Download or read book The Effects of Renewable Energy Policies on Landfill Gas to energy Project Development written by Han Kyul Yoo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the call for greenhouse gas mitigation becomes more and more urgent, both in the United States and in many other countries, landfill owners are encouraged to contribute to emission reduction by developing Landfill Gas-to-Energy (LFGE) projects. Since the first LFGE electricity generation project in 1982 and with the increased support for renewable sources of energy, LFGE projects have increased in number. This study examines the influence of state policies, including state grants, production tax credits, investment tax credits, and Renewable Portfolio Standards, on landfill owners' and developers' decisions to build LFGE projects. This question is addressed using econometric models such as linear probability models and various logit models. The four policy variables are shown to have no significant effect on LFGE project adoption according to the logit estimations. Variables such as the gas price, public ownership, landfill age, and amount of waste are shown to have a significant effect on increasing project adoption. The linear probability model, despite its flaws in addressing the issue, produces positive and significant results for the effects of the RPS and state grant policies on project adoption. iii.
Download or read book Assessing the Role of Renewable Energy Policies in Landfill Gas Energy Projects written by Shanjun Li and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methane is the second most prevalent greenhouse gas and has a global warming potential at least 28 times as high as carbon dioxide. Municipal solid waste landfills are reported to be the third-largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions in the United States, responsible for 18 percent of emissions in 2011. Capturing landfill gas for use as an energy source for electricity or heat produces alternative energy as well as environmental benefits. A host of federal and state policies encourage the development of landfill-gas-to-energy projects. Our research provides the first systematic economic assessment of the role these policies play in adoption decisions. Results suggest that renewable portfolio standards and investment tax credits have contributed to the development of these projects, accounting for 13 of 277 projects during our data period from 1991 to 2010. These policy-induced projects have led to 12.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and a net benefit of $52.59 million.
Download or read book From Landfill Gas to Energy written by Vasudevan Rajaram and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Converting old landfills to energy producing sites, while capturing emitted greenhouse gases, has faced numerous technical, financial and social challenges and developments lately. Also, the re-mining of landfills to recover useful land in dense urban areas and proper landfill closure has been a subject of discussion and investigation. Designed as an overview text for landfill management from cradle to grave, this volume’s content stretches from the fundamentals to the rather indepth details. By putting down their joint international experience, the authors have intended to both guide and inspire the user for his or her landfill project. Introducing the fundamental concepts of landfill gas management and its needs and importance in the present world energy scenario, this accessible reference volume presents key landfill gas management techniques at regional, national and global levels. In detail, it gives an account of the recent technologies available for landfill gas treatment and its utilization. It summarizes landfill gas prediction models developed in various parts of the world and details their adequacy in various field conditions. Covering both landfill remediation aspects and economic considerations while selecting a landfill gas to energy utilization project, the reader gets familiar with the practical aspects of converting a landfill site. Also, the challenges faced by municipalities and landfill operators in recovering landfill gas as an energy source are described, and solutions are suggested for solving them effectively. These include practical execution problems, governmental issues, and developing policies to encourage investment. The volume also includes various case studies of landfill gas-to-energy utilization projects from around the world, which can be reviewed and customized for the reader’s own application with the help of extensive reference section. Intended as an overview text for advanced students and researchers in the relevant engineering and technology fields (Environmental, Civil, Geotechnical, Chemical, Mechanical and Electrical), this book will also be particularly helpful to practitioners such as municipal managers, landfill operators, designers, solid waste management engineers, urban planners, professional consultants, scientists, non-governmental organizations and entrepreneurs.
Download or read book Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation written by Ottmar Edenhofer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-11-21 with total page 1088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SRREN) assesses the potential role of renewable energy in the mitigation of climate change. It covers the six most important renewable energy sources - bioenergy, solar, geothermal, hydropower, ocean and wind energy - as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It considers the environmental and social consequences associated with the deployment of these technologies, and presents strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion. SRREN brings a broad spectrum of technology-specific experts together with scientists studying energy systems as a whole. Prepared following strict IPCC procedures, it presents an impartial assessment of the current state of knowledge: it is policy relevant but not policy prescriptive. SRREN is an invaluable assessment of the potential role of renewable energy for the mitigation of climate change for policymakers, the private sector, and academic researchers.
