Download or read book European Union Sanctions and Foreign Policy written by Clara Portela and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines sanctions as a political tool of influence and evaluates the efficacy of sanctions imposed by the European Union (EU) against countries from the early 1990s to present day.
Download or read book The Efficacy of Sanctions of the European Union written by Clara Portela and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effectiveness of the economic sanctions imposed by the EU on Russia since March 2014 written by Inga von der Stein and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, , course: Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, language: English, abstract: The debate about the effectiveness of sanctions is not new, but was started at a high political level by the United States’ (US) President Wilson in 1919, when he discussed the utility of sanctions as a foreign policy (FP) instrument which he viewed as an alternative to war. Almost a century later, the debate about the effectiveness of sanctions still lives on. While the US has been a frequent sender of sanctions since WWI, the European Union (EU) has emerged as a new sender of sanctions on the international stage since the 1990s. For this paper, the sanctions imposed by the EU on the Russian Federation (Russia) starting in March 2014 were selected as a case study to investigate the effectiveness of sanctions. This paper applies the framework developed by Hufbauer to analyse the effectiveness of sanctions, which points out that their effectiveness depends on the extent to which the policy objectives by the sender were achieved and the contribution to success that was made by the sanctions. To explain the influence of sanctions on Russia, special emphasis is laid on the political character of the target’s country’s government, which is one of the political variables outlined by Hufbauer.
Download or read book Targeted Sanctions written by Thomas J. Biersteker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematically analyzes the impacts and the effectiveness of UN targeted sanctions over the past quarter century.
Download or read book The EU s Use of targeted Sanctions written by Clara Portela and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyses the use by the European Union of the novel concept of 'targeted sanctions' in the framework of its Common Foreign and Security Policy. It examines two sets of sanctions regimes featuring different degrees of efficacy: in Myanmar and Zimbabwe, the EU wielded measures in support of human rights and democracy objectives in the absence of a United Nations mandate, while it supplemented UN sanctions to stop nuclear proliferation in Iran and North Korea. The study highlights a number of facilitators of, or hindrances to, the efficacy of sanctions, such as the degree of support by regional powers or the presence of UN legitimation. It concludes that the EU sanctions regimes could be optimised by using more robust measures, designing them on the basis of ex ante assessments, enabling faster upgrades, monitoring their impact and adjusting them regularly and improving outreach efforts.
Download or read book The Success of Sanctions written by Francesco Giumelli and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effectiveness of sanctions cannot purely be measured by the way they change the behaviour of their intended target. The degree to which sanctions constrain a rogue state's behaviour and the signals they send to future targets should also be prime considerations. In this thought provoking book Francesco Giumelli measures the true effectiveness of EU sanctions against a range of states including Belarus, Zimbabwe, Moldova, Uzbekistan, the USA and China. He demonstrates that focussing purely on behavioural change is limiting, especially when considering the actions and motivations of an international organisation, and develops a process to evaluate the direct and indirect impact of EU sanctions. Giumelli demonstrates the many different ways sanctions have been used by the EU to produce positive direct and indirect results and provides a multi-level framework to assess the success of sanctions in the future.
Download or read book How EU Sanctions Work written by Francesco Giumelli and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Union has devoted growing attention to sanctions since the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty. In total, the Council has imposed Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) sanctions targeting countries, economic sectors, groups, individuals and entities on 27 different occasions. The novelty in the area of sanctions is that targets are not only states, as in the recent cases of Iran and Syria, but they are also individuals and non-state entities, e.g. anti-terrorist lists, President Robert Mugabe and his associates, and several companies connected with the military junta in Burma/Myanmar. Additionally, the contexts in which sanctions are utilised can be diverse, ranging from the protection of human rights to crisis management and non-proliferation. Despite the fact that the effectiveness of sanctions has been much debated, the EU has developed a sanctioning policy and intensified its adoption of sanctions. Sanctions were traditionally seen as a way to impose economic penalties as a means of extracting political concessions from targets, but EU sanctions do not always impose a cost nor do they always seek to induce behavioural change. To this extent, a new narrative may be needed.
Download or read book The Juridification of Individual Sanctions and the Politics of EU Law written by Eva Nanopoulos and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1990s the then European Community imposed for the first time a set of economic restrictions against a specific entity: the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola. Since then, the individualisation of sanctions has become entrenched, these so-called 'smart' sanctions have proliferated, their targets and scope of application have significantly expanded, and they operate in an increasingly juridified environment. This book aims to shed light on the constitutive dynamics and causes of these developments, with a focus on the juridification of individual sanctions at the European level. To this end it first revisits the phenomenon of individualisation – moving beyond the conventional narrative that individual sanctions emerged because of humanitarian and effectiveness concerns – and situates the 'smarting' of sanctions within the context of broader structural transformations characterised by the consolidation of the global neoliberal order. Second, the book explores why the role of law has been so pronounced in the European context by unearthing the connections between EU law and capitalist order building.
Download or read book Coercing Constraining and Signalling written by Francesco Giumelli and published by ECPR Press. This book was released on 2011-09-13 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The costs of military ventures and concern for human rights has increased the importance of international sanctions in the twenty fist century, but our knowledge is still limited in this area. The United Nations sanctions on Libya, Al Qaeda and Rwanda, or the European Union restrictive measures on the US, Transnistria and Uzbekistan are sparsely covered by the media and attempts to measure the effectiveness of any of these sanctions comes up against the fundamental (unanswered) question: What can sanctions do and when? This book undertakes an innovative approach that overcomes these problems by enhancing our understanding of how sanctions work and by explaining what we can expect from their imposition. Through the analysis of the sanctioning experience of the United Nations and the European Union after the Cold War, the investigation tests a comprehensive theoretical model and concludes that the context in which sanctions are imposed is a crucial element in deciding the type of sanctions adopted. Giumelli shakes the pre-constituted conceptions that we have on sanctions and sets the terms for more constructive debates in the future.
