Download or read book The Effects of Specific Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Strains and Monensin Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation in Vitro written by Vaughn Barry Holder and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent times there has been much concern among animal product consumers about the safety and use of antimicrobial substances in the production of food for human consumption. This has been driven by the ban of the use of antibiotics at subtherapeutic levels for food animal production in Europe. For this reason, producers are always looking at 'natural alternatives to antibiotics to improve production from their animals. One such alternative is the use of yeast cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in ruminant diets to manipulate rumen fermentation. Yeast culture fed to ruminants has increased production from beef and dairy cattle and sheep as well as stabilizing rumen fermentation under conditions such as rumen acidosis. Yeast culture has been shown to increase the microbial protein supply from the rumen by stimulating growth of bacteria in the rumen. Yeast culture may be used to alleviate the negative effects of rumen antimicrobials such as monensin on rumen microbial populations and fibre digestion. Four separate sets of experiments were undertaken. In the first set of experiments, the effects of 10 specific yeast cultures on the growth of 3 selected rumen bacteria was evaluated. The rumen bacteria evaluated were Ruminococcus albus, Selenomonas ruminantium and Ruminobacter amylophilus. It was found that only two of the ten strains of yeast tested were able to consistently decrease the lag time of the selected rumen bacteria. In the second set of experiments, the effects of yeast culture addition on a rumen fluid based batch culture fermentation was analysed by measuring the gas pressure produced by the fermentation. The results obtained were too variable to draw any conclusions from the data. In the third set of experiments, the effects of yeast, monensin and their combination were evaluated in rumen simulating continuous cultures. It was found that monensin increased the efficiency of the fermentation but decreased the total anaerobic bacteria. Yeast culture increased the total anaerobic bacteria. UNI yeast alleviated the reduction in anaerobic bacteria when combined with monensin. The last set of experiments were an attempt to develop an assay to measure the potential of certain yeast strains to stimulate rumen fermentation. The potential assays were based on the ability of yeasts to stimulate a growing culture of Ruminococcus albus. None of the assays attempted showed obvious potential as a future assay. From the study it seems that yeasts stimulate the growth of certain species of ruminal bacteria but not all yeast strains are able to do so. Yeast supplementation may be fed in combination with monensin in order to reduce the impact of monensin on the microbial populations of the rumen.
Download or read book The Effects of Specific Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Strains and Monensin Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation in Vitro written by Vaughn Barry Holder and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent times there has been much concern among animal product consumers about the safety and use of antimicrobial substances in the production of food for human consumption. This has been driven by the ban of the use of antibiotics at subtherapeutic levels for food animal production in Europe. For this reason, producers are always looking at 'natural alternatives to antibiotics to improve production from their animals. One such alternative is the use of yeast cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in ruminant diets to manipulate rumen fermentation. Yeast culture fed to ruminants has increased production from beef and dairy cattle and sheep as well as stabilizing rumen fermentation under conditions such as rumen acidosis. Yeast culture has been shown to increase the microbial protein supply from the rumen by stimulating growth of bacteria in the rumen. Yeast culture may be used to alleviate the negative effects of rumen antimicrobials such as monensin on rumen microbial populations and fibre digestion. Four separate sets of experiments were undertaken. In the first set of experiments, the effects of 10 specific yeast cultures on the growth of 3 selected rumen bacteria was evaluated. The rumen bacteria evaluated were Ruminococcus albus, Selenomonas ruminantium and Ruminobacter amylophilus. It was found that only two of the ten strains of yeast tested were able to consistently decrease the lag time of the selected rumen bacteria. In the second set of experiments, the effects of yeast culture addition on a rumen fluid based batch culture fermentation was analysed by measuring the gas pressure produced by the fermentation. The results obtained were too variable to draw any conclusions from the data. In the third set of experiments, the effects of yeast, monensin and their combination were evaluated in rumen simulating continuous cultures. It was found that monensin increased the efficiency of the fermentation but decreased the total anaerobic bacteria. Yeast culture increased the total anaerobic bacteria. UNI yeast alleviated the reduction in anaerobic bacteria when combined with monensin. The last set of experiments were an attempt to develop an assay to measure the potential of certain yeast strains to stimulate rumen fermentation. The potential assays were based on the ability of yeasts to stimulate a growing culture of Ruminococcus albus. None of the assays attempted showed obvious potential as a future assay. From the study it seems that yeasts stimulate the growth of certain species of ruminal bacteria but not all yeast strains are able to do so. Yeast supplementation may be fed in combination with monensin in order to reduce the impact of monensin on the microbial populations of the rumen.
Download or read book Probiotic in Animals written by Everlon Rigobelo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-10-03 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades the prevalence of studies about probiotics strains has dramatically grown in most regions of the world. The use of probiotics strains in animals production may reduce several problems caused by antibiotics therapy, growth promoter and problems from inadequate management. Probiotics are specific strains of microorganisms, which when served to human or animals in proper amount, have a beneficial effect, improving health or reducing risk of get sick. This book provides the maximum of information for all that need them trying with this to help many people at worldwide.