Download or read book Using Landfill Gas for Energy Project that Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic and Financial Aspects of Landfill Gas to Energy Project Development in California written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Turning a Liability Into an Asset a Landfill Gas To Energy Project Development Handbook written by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turning a Liability into an Asset A Landfill Gas-To-Energy Project Development Handbook
Download or read book Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases written by Barry Leonard and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003-06 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 21st century, management of municipal solid waste (MSW) continues to be an important environmental challenge facing the U.S. Climate change is also a serious issue, & the U.S. is embarking on a number of voluntary actions to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that can intensify climate change. By presenting material-specific GHG emission factors for various waste management options, this report examines how the two issues -- MSW management & climate change -- are related. The report's findings may be used to support a variety of programs & activities, including voluntary reporting of emission reductions from waste management practices. Charts, tables & graphs.
Download or read book International Perspective on Energy Recovery from Landfill Gas written by CADDET Centre for Renewable Energy and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landfill Management Practices for Maximum Energy and Environmental Benefits written by Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology. Efficiency and Alternative Energy Technology Branch and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents guidelines for optimizing landfill gas production and minimizing the effects associated with its direct release to the environment. The feasibility of adapting these guidelines to a new or existing site is also examined. A three-phase investigation was conducted aimed at defining landfill practices leading to maximum energy and environmental benefit. Phase 1 involved the collection of material on ways to optimize landfill gas production and on the potential impacts of its uncontrolled release on the environment; Phase 2 involved researching or the development of methods to minimize the environmental effect and an assessment of the practicality of applying the methods of optimizing gas production while minimizing its harmful effects at active, closed, and future landfill sites; and Phase 3 summarized the benefits of controlling landfill gas and utilizing it.
Download or read book Green Power from Landfill Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 2008* with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fact sheet provides information about landfill gas as a renewable energy resource and the inclusion of landfill gas in green power programs. It also provides summary information, the current status of landfill gas energy projects in the United States, and the environmental and economic benefits attributable to these projects.
Download or read book Renewable Energies in the USA written by Ronny Kittler and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2004-08-09 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Study from the year 2003 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: 1,0 (A), University of Leipzig (Institute for Politcal Science), language: English, abstract: INTRODUCTION "America must have an energy policy that plans for the future, but meets the needs of today. I believe we can develop our natural resources and protect our environment." President George W. Bush (National Energy Policy, 2001) When in 2000 the negotiations over the Kyoto Protocol were proceeding, the Clinton administration showed severe reluctance to commit to another multilateral environmental regime. George W. Bush eventually pulled completely out of the Protocol - much to the disappointment and frustration of many countries which had supported the process despite their own hesitations. As a result, more attention has been paid to U.S. environmental policies that were announced in the aftermath of the U.S. withdrawal. The Bush administration announced the need for further research on climate change and aslo supported, in general, the promotion of renewable energy, particularly of hydrogen technology. As a contribution to the International Renewable Energy Conference to be hosted by Germany in Bonn from June 2 to 6, 2004, this paper seeks to examine domestic policies implemented in the United States to promote renewable energy. With respect to the constitutional division of power and differences in political strategies and programs, the paper makes a distinction between federal and state policies regarding renewable energy. The following discussion will show that, despite a reluctance on the federal level, much progress in promoting renewables on the state level has been made and is likely to continue. While the development on the state level is very promising, a comprehensive federal approach, crucial for a sustainable change in energy supply, is still missing. Chapter One briefly outlines what definition of ‚renewable energy′ is relevant for the paper, and which renewable energy sources are included in the discussion. After a short description of pertinent alternative energy sources, a discussion of federal attempts to further the development of renewables will follow in Chapter Two. The paper identifies federal mandates, incentives, research and development and federal programs as the four major fields of federal activity and discusses them accordingly. Chapter Three gives a comprehensive overview of the state activities regarding alternative energy sources. The paper makes a distinction between financial incentives; rules, regulations and policies; and outreach and voluntary programs to describe activities on the state level. ...
