystallographic, thermal, electromechanical, elastic, optical, and magnetic properties. A critical and excellently organized cpmpilation based on these data appeared in 1969 with the publica tion of Landolt-Bornstein, Volume 111/3. This superb tabulation gave instant access to the results in the literature on nearly 450 pure substances and solid solutions of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric materials. Continuing interest in ferroelectrics, spurred by the growing importance of electrooptic crystals, resulted in the publication of almost as many additional papers by the end of 1969 as had been surveyed in Landolt-Bornstein.

Download or read book Linear Electrooptic Modular Materials written by J. T. Milek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This survey of 13 electrooptic materials includes both a review and compilation of all materials properties relevant to their use in linear (Pockels) electrooptic modulator applications. Information on actual electrooptic modulator design as well as applications for these materials, and data on materials exhibiting a quadratic (Kerr) electrooptic effect, are not included. With these restrictions in mind, every attempt was made to be as comprehensive as possible by utilizing all available sources of literature: books, periodicals, reports, and vendor literature. The files of the Electronic Properties Information Center and full resources of the Hughes Aircraft Company Library were searched for pertinent data, and approximately 1000 articles were reviewed for this pUblication. A brief Introduction to the survey is followed by a description of the Prin ciples of Electrooptic Modulation, emphasizing the importance of crystal symmetry on the electrooptic properties of materials, and including the relationships between the electrooptic, piezooptic, elastooptic and piezoelectric effects in crystals. The survey consists of 13 independent sections, each section covering the properties of one material: crystallographic, optical, electrooptic, photoelastic, piezoelectric, dielectric and thermal. References appearing in the text are listed at the conclusion of each section. Tables and Figures are numbered separately for each section. v TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . • . . . . . 1 PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROOPTIC MODULATION. 5 AMMONIUM DIHYDROGEN ARSENATE (ADA) . 15 AMMONIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (ADP).

Download or read book From Magnetic to Bioactive Materials written by Rainer Pöttgen and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-12-05 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides the broad range of applications of inorganic compounds. Due to their well defined properties they play an important role in many fields either on a large scale in our daily life or as niche products. Experts from industry and academia present the vast amount of distinguished materials focusing on their synthesis and function. Volume 2 covers e.g. electronic, magnetic, biomedical, carbon- and sulfur-based materials and ceramics.

Download or read book Crystal Optics Properties and Applications written by Ashim Kumar Bain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-29 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the properties and applications of photo-elastic, acousto-optic, magneto-optic, electro-optic, and photorefractive materials This book deals with the basic physical properties and applications of photo-elastic, acousto-optic, magneto-optic, electro-optic, and photorefractive materials. It also provides up-to-date information on the design and applications of various optoelectronic devices based on these materials. The first chapter of Crystal Optics: Properties and Applications covers the basic concepts of crystal optics, such as index ellipsoid or optical indicatrix, crystal symmetry, wave surface, birefringence, and the polarization of light. Chapter 2 reviews the physical phenomena of crystal optics in isotropic and crystalline materials. It describes in detail research information on modern photoelastic materials and reviews the up-to-date photoelastic device applications. Chapter 3 develops the underlying theory of acousto-optics from first principles, formulating results suitable for subsequent calculations and design. The fourth chapter describes the basic principles of magneto-optic effects and mode of interaction with magnetic materials. The fifth chapter provides an understanding of the physical phenomenon of the linear and quadratic electro-optic effects in isotropic and crystalline materials. The last chapter collects many of the most important recent developments in photorefractive effects and materials, and pays special attention to recent scientific findings and advances on photorefractive materials and devices. -Features up to date information on the design and applications of various optoelectronic devices -Looks at the basic concepts of crystal optics, including the polarization of light, effects of reflection and transmission of polarization and light polarizing devices, and more -Pays special attention to design procedures for the entire range of acousto-optic devices and various applications of these devices -Provides research information on modern magneto-optic materials and reviews the up-to-date magneto-optic device applications?up to terahertz (THz) regime Crystal Optics: Properties and Applications is an excellent book for the scientific community working in the field, including researchers, lecturers, and advanced students.