Download or read book Laboratory Manual for Classification and Morphology of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa written by B.A. Dehority and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only rumen protozoa lab guide featuring line drawings created by a leading scientist in the field Laboratory Manual for Classification and Morphology of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa is a unique lab guide for learning how to count and identify rumen protozoa. In this guide, Professor Dehority has created line drawings of rumen protozoa that emphasize morphological features and size measurements. The book also provides keys for identifying genera and species, and it contains classifications and descriptions of the different orders and families of rumen ciliate protozoa. Procedures for counting rumen protozoa and identifying individual species are included as well. Laboratory Manual for Classification and Morphology of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa will be an excellent identification guide for protozoologists, microbiologists, dairy scientists, and any researcher or student working with rumen protozoa.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rumen Microbiology From Evolution to Revolution written by Anil Kumar Puniya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-11 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an in-depth description of different groups of microbes (i.e. bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses) that exist in the rumen microbial community, and offers an overview of rumen microbiology, the rumen microbial ecosystem of domesticated ruminants, and rumen microbial diversity. It provides the latest concepts on rumen microbiology for scholars, researchers and teachers of animal and veterinary sciences. With this goal in mind, throughout the text we focus on specific areas related to the biology and complex interactions of the microbes in rumen, integrating significant key issues in each respective area. We also discuss rumen manipulation with plant secondary metabolites, microbial feed additives, utilization of organic acids, selective inhibition of harmful rumen microbes, and ‘omics’ approaches to manipulating rumen microbial functions. A section on the exploration and exploitation of rumen microbes addresses topics including the current state of knowledge on rumen metagenomics, rumen: an underutilized niche for industrially important enzymes and ruminal fermentations to produce fuels. We next turn our attention to commercial applications of rumen microbial enzymes and to the molecular characterization of euryarcheal communities within an anaerobic digester. A section on intestinal disorders and rumen microbes covers acidosis in cattle, urea/ ammonia metabolism in the rumen and nitrate/ nitrite toxicity in ruminant diets. Last, the future prospects of rumen microbiology are examined, based on the latest developments in this area. In summary, the book offers a highly systematic collection of essential content on rumen microbiology.
Download or read book Biotechnology in Animal Feeds and Animal Feeding written by R. John Wallace and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the dramatically rising sophistication of biological methods and products and the increasing use of recombinant DNA technology, now is an apt time to review the status of biotechnology in animal feeding. This book gives succinct yet comprehensive coverage of products of biotechnology and allied sciences used in animal feed and feeding industries. Particular emphasis is placed on: - Conservation and upgrading of feeds and feed components - Increasing the protein value of feeds - Antimicrobials - Microbial feed additives - Increasing the energy value of feeds. Moreover, increasing environmental concerns are reflected in chapters describing dietary products which may help to reduce environmental hazards from animal feeding enterprises. A discussion of social and legislative aspects relating to biotechnology and animal feeding rounds off this useful compilation of timely articles.
Download or read book Yeast written by Antonio Morata and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yeast - Industrial Applications is a book that covers applications and utilities of yeasts in food, chemical, energy, and environmental industries collected in 12 chapters. The use of yeasts in the production of metabolites, enzymatic applications, fermented foods, microorganism controls, bioethanol production, and bioremediation of contaminated environments is covered showing results, methodologies, and processes and describing the specific role of yeasts in them. The traditional yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is complemented in many applications with the use of less known non-Saccharomyces yeasts that now are being used extensively in industry. This book compiles the experience and know-how of researchers and professors from international universities and research centers.
Download or read book Biology of Nutrition in Growing Animals written by R. Mosenthin and published by Biology of Growing Animals. This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the Biology of Growing Animals series, this book presents up-to-date information on the biology of animal nutrition. It describes how dietary modulation of the gastrointestinal function in young and growing farm animals is achieved through different kinds of feed additives, such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and novel sources of feed enzymes, as well as bioactive components and metabolic modifiers. The book also discusses the role of nutrition in immune response and animal health, the problem of antinutrients - including mucotoxins and some minerals - in animal nutrition, and the biotechnological, molecular, and ecophysiological aspects of nutrition. In addition, safety and legal aspects are presented. Critical review and state-of-the art articles written by recognized specialsists in animal nutrition and gastrointestinal physiology Novel approaches for improving gastrointestinal function in young farm animals New ways of interpretation of basic knowledge of nutrition
Download or read book Improving Rumen Function written by Chris McSweeney and published by Burleigh Dodds Agricultural Sc. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part 1 summarises advances in analysing the rumen microbiome. Part 2 reviews recent research on different types of rumen microbiota. Part 3 discusses the way the rumen processes nutrients whilst Part 4 explores nutritional strategies to optimise rumen function.