Download or read book Climate Change and Public Health written by Barry S. Levy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-02 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of Climate Change and Public Health comprehensively covers the health impacts of climate change, including heat-related and respiratory disorders, vectorborne and waterborne diseases, malnutrition, mental disorders, and violence. It provides a thorough understanding of the policymaking process and energy, transportation, and agriculture policies for mitigation. It covers health adaptation, sustainable built environments, and nature-based solutions to address climate change. Finally, it describes ways of strengthening public and political support, including communicating the health relevance of climate change, building movements, and promoting climate justice.
Download or read book Landfill Gas written by Atomic Energy Research Establishment. Energy Technology Support Unit. New and Renewable Energy Programme and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landfill Methane Gas power for Your Future written by Kathie Moh and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landfill Gas to Energy written by Hamid R. Amini and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Municipal solid waste (MSW) management strategies typically include a combination of three approaches, recycling, combustion, and landfill disposal. In the US approximately 54% of the generated MSW was landfilled in 2008, mainly because of its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. However, landfills remain a major concern due to potential landfill gas (LFG) emissions, generated from the chemical and biological processes occurring in the disposed waste. The main components of LFG are methane (50-60%) and carbon dioxide (40-50%). Although LFG poses a threat to the environment, if managed properly it is a valuable energy resource due to the methane content. Currently there are over 550 active LFG to energy (LFGTE) facilities in the US, producing renewable energy from LFG. A major challenge in designing/operating a LFGTE facility is the uncertainty in LFG generation rate predictions. LFG generation rates are currently estimated using models that are dependent upon the waste disposal history, moisture content, cover type, and gas collection system, which are associated with significant uncertainties. The objectives of this research were to: (1) Evaluate various approaches of estimating LFG generation and to quantify the uncertainty of the model outcomes based on case-study analysis, (2) Present a methodology to predict long-term LFGTE potential under various operating practices on a regional scale, and (3) Investigate costs and benefits of emitting vs. collecting LFG emissions with regards to operation strategies and regulations. The first-order empirical model appeared to be insensitive to the approach taken in quantifying the model parameters, suggesting that the model may be inadequate to accurately describe LFG generation and collection. The uncertainty values for the model were, in general, at their lowest within five years after waste placement ended. Because of the exponential nature, the uncertainty increased as LFG generation declined to low values decades after the end of waste placement. A methodology was presented to estimate LFGTE potential on a regional scale over a 25-year timeframe with consideration of modeling uncertainties. The methodology was demonstrated for the US state of Florida, and showed that Florida could increase the annual LFGTE production by more than threefold by 2035 through installation of LFGTE facilities at all landfills. Results showed that diverting food waste could significantly reduce fugitive LFG emissions, while having minimal effect on the LFGTE potential. Estimates showed that with enhanced landfill operation and energy production practices, LFGTE power density could be comparable to technologies such as wind, tidal, and geothermal. More aggressive operations must be considered to avoid fugitive LFG emissions, which could significantly affect the economic viability of landfills. With little economic motivation for US landfill owners to voluntarily reduce fugitive emissions, regulations are necessary to increase the cost of emitting GHGs. In light of the recent economic recession, it is not likely that a carbon tax will be established; while a carbon trading program will enforce emission caps and provide a tool to offset some costs and improve emission-reduction systems. Immediate action establishing a US carbon trading market with carbon credit pricing and trading supervised by the federal government may be the solution. Costs of achieving high lifetime LFG collection efficiencies are unlikely to be covered with revenues from tipping fee, electricity sales, tax credits, or carbon credit trading. Under scenarios of highly regulated LFG emissions, sustainable landfilling will require research, development, and application of technologies to reduce the marginal abatement cost, including: (1) Diverting rapidly decomposable waste to alternative treatment methods, (2) Reducing fugitive emissions through usage daily/intermediate covers with high oxidation potential, (3) Increasing the lifetime LFG collection efficiency, and (4) Increasing LFG energy value - for instance by producing high-methane gas through biologically altering the LFG generation pathway.
Download or read book Landfill Gas Energy Development Project written by Edwin G. Minkley and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