Download or read book The Physics of Opto Electronic Materials written by Walter Albers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in this volume represent most of the contributions to the Symposium on the Physics of Opto-Electronic Materials held at the General Motors Research Lab oratories in Warren, Michigan, on October 4, 5 and 6, 1970. The purpose of this Symposium was to examine the current status of knowledge related to the controlled alteration of the optical properties of solids through exter nally-applied agencies, with the aim of assessing possible future directions of scientific effort to achieve efficient, practical control of light. Since the advent of the laser, the scientific community has been motivated to explore, with a renewed vigor, methods of modulating light, and in the last decade several applications of the electrooptic effect in single crystal solids have been real ized. During this same period of time the list of recognized optical modulation ef fects in solids (exclusive of the ordinary electrooptic effects) has grown rapidly, and recently dramatic demonstrations of light modulation by liquid crystal and ferro electric ceramic materials have captured the attention of the scientific community. Unlike the single-crystal electrooptic effects which are quite suitable for modulation of coherent laser light, these latter materials promise relatively inexpensive approaches to the modulation of light from ordinary incoherent light sources. It was these new vistas of light modulation - and how they fit into our current understanding of the optical properties of solids - that the symposium addressed.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Electroceramics written by R. K. Pandey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-12-13 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first textbook to provide in-depth treatment of electroceramics with emphasis on applications in microelectronics, magneto-electronics, spintronics, energy storage and harvesting, sensors and detectors, magnetics, and in electro-optics and acousto-optics Electroceramics is a class of ceramic materials used primarily for their electrical properties. This book covers the important topics relevant to this growing field and places great emphasis on devices and applications. It provides sufficient background in theory and mathematics so that readers can gain insight into phenomena that are unique to electroceramics. Each chapter has its own brief introduction with an explanation of how the said content impacts technology. Multiple examples are provided to reinforce the content as well as numerous end-of-chapter problems for students to solve and learn. The book also includes suggestions for advanced study and key words relevant to each chapter. Fundamentals of Electroceramics: Materials, Devices and Applications offers eleven chapters covering: 1.Nature and types of solid materials; 2. Processing of Materials; 3. Methods for Materials Characterization; 4. Binding Forces in Solids and Essential Elements of Crystallography; 5. Dominant Forces and Effects in Electroceramics; 6. Coupled Nonlinear Effects in Electroceramics; 7. Elements of Semiconductor; 8. Electroceramic Semiconductor Devices; 9. Electroceramics and Green Energy; 10.Electroceramic Magnetics; and 11. Electro-optics and Acousto-optics. Provides an in-depth treatment of electroceramics with the emphasis on fundamental theoretical concepts, devices, and applications with focus on non-linear dielectrics Emphasizes applications in microelectronics, magneto-electronics, spintronics, energy storage and harvesting, sensors and detectors, magnetics and in electro-optics and acousto-optics Introductory textbook for students to learn and make an impact on technology Motivates students to get interested in research on various aspects of electroceramics at undergraduate and graduate levels leading to a challenging career path. Includes examples and problem questions within every chapter that prepare students well for independent thinking and learning. Fundamentals of Electroceramics: Materials, Devices and Applications is an invaluable academic textbook that will benefit all students, professors, researchers, scientists, engineers, and teachers of ceramic engineering, electrical engineering, applied physics, materials science, and engineering.

Download or read book An Introduction to Electrooptic Devices written by Ivan P. Kaminow and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Electrooptic Devices aims to present an introduction to the electrooptic effect and to summarize work on devices employing the electrooptic effect. The book provides the necessary background in classical crystal optics. The text then discusses topics including crystal symmetry, the tensor description of linear dielectric properties, propagation in anisotropic media, and passive crystal optic devices. The book also describes the phenomenological description of tensor nonlinear dielectric properties of crystals, with emphasis on the electrooptic effect; device design and application; and a listing of linear electrooptic coefficients for various substances. People involved in the study of electrooptic devices will find the text invaluable.

Download or read book Principles and Applications of Ferroelectrics and Related Materials written by M. E. Lines and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-02 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a standard work on ferroelectrics.

Download or read book Piezoelectric Materials written by Jiagang Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-05-14 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Piezoelectric Materials Analyze the foundational materials of the electronics industry In recent years piezoelectric materials have become one of the world’s most important classes of functional materials. Their ability to convert between mechanical and electrical energy makes them indispensable for sensors, transducers, actuators, catalysts, and many other foundational electronic devices. As electronics industries expand at unprecedented rates, the range of applications for piezoelectric materials continues to grow. Piezoelectric Materials offers a comprehensive overview of this group of materials, its key properties, and its applications. Beginning with the fundamental science of piezoelectric phenomena, it then analyzes different the numerous different classes of piezoelectric materials and their current and future industrial functions. The result is essential for engineers and materials scientists working in any number of areas. Piezoelectric Materials readers will also find: Analysis of materials types include lead-based and lead-free piezoelectric materials, textured piezoceramics, piezoelectric thin films, and many more Detailed discussion of applications including dielectric energy storage and biomedical technology Authorship by a leading researcher of piezoelectric materials Piezoelectric Materials is ideal for materials scientists, electronic engineers, polymer chemists, solid state chemists, and any other researchers or professionals working with these key materials.

Download or read book Ferroelectric Crystals for Laser Radiation Control written by A. M. Prokhorov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser radiation is used in many ways; to stimulate thermonuclear reactions, to cut glass, to grow crystals & to obtain three dimensional images possessing electro-optic & optical nonlinear properties are used. The crystals widely used at present are of high optical quality & find wide applications but they possess comparatively low electro-optic & nonlinear coefficients. In recent years ferroelectric single crystals of niobates & tantalates of alkali-earth methods have been synthesised & studied in details. These appear to possess high electro-optic, piezoelectric, pyroelectric & nonlinear properties making these crystals ideal for use in device modulation declination & conversion of laser radiation frequency Because of the wide applications of these crystals it is important to fully understand the growth technology. This book presents the basic physical & chemical properties of single crystals of these compounds, gives a brief description of the growth techniques & the various aspects of their application in quantum electronics & nonlinear optics.

Download or read book Coopertive Research Associateships Tenable at the Naval Research Laboratory Washington written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CRC Handbook of Tables for Applied Engineering Science written by Ray E. Bolz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 1184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New tables in this edition cover lasers, radiation, cryogenics, ultra-sonics, semi-conductors, high-vacuum techniques, eutectic alloys, and organic and inorganic surface coating. Another major addition is expansion of the sections on engineering materials and compos-ites, with detailed indexing by name, class and usage. The special Index of Properties allows ready comparisons with respect to single property, whether physical, chemical, electrical, radiant, mechani-cal, or thermal. The user of this book is assisted by a comprehensive index, by cross references and by numerically keyed subject headings at the top of each page. Each table is self-explanatory, with units, abbreviations, and symbols clearly defined and tabular material subdivided for easy reading.