Download or read book The Effects of Serine and Acetate Metabolism on the Ability of Escherichia Coli CFT073 to Colonize the Murine Urinary Tract written by Andrew Thomas Anfora and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of the Response of Uropathic Escherichia Coli Strain CFT073 to D serine written by Brian James Haugen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Aspects of Stress Response and Metabolism in Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli CFT073 written by Heer Hemant Mehta and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uropathogenic Escherchia coli (UPEC) is the causative agent of urinary tract infections. Nitric oxide (NO) is a toxic water-soluble gas that is encountered by UPEC in the urinary tract. Therefore, UPEC likely requires mechanisms to detoxify NO in the host environment. Thus far, flavohemoglobin (Hmp), an NO denitrosylase, is the only demonstrated NO detoxification system in UPEC. Here we show that, in strain CFT073, the NADH-dependent NO reductase flavorubredoxin (FlRd) also plays a major role in NO scavenging. We generated a mutant that lacks all known and candidate NO detoxification pathways (Hmp, FlRd and the respiratory nitrite reductase, NrfA). When grown anaerobically, this mutant expresses an NO-inducible NO scavenging activity, pointing to the existence of a novel detoxification mechanism. Expression of this activity is inducible by both NO and nitrate, and the enzyme is membrane associated. The activity shows a complex pattern of regulation by NsrR, FNR, NarL and NarP. Genome wide transcriptional profiling of UPEC grown under anaerobic conditions in the presence of a source of NO highlights various aspects of the response of the pathogen to NO. Our data suggest that exposure to a source of NO causes a reprogramming of energy metabolism in UPEC, and may contribute to increased expression of virulence-associated genes. Thus, virulence determinants may be expressed by UPEC in response to a host-generated signal, and NO may act as a signal of a suitable host environment. Inactivation of genes encoding essential proteins makes bacteria auxotrophic for compounds that are products of reactions catalyzed by these proteins. One such gene is lpd, encoding dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, deletion of which creates a requirement for acetate and succinate during aerobic growth of E. coli K-12 in glucose minimal media. In addition to lpd, CFT073 has an lpd homolog in its genome. We tried to identify the role, if any, of the lpd homolog. We also isolated suppressors of CFT073 lacking lpd and its homolog that did not require supplements for growth. Here, we describe our effort to identify these suppressor mutations and provide probable explanations for adaptations in a CFT073 lpd deletion strain that enable it to overcome the metabolic stress imposed by the lack of Lpd.
Download or read book Urinary Tract Infections written by Harry L. T. Mobley and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a comprehensive review of both the basic sciences and the important areas of clinical management pertaining to one of the most common infectious disease problems today. The pioneering work of some of the early molecular biologists is covered in the first part of the book. Part Two goes on to review the major areas of patient care and interesting areas of clinical practice. This book will be a very useful reference resource for all infectious disease physicians and will serve as an important overview of the science for all people working in the field of microbial pathogenesis
Download or read book The Role of Biofilms in Device Related Infections written by Mark Shirtliff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 60% of all hospital-associated infections, over one million cases per year, are due to biofilms that have formed on indwelling medical devices. Device-related biofilm infections increase hospital stays and add over one billion dollars/year to U.S. hospitalization costs. Since the use and the types of indwelling medical devices commonly used in modern healthcare are continuously expanding, especially with an aging population, the incidence of biofilm infections will also continue to rise. The central problem with microbial biofilm infections of foreign bodies is their propensity to resist clearance by the host immune system and all antimicrobial agents tested to date. In fact, compared to their free floating, planktonic counterparts, microbes within a biofilm are 50 – 500 times more resistant to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, achieving therapeutic and non-lethal dosing regimens within the human host is impossible. The end result is a conversion from an acute infection to one that is persistent, chronic, and recurrent, most often requiring device removal in order to eliminate the infection. This text will describe the major types of device-related infections, and will explain the host, pathogen, and the unique properties of their interactions in order to gain a better understanding of these recalcitrant infections.
Download or read book The Genus Yersinia written by Robert D. Perry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-25 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 9th International Symposium on Yersinia was held in Lexington, Kentucky, USA on October 10-14, 2006. Over 250 Yersinia researchers from 18 countries gathered to present and discuss their research. In addition to 37 oral presentations, there were 150 poster presentations. This Symposium volume is based on selected presentations from the meeting and contains both reviews and research articles. It is divided into six topic areas: 1) genomics; 2) structure and metabolism; 3) regulatory mechanisms; 4) pathogenesis and host interactions; 5) molecular epidemiology and detection; and 6) vaccine and antimicrobial therapy development. Consequently, this volume covers a wide range of current research areas in the Yersinia field.