Download or read book Prebiotics and Probiotics Science and Technology written by Dimitris Charalampopoulos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-12 with total page 1273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview on the advances in the field, this volume presents the science underpinning the probiotic and prebiotic effects, the latest in vivo studies, the technological issues in the development and manufacture of these types of products, and the regulatory issues involved. It will be a useful reference for both scientists and technologists working in academic and governmental institutes, and the industry.
Download or read book Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Production written by Pierre J. Gerber and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential of nutritional, manure and animal husbandry practices for mitigating methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) - i.e. non-carbon dioxide (CO2) - GHG emissions from livestock production. These practices were categorized into enteric CH4, manure management and animal husbandry mitigation practices. Emphasis was placed on enteric CH4 mitigation practices for ruminant animals (only in vivo studies were considered) and manure mitigation practices for both ruminant and monogastric species. Over 900 references were reviewed; simulation and life cycle assessment analyses were generally excluded
Download or read book Biofuel Co products as Livestock Feed written by Harinder P. S. Makkar and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2012 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication covers a wide array of co-products.
Download or read book The Development Nutrition and Management of the Young Calf written by Carl L. Davis and published by Iowa State Press. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indispensable resource for the dairy farmer or veterinarian, the researcher, teacher, or advanced student, this book puts the cutting–edge science of raising dairy calves into an accessible, usable form. Geared to those with a basic understanding of principles of animal nutrition and husbandry, the volume gives a comprehensive account of all aspects of calf rearing, from the rudiments of anatomy and development through the practicalities of feeding and housing. The Development, Nutrition and Management of the Young Calf begins with an overview of how the calf′s digestive system develops, highlighting the period of transition from preruminant to ruminant digestion. Here the authors provide information essential to understanding nutritional needs and restrictions during the liquid–feeding phase in the young calf as well as those factors that govern the development of a functional rumen. Major emphasis is given to the energy and protein requirements of the young calf, with attention to the effects of environmental temperature on energy requirements. The authors also review the adequacy of current National Research Council recommendations on the energy and protein requirements of young calves. They discuss the management, nutrition, and care of the pregnant cow as well as calving management necessary to deliver a healthy calf. Other topics include liquid–feeding systems, formulation and use of milk replacers and starter feeds, the weaning process, housing principles, and the interactions of nutrition and disease
Download or read book Climate Change Impact on Livestock Adaptation and Mitigation written by Veerasamy Sejian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-31 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses in detail both livestock’s role in climate change and the impacts of climate change on livestock production and reproduction. Apart from these cardinal principles of climate change and livestock production, this volume also examines the various strategies used to mitigate livestock-related GHG emissions, and those which can reduce the impacts of climate change on livestock production and reproduction. Presenting information and case studies collected and analyzed by professionals working in diversified ecological zones, the book explores the influence of climate change on livestock production across the globe. The most significant feature of this book is that it addresses in detail the different adaptation strategies and identifies targets for different stakeholders in connection with climate change and livestock production. Further, it puts forward development plans that will allow the livestock industries to cope with current climate changes and strategies that will mitigate the effects by 2025. Lastly, it provides researchers and policymakers several researchable priorities to help develop economically viable solutions for livestock production with less GHG emissions, promoting a cleaner environment in which human beings and livestock can live in harmony without adverse effects on productivity. Given that livestock production systems are sensitive to climate change and at the same are themselves a contributor to the phenomenon, climate change has the potential to pose an increasingly formidable challenge to the development of the livestock sector. However, there is a dearth of scientific information on adapting livestock production to the changing climate; as such, well-founded reference material on sustaining livestock production systems under the changing climate scenarios in different agro-ecological zones of the world is essential. By methodically and extensively addressing all aspects of climate change and livestock production, this volume offers a valuable tool for understanding the hidden intricacies of climatic stress and its influence on livestock production.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-09 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Download or read book Periparturient Diseases of Dairy Cows written by Burim N. Ametaj and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the results achieved so far by application of various biological systems (including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) involved in the pathomechanisms and early diagnosis of periparturient diseases as specific biomarkers of disease in cattle. These emerging technologies help to extensively enhance our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of periparturient diseases of transition dairy cows. The book includes a chapter dedicated to ‘omics’ sciences and one that discusses the myths established in animal and veterinary sciences in recent decades and emerging, new paradigms. The diseases discussed include metritis, mastitis, laminitis, ketosis, rumen acidosis, periparturient immunosuppression, gastrointestinal microbiota and their involvement in disease, infertility, fatty liver, milk fever, and retained placenta. This book is intended for academics, veterinarians, animal nutritionists, researchers, and graduate students working in the field of ‘omics sciences’ with a special interest in dairy cattle health.
