Download or read book Nutritional Needs in Cold and High Altitude Environments written by Committee on Military Nutrition Research and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-05-29 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold or in high-altitude environments and states recommendations regarding the application of this information to military operational rations. It addresses whether, aside from increased energy demands, cold or high-altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients, and whether performance in cold or high-altitude environments can be enhanced by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients.
Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Circulation written by Ronald J. Korthuis and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References
Download or read book The Effects of Temperature on Metabolism During Prolonged Exercise written by Alan Denis Claremont and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Download or read book Food Components to Enhance Performance written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settingsâ€"among othersâ€"experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors. This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting.
Download or read book Exercise Metabolism written by Mark Hargreaves and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2006 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference for biochemists, sport nutritionists, exercise physiologists, and graduate students in those disciplines. Provides information on the metabolic processes that take place during exercise, examining in depth the mobilization and utilization of substrates during physical activity. Focuses primarily on the skeletal muscle, but also discusses the roles of the liver and adipose tissue. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Heat Stress in Sport and Exercise written by Julien D. Périard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is designed to provide a flowing description of the physiology of heat stress, the illnesses associated with heat exposure, recommendations on optimising health and performance, and an examination of Olympic sports played in potentially hot environmental conditions. In the first section the book examines how heat stress effects performance by outlining the basics of thermoregulation and how these responses impact on cardiovascular, central nervous system, and skeletal muscle function. It also outlines the pathophysiology and treatment of exertional heat illness, as well as the role of hydration status during exercise in the heat. Thereafter, countermeasures (e.g. cooling and heat acclimation) are covered and an explanation as to how they may aid in decreasing the incidence of heat illness and minimise the impairment in performance is provided. A novel and particular feature of the book is its inclusion of sport-specific chapters in which the influence of heat stress on performance and health is described, as well as strategies and policies adopted by the governing bodies in trying to offset the deleterious role of thermal strain. Given the breadth and scope of the sections, the book will be a reference guide for clinicians, practitioners, coaches, athletes, researchers, and students.
Download or read book The Biology of Exercise written by Michael J. Joyner and published by Perspectives Cshl. This book was released on 2017 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exercise training provokes widespread transformations in the human body, requiring coordinated changes in muscle composition, blood flow, neuronal and hormonal signaling, and metabolism. These changes enhance physical performance, improve mental health, and delay the onset of aging and disease. Understanding the molecular basis of these changes is therefore important for optimizing athletic ability and for developing drugs that elicit therapeutic effects. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the biological basis of exercise from the molecular to the systemic levels. Contributors discuss how transcriptional regulation, cytokine and hormonal signaling, glucose metabolism, epigenetic modifications, microRNA profiles, and mitochondrial and ribosomal functions are altered in response to exercise training, leading to improved skeletal muscle, hippocampal, and cardiovascular function. Cross talk among the pathways underlying tissue-specific and systemic responses to exercise is also considered. The authors also discuss how the understanding of such molecular mechanisms may lead to the development of drugs that mitigate aging and disease. This volume will therefore serve as a vital reference for all involved in the fields of sports science and medicine, as well as anyone seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms by which exercise promotes whole-body health.
Download or read book Enzymatic Analysis written by Janet V. Passonneau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-07 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymatic Analysis: A Practical Guide is a multipurpose manual of laboratory methods. It offers a systematic scheme for the analysis of biological materials from the level of the whole organ down to the single cell and beyond. It is intended as a guide to the development of new methods, to the refinement of old ones, and to the adaptation in general of methods to almost any scale of sensitivity. As some may realize, the book is a sequel to A Flexible System of Enzymatic Analysis, originally published in 1972. The major changes, other than an appropriate interchange of authors, consist of a wholly new chapter of methods and protocols for measuring enzymes, the addition of 13 new entries in the metabolite chapter, and a much superior chapter on enzymatic cycling. With considerable nostalgia, we have switched from DPN and TPN to NAD and NADP nomenclature, which no doubt will make Otto Warburg turn over in his grave. The incentives for the methodology in this book came from the rigorous demands of quantitative histochemistry and cytochemistry. These demands are specificity, simplicity, flexibility, and, of course, sensitivity—all likewise desirable attributes of methods for other purposes. The specificity is provided by the use of enzyme methods. Simplicity is achieved by leading all reactions to a final pyridine nucleotide step.