Download or read book Biofilms in Human Diseases Treatment and Control written by Sunil Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights treatment strategies for bacterial biofilms in connection with a variety of human diseases. In particular, it reviews bacterial biofilm formation and its mechanism. Topics covered include biofilms in human health, the role of biofilms in mediating human diseases, and methods for testing bacterial biofilms. Further sections concentrate on biofilm-mediated diseases in different parts of the human gastrointestinal tract, while therapeutic strategies for biofilm control and natural agents that disrupt bacterial biofilms are also covered. Readers will also find the latest advances in probiotics and biofilms, as well as the use of probiotics to counteract biofilm-associated infections. Biofilms and antimicrobial resistance are discussed. Subsequent chapters address the management of inflammatory bowel disease via probiotics biofilms, as well as the role of probiotics bacteria in the treatment of human diseases associated with bacterial biofilms. The book is chiefly intended for clinicians/scientists in the fields of medical microbiology, applied microbiology, biochemistry, and biotechnology.
Download or read book Biomarkers in Inborn Errors of Metabolism written by Uttam Garg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-07 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomarkers of Inborn Errors in Metabolism: Clinical Aspects and Laboratory Determination is structured around the new reality that laboratory testing and biomarkers are an integral part in the diagnosis and treatment of inherited metabolic diseases. The book covers currently used biomarkers as well as markers that are in development. Because biomarkers used in the initial diagnosis of disease may be different than the follow-up markers, the book also covers biomarkers used in both the prognosis and treatment of inherited metabolic disorders. With the introduction of expanded new-born screening for inborn metabolic diseases, an increasing numbers of laboratories are involved in follow-up confirmatory testing. The book provides guidance on laboratory test selection and interpreting results in patients with suspected inherited metabolic diseases. The book provides comprehensive guidance on patient diagnosis and follow-up through its illustrative material on metabolic pathways, genetics and pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis of inherited metabolic diseases, along with essential information on clinical presentation. Each chapter is organized with a uniform, easy-to-follow format: a brief description of the disorder and pathway; a description of treatment; biomarkers for diagnosis; biomarkers followed for treatment efficacy; biomarkers followed for disease progression; confounding conditions that can either: affect biomarker expression or mimic IEMs; other biomarkers: less established, future. - Provides comprehensive information on the tests/biomarkers selection in newborn screening and follow-up of newborn screens - Categorizes biomarkers into diagnostic markers, disease follow-up markers, and prognostic biomarkers - Covers confounding factors that can alter biomarkers in the absence of inborn errors of metabolism - Offers guidance on how to distinguish acquired causes from inborn errors of metabolism
Download or read book The Prokaryotes written by Martin Dworkin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 959 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the launch of its first electronic edition, The Prokaryotes, the definitive reference on the biology of bacteria, enters an exciting new era of information delivery. Subscription-based access is available. The electronic version begins with an online implementation of the content found in the printed reference work, The Prokaryotes, Second Edition. The content is being fully updated over a five-year period until the work is completely revised. Thereafter, material will be continuously added to reflect developments in bacteriology. This online version features information retrieval functions and multimedia components.
Download or read book Bacterial Genomes and Infectious Diseases written by Ricky V.L Chan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first bacterial genome, Haemophilus influenzae, was completely sequenced, annotated, and published in 1995. Today, more than 200 prokaryotic (archaeal and bacterial) genomes have been completed and over 500 prokaryotic genomes are in va- ous stages of completion. Seventeen eukaryotic genomes plus four eukaryotic chro- somes have been completed. The concept of achieving better understanding of an organism through knowledge of the complete genomic sequence was first demonstrated in 1978 when the first bacteriophage genome, X174, was sequenced. Complete genomic sequences of prokaryotes have led to a better understanding of the biology and evolution of the microbes, and, for pathogens, facilitated identification of new vaccine candidates, putative virulence genes, targets for antibiotics, new strategy for rapid diagnosis, and investigation of bacteria–host interactions and disease mec- nisms. Recent increased interest in microbial pathogens and infectious diseases is largely attributed to the re-emergence of infectious diseases like tuberculosis, emergence of new infectious diseases like AIDS and severe acute respiratory syndrome, the problem of an increasing rate of emergence of antibiotic-resistant variants of pathogens, and the fear of bioterrorism. Microbes are highly diverse and abundant in the biosphere. Less than 1% of these morphologically identified microbes can be cultured in vitro using standard techniques and conditions. With such abundance of microbes in nature, we can expect to see new variants and new species evolve and a small number will emerge as pathogens to humans.