Download or read book U S EU and UN Sanctions written by Adam M. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Backbone of Economic Sanctions Comparing US and EU Sanctions Frameworks written by Konstantin K. Oppolzer and published by Next Generation (ABAKL06). This book was released on 2024-05-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the United States and the European Union have put in place far-reaching and highly coordinated sanctions against Russia. While their sanctions are similar in content, the United States and the European Union differ in their sanctions' history as well as in their respective sanctions frameworks, which govern how sanctions are adopted, implemented, and challenged. These frameworks constitute the backbone of the sanctions imposed and shape their effectiveness and impact. They therefore are critical for the United States' and the European Union's capacity to conduct geopolitics. This article explores the sanctions frameworks of the United States and the European Union from a comparative perspective and investigates their similarities and differences. It argues that the post 2022 sanctions against Russia are in many ways a turning point for the European Union's sanction practice, uncovering considerable insufficiencies, but also sparking critical reflection and much needed innovation. It furthermore underscores that a good look at the long-serving United States' sanctions framework will pay off for the European Union, when creating the foundation for future sanctions regimes.
Download or read book European Union Economic Sanctions on Iran written by Anja Suknaič and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-02-28 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on investigating if economic sanctions represent an efficient tool, which could manage to impair Irans illegal nuclear activities, as well as on researching the real consequences that the economic sanctions bring for individual European Union (EU) members and other relevant countries on the international scene. The efficiency of sanctions has been evaluated with the help of certain political and economic variables. The work includes detailed information on Irans political background, on EUs trade relation with Iran, on Irans nuclear program and on sanctions imposed on Iran.
Download or read book Targeting Peace written by Dr Mikael Eriksson and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the international community has increasingly come to abandon the use of comprehensive sanctions in favour of targeted sanctions. Unlike adopting a coercive strategy on entire states, actors like the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU) have come to resort to measures that are aimed at individuals, groups and government members. Targeted sanctions involve adopting measures such as asset freezes, travel bans, commodity sanctions, as well as arms embargoes. Eriksson argues that recent changes in the practice of sanctions from comprehensive to targeted sanctions requires a new way of understanding international sanctions practice. Not only do we need to rethink our methodology to assess recent practice, but also to rethink the very theory of sanctions. This valuable new perspective provides recent thinking on targeted sanctions, trends in practice and unique case studies for evaluation. Based on substantial research, this is a must-read for students, scholars and practitioners interested in international politics.
Download or read book Why European Union Trade Sanctions Do Not Work written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article analyzes the role of legal, political and economic factors in determining the effectiveness of trade sanctions imposed in response to violation of labor standards. It begins by addressing the theoretical aspects of the linkage between trade and labor and then turns to the practical aspects by examining the application of the recently revised European Union's Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). The article suggests that the reasons why countries fail to respect core labor standards are of critical importance in determining the potential effectiveness of sanctions. If the reason is principally economic the mere threat of sanctions may be enough to motivate a country to modify its policies to prevent economic damages resulting from sanctions. Sanctions are less effective in changing the conduct of countries which violate core labor standards primarily due to political reasons. The European Union's decisions to terminate trade preferences for labor rights violations for Myanmar in 1997 and Belarus in 2006 did not have any significant impact on these countries and are unlikely to achieve their desired objectives in the future for two main reasons. First, the main motivation for these countries' violations is political and the cost of the undemocratic regimes' compliance with international obligations is greater than the cost of non-compliance. Second, both countries have powerful 'sponsors, ' which undermine the economic impact of the European Union's sanctions. Despite the limited effectiveness against the target countries, the withdrawal of trade preferences may have other important effects, such as deterring other potential violators, demonstrating the European Union's commitment to promote core labor standards and strengthening the link between trade and fair labor practices.
Download or read book The Sanctions Decade written by David Cortright and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the end of the Cold War, economic sanctions have been a frequent instrument of UN authority. Based on more than 200 interviews with officials from both sides, this book aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of UN sanctions in the 1990s.
Download or read book On Target written by Iana Dreyer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Amid lingering questions over their utility in restraining the proscribed actions of the Assad regime in Syria, curbing Iran's nuclear programme or softening Russia's aggressive stance on Ukraine, the EU stands to benefit from a balanced, empirically-informed assessment on how sanctions have been implemented, monitored and enforced. This report, the outcome of an EUISS Task Force on sanctions, offers valuable insight into a practice that is now part and parcel of the Union's 'security' policy toolbox. It aims to shed more light on an EU policy area that is still under-researched at a time when sanctions are becoming more important in terms of their number, scale and political salience"--Publisher's web site.
Download or read book EU Law Enforcement written by Stefano Montaldo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-02-22 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existence of a structured enforcement system is an inherent feature of national legal orders and one of the core elements of State sovereignty. The very limited power to issue sanctions has often been deemed a gap in the EC legal order. Over the years, the situation has progressively changed. The Union’s institutional setting is growing in complexity and a variety of agencies has been or is expected to be endowed with law enforcement responsibilities. In addition, the so-called competence creep has led the EU to play an increasingly prominent role in several areas of EU law enforcement, including the issuing of sanctions. This book examines these developments, focusing on both the general features of the EU legal order and the analysis of key-substantive areas, such as banking and monetary union, environmental law, and data protection. The work thus presents a general framework for understanding EU sanctioning based on structural features and general legal principles. Part I develops an analytical framework, tracking the most significant evolutive patterns of EU sanctioning powers. Part II adopts a more practical approach focusing on specific issues and policy areas. The book bridges a gap in existing literature and sheds new light on the relationship between the exercise of jus puniendi and the evolution of EU integration.