Download or read book Exercise Physiology for Health Fitness and Performance written by Sharon Plowman and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2007-06-01 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook integrates basic exercise physiology with research studies to stimulate learning, allowing readers to apply principles in the widest variety of exercise and sport science careers. It combines basic exercise physiology with special applications and contains flexible organisation of independent units.
Download or read book Basic Physiology for Anaesthetists written by David Chambers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-25 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Easily understood, up-to-date and clinically relevant, this book provides junior anaesthetists with an essential physiology resource.
Download or read book Exercise Physiology written by Thomas Fahey and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second of a two volume set.
Download or read book Exertional Heat Illnesses written by Lawrence E. Armstrong and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2003 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only text to focus exclusively on heat-related illnesses. Full of practical advice for professionals in a variety of medical, academic, & commercial settings. Learn how to identify, treat & prevent exertional heat illnesses & ensure your sporting events are safe.
Download or read book Committee on Military Nutrition Research written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-08-04 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The activities of the Food and Nutrition Board's Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR, the committee) have been supported since 1994 by grant DAMD17-94-J-4046 from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC). This report fulfills the final reporting requirement of the grant, and presents a summary of activities for the grant period from December 1, 1994 through May 31, 1999. During this grant period, the CMNR has met from three to six times each year in response to issues that are brought to the committee through the Military Nutrition and Biochemistry Division of the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine at Natick, Massachusetts, and the Military Operational Medicine Program of USAMRMC at Fort Detrick, Maryland. The CMNR has submitted five workshop reports (plus two preliminary reports), including one that is a joint project with the Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women; three letter reports, and one brief report, all with recommendations, to the Commander, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, since September 1995 and has a brief report currently in preparation. These reports are summarized in the following activity report with synopses of additional topics for which reports were deferred pending completion of military research in progress. This activity report includes as appendixes the conclusions and recommendations from the nine reports and has been prepared in a fashion to allow rapid access to committee recommendations on the topics covered over the time period.
Download or read book Exercise and Diabetes written by Sheri R. Colberg and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical movement has a positive effect on physical fitness, morbidity, and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Although exercise has long been considered a cornerstone of diabetes management, many health care providers fail to prescribe it. In addition, many fitness professionals may be unaware of the complexities of including physical activity in the management of diabetes. Giving patients or clients a full exercise prescription that take other chronic conditions commonly accompanying diabetes into account may be too time-consuming for or beyond the expertise of many health care and fitness professionals. The purpose of this book is to cover the recommended types and quantities of physical activities that can and should be undertaken by all individuals with any type of diabetes, along with precautions related to medication use and diabetes-related health complications. Medications used to control diabetes should augment lifestyle improvements like increased daily physical activity rather than replace them. Up until now, professional books with exercise information and prescriptions were not timely or interactive enough to easily provide busy professionals with access to the latest recommendations for each unique patient. However, simply instructing patients to “exercise more” is frequently not motivating or informative enough to get them regularly or safely active. This book is changing all that with its up-to-date and easy-to-prescribe exercise and physical activity recommendations and relevant case studies. Read and learn to quickly prescribe effective and appropriate exercise to everyone.
Download or read book Monitoring Metabolic Status written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-08-29 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. military's concerns about the individual combat service member's ability to avoid performance degradation, in conjunction with the need to maintain both mental and physical capabilities in highly stressful situations, have led to and interest in developing methods by which commanders can monitor the status of the combat service members in the field. This report examines appropriate biological markers, monitoring technologies currently available and in need of development, and appropriate algorithms to interpret the data obtained in order to provide information for command decisions relative to the physiological "readiness" of each combat service member. More specifically, this report also provides responses to questions posed by the military relative to monitoring the metabolic regulation during prolonged, exhaustive efforts, where nutrition/hydration and repair mechanisms may be mismatched to intakes and rest, or where specific metabolic derangements are present.
Download or read book Basic Exercise Physiology written by Moran S. Saghiv and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the assessment of human performance and the role of different exercise modes both in a laboratory and clinical setting. Details of how to successfully perform basic laboratory procedures for exercise training in health and disease, as well as how to apply non-invasive measurements in exercise physiology are provided. Chapters cover how to appropriately use a range of measures in assessing pulmonary function, anaerobic function and oxygen uptake. Techniques for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and the mechanisms associated with thermoregulation are also described. Interactive exercises enable readers to easily assimilate key concepts and develop a thorough understanding of the topic. Basic Exercise Physiology provides both trainees and professional healthcare staff interested in exercise physiology with a detailed and practically applicable resource on the topic.
