Download or read book The Effects of Prostaglandin F2 alpha on Reproductive Performance in the Postpartum Dairy Cow and the Mechanism Behind Its Benefits written by Kathryn Genevieve Younger and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the beginning of the postpartum period, 80 to 100% of lactating dairy cows have bacterial contamination within their uteri. Presence of uterine bacteria may contribute to increased number of days open and services per conception within these cows. Expulsion of uterine contamination is crucial for uterine involution and reproductive health. Susceptibility to bacterial infection within the uterus can be attributed to a decrease in neutrophil function during the first two weeks of the postpartum period. Prostaglandin F2[alpha] (PGF2[alpha]) has been found to induce uterine contractility, increase neutrophil propagation and affect the uterine environment. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a single injection of prostaglandin F2[alpha] (Lutalyse, Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY) on uterine health and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Holstein cows from a commercial dairy were randomly assigned to receive an intramuscular injection of either Lutalyse or saline on Day 7 or 14 postpartum (Day 0= day of parturition). Services per conception and days open were evaluated to determine the effects on reproductive performance due to treatment. Cytobrush and uterine swabs were performed on a subset of Day 14 postpartum cows at 0 and 24 h after injection to evaluate changes in uterine neutrophil and bacterial populations. The pro-inflammatory cytokines known to induce mobilization of neutrophils, interleukin-1[beta], interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] were also measured at 0, 3, 6 and 12 h after injection of Lutalyse or saline on Day 14 postpartum to determine if PGF2[alpha] induced an increase in cytokines similar to initial pathogen detection. No significant differences were seen in days open, services per conception, interleukin-1[beta] or tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] concentrations. Interleukin-6 concentration was greater in saline cows at 12 h compared to Lutalyse treated cows at 3, 6 and 12 h after injection. Additionally, an increase in uterine neutrophils (P=0.05) and a decrease in bacteria (P=0.05) in response to Lutalyse were observed. Although PGF2[alpha] has been shown to have beneficial effects on the postpartum uterus, a single injection protocol may simply not be adequate to induce significant improvement in reproductive performance.
Download or read book Effects of Prostaglandin F2 alpha on Neutrophil Populations Uterine Health and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows written by Adrienne McCracken Lulay and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incidences of uterine infections in dairy cattle are high between parturition and Day 21 postpartum. Dairy cows with uterine infections are at risk for prolonged periods of days open and multiple services before becoming pregnant. Neutrophils are the first wave of immune system defense against uterine contamination. Neutrophil function seems to be mediated by reproductive hormones and good uterine health is related to properly functioning neutrophils. To elucidate the interaction between reproductive hormones, neutrophils and uterine health in dairy cows the objectives of this research were to evaluate: 1) changes in circulating white blood cell populations during the estrous cycle, 2) the effects of prostaglandin F2[subscript alpha](PGF2[subscript alpha]) on circulating white blood cell populations and 3) the effects of a two-injection PGF2[subscript alpha] regimen on uterine neutrophil and bacterial populations and numbers of days open and services per conception. In the first experiment, the effect of stage of the estrous cycle on plasma neutrophil numbers was evaluated. Neutrophils were observed throughout the entire estrous cycle and numbers were greatest (P0.05) on Day 14 (mid-cycle), when the corpus luteum was the dominant ovarian structure and plasma progesterone was at its acme. In the second experiment, plasma neutrophil numbers were examined in cows after injections of saline or the PGF2[subscript alpha] pharmaceutical product, Lutalyse. Compared to saline, numbers of neutrophils were greater (P
Download or read book Improving Beef Cattle Reproductive Efficiency written by McKenzie R. Corpron and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Less than 10% of beef cow-calf producers in the United States currently implement reproductive technologies such as estrous synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) as a component of their breeding management program. Synchronization protocols aid in the synchrony of estrus and ovulation to improve cattle fertility, however, many protocols often require multiple hormone injections and animal handlings. Development of estrous synchronization protocols that limit number of injections, cost, and labor inputs, without compromising fertility, may improve the adoption of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) within the beef industry. The main objective of the first study was to compare the effect of a single injection of high-concentration (HICON) prostaglandin F2[alpha] (PGF) or two conventional PGF injections (2PGF) administered 8 h apart at controlled internal drug release insert (CIDR) removal, on reducing serum progesterone (P4) before FTAI and on subsequent pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) in postpartum beef cows (n=404) synchronized with a 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR breeding program. Serum P4 concentration at the time of insemination is a determining factor of cattle fertility in FTAI protocols, as lower concentrations have been associated with increased P/AI. A secondary objective of the first study was to assess the relationship between P4 concentration at the time of insemination and probability of pregnancy to AI. Progesterone concentrations at AI were lesser in 2PGF than HICON, however, P/AI was not different between treatments. Probability of pregnancy decreased as P4 concentration at AI increased and the optimal P4 cutoff concentration to optimize fertility was determined at 0.43 ng/mL. Intramuscular (i.m.) route of injection is commonly used to administer products used in estrous synchronization in beef cattle; however, this route causes greater incidence of injection-site lesions and tissue damage associated with reduced beef carcass quality and tenderness than subcutaneous (s.c.) routes. Therefore, use of s.c. administration is favorable to reduce carcass damage. The objective of the second study was to compare the ability of a single s.c. injection of high-concentration PGF (HICON-SC) with two i.m. injections of conventional PGF 6 h apart (2PGF-IM) to reduce P4 concentration and induce luteolysis by the time of AI in a 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR synchronization program in postpartum beef cows. A similar decline in P4 concentration occurred in both treatments following PGF, indicating s.c. administration of HICON could be an effective alternative to i.m. administration of the conventional double PGF dose to induce luteolysis before AI in the 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol.