Download or read book Surveying Antimicrobial Resistance The New Complexity of the Problem written by Gilberto Igrejas and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In January of 2015, under the 1st International Caparica Conference in Antibiotic Resistance, a Research Topic entitled: “Surveying Antimicrobial Resistance: Approaches, Issues, and Challenges to overcome”, was published (http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/3763/surveying-antimicrobial-resistanceapproaches- issues-and-challenges-to-overcome). The problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), caused by excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics, is a public health issue that concerns us all. The introduction of penicillin in the 1940s, the start of the antibiotics era, has been recognized as one of the greatest advances in therapeutic medicine. However, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), AMR infections are now an increasing worldwide public health threat and a post-antibiotic era is imminent, where common infections and minor injuries could be fatal. AMR is a typical ‘One Health’ problem, in which livestock animals and the environment constitute AMR reservoirs and transmission routes to and from the human population. Without effective antimicrobials to counter and prevent infections, other major achievements in modern medicine, such as organ transplantation, cancer chemotherapy and major surgery, risk being compromised. AMR infections in animals have negative outcomes on animal health, welfare, biosecurity and production. In 2006, the ban of growth promoting antibiotics highlighted antibiotic use in animal production as a risk factor in the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Bacteria can be transferred to humans via several routes; consumption of animal products, exposure through contact with animals, and the contamination of ground and surface waters by animal waste products. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that antimicrobial use in animals is reduced to a minimum, without compromising animal health and welfare. Mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance are classified according to the types of antibiotic molecules or their targets in the cell. Environmental antibiotic-resistance genes are spread then acquired by clinically relevant microorganisms. Many resistance genes are conveyed into pathogen genomes via mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, transposons or integrons, increasing the propagation of potential resistant pathogens. Substantial progress has already been made in elucidating the basic regulatory networks that endow bacteria with their extraordinary capacity to adapt to a diversity of lifestyles and external stress factors. So how will we face bacteria in the future?
Download or read book Biofilm Infections written by Thomas Bjarnsholt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will cover both the evidence for biofilms in many chronic bacterial infections as well as the problems facing these infections such as diagnostics and treatment regimes. A still increasing interest and emphasis on the sessile bacterial lifestyle biofilms has been seen since it was realized that that less than 0.1% of the total microbial biomass lives in the planktonic mode of growth. The term was coined in 1978 by Costerton et al. who defined the term biofilm for the first time.In 1993 the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) recognised that the biofilmmode of growth was relevant to microbiology. Lately many articles have been published on the clinical implications of bacterial biofilms. Both original articles and reviews concerning the biofilm problem are available.
Download or read book Molecular and Genetic Basis of Renal Disease written by David B. Mount and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This companion to Brenner and Rector's The Kidney offers a state-of-the-art summary of the most recent advances in renal genetics. Molecular and Genetic Basis for Renal Disease provides the nephrologist with a comprehensive look at modern investigative tools in nephrology research today, and reviews the molecular pathophysiology of the nephron as well as the most common genetic and acquired renal diseases. A comprehensive clinical review of Medelian renal disease is also be included. Detailed review of the molecular anatomy and pathophysiology of the nephron that provides relevant basic science to consider when diagnosing and managing patients with these disorders.
Download or read book Iron Transport in Bacteria written by Jorge H. Crosa and published by Amer Society for Microbiology. This book was released on 2004 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: provides an up–to–date survey of iron transport systems in bacteria; details iron transport and its regulation in E.colias a prototype for iron transport systems in gram–negative bacteria; includes chapters on the major gram–negative, gram–positive and acid–fast bacterial pathogens – their iron transport systems and the roles of these systems in virulence; presents structural studies of siderophores, heme carriers, and iron transport proteins; discusses the ecology of siderophores and potential therapeutic uses of siderophores.
Download or read book Bacterial Genomics written by Aswin Sai Narain Seshasayee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the application of genomic tools to examine bacterial adaptation. The emphasis is on data analysis and interpretation.
Download or read book Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents written by Carlos M. Franco and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is full of plants and animals that have their own defenses, producing various substances in their daily fight against bacteria, fungi, or other agents. These products are alternatives to conventional antimicrobials that have a poor reputation with consumers. Many of these compounds are well known; however, the multiple types of structures together with the variable responses depending of the type of biocontrol needed in a wide range of applications, such as clinical, agricultural, general hygiene, and food, necessitates the continuous search for specific applications and the continuous study of how to use these substances. The present book provides a summary of reviews and original research works that explore the multiple alternatives for the use of these compounds.
Download or read book Biofilms and Implantable Medical Devices written by Ying Deng and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-10-24 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofilms and Implantable Medical Devices: Infection and Control explores the increasing use of permanent and semi-permanent implants and indwelling medical devices. As an understanding of the growth and impact of biofilm formation on these medical devices and biomaterials is vital for protecting the health of the human host, this book provides readers with a comprehensive treatise on biofilms and their relationship with medical devices, also reporting on infections and associated strategies for prevention. - Provides useful information on the fundamentals of biofilm problems in medical devices - Discusses biofilm problems in a range of medical devices - Focuses on strategies for prevention of biofilm formation