Download or read book Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acids on PGE2 PGF2 alpha and Progesterone Production by Bovine Luteal Cells in Vitro written by Katherine C. P. May and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feeding conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) improves reproductive performance in dairy cows; however, the molecular mechanisms by which CLA improves reproduction are not well understood. Therefore, we evaluated whether the CLA isomers, trans-10, cis-12 CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA altered synthesis of steroidogenic hormones in bovine luteal cells by measuring concentrations of progesterone, PGE2, and PGF2[alpha] in conditioned medium and expression of genes involved in their synthesis. Confluent luteal cells from each of 4 cows were cultured in 0 [mu]M (control) or 0.1 [mu]M solutions of trans-10, cis-12 CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in varying ratios (1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, 1:2, 5:1, 1:5, 9:1, or 1:9) for 48 h in the presence and absence of 1 [mu]M of the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin. Independent of CLA isomer and ratio, CLA decreased, compared to control, hormone concentrations of prostaglandin F2[alpha] (62.6 ± 10.5 vs. 50.4 ± 9.9 pg/mL; P[subscript Overall] = 0.003) and, in the absence of forskolin, prostaglandin E2 (61.2 ± 11.3 vs. 36.1 ± 10.1 pg/mL; P
Download or read book Ovulation Estrous and Fertility Traits of Dairy Cows After Early Postpartum Treatment with Gonadotropin releasing Hormone and Prostaglandin F2 Alpha written by Moncef Ben Mrad and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Periparturient Diseases of Dairy Cows written by Burim N. Ametaj and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the results achieved so far by application of various biological systems (including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) involved in the pathomechanisms and early diagnosis of periparturient diseases as specific biomarkers of disease in cattle. These emerging technologies help to extensively enhance our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of periparturient diseases of transition dairy cows. The book includes a chapter dedicated to ‘omics’ sciences and one that discusses the myths established in animal and veterinary sciences in recent decades and emerging, new paradigms. The diseases discussed include metritis, mastitis, laminitis, ketosis, rumen acidosis, periparturient immunosuppression, gastrointestinal microbiota and their involvement in disease, infertility, fatty liver, milk fever, and retained placenta. This book is intended for academics, veterinarians, animal nutritionists, researchers, and graduate students working in the field of ‘omics sciences’ with a special interest in dairy cattle health.
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Veterinary Epidemiology written by S. Wayne Martin and published by Iowa State Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic principles. Epidemiologic concepts. Sampling methods. Measurement of disease frequency and production. Studying disease in animal populations. Descriptive epidemiology. Disease causation. Surveys and analytic observational studies. Design of field trials. Theoretical epidemiology: systems analysis and modeling. Animal health economics. Applied epidemiology. Rationale, strategies, and concepts of animal disease control. Monitoring disease and production. Field investigations.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Buffalo Bubalus bubalis Production and Research written by Giorgio A. Presicce and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook aims at focusing on the husbandry of the common water buffalo, (Bubalis bubalis). The book covers a broad range of topics such as the buffalo’s genetic evolution, cytogenetics, subspecies, breed diversification, feeding and metabolic specificity, adaptable response to environmental stress factors, welfare, dairy requirements and production, reproduction and embryo technologies, cryopreservation, sperm cell sexing, somatic cell cloning and transgenesis. Chapters presented and reviewed in this book have been by contributed by renowned scientists that have devoted years of research to the understanding of this species, and highlight the most recent advances in basic and applied science to unveil the understanding of physiological facets intrinsic to this animal species. The depth of the selected topics makes this book especially suited for readers of all academic levels of study. Researchers, students and professionals will find this book a useful guide to breeding and farming the water buffalo.
Download or read book Current Therapy in Equine Reproduction E Book written by Jonathan Pycock and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2006-11-23 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering the most current insights on horse breeding, this book covers the entire reproductive system, normal and abnormal mare physiology, and a wide range of reproductive problems commonly seen in both the mare and stallion. Coverage includes advanced reproductive techniques, with numerous breeding strategies to help you achieve optimal fertility rates. Features the most current information available on equine reproduction, including the latest therapies and treatments for breeding dysfunction, as well as advances in reproductive techniques Focuses on therapy and treatment to provide practitioners with quick access to key information Features the shared experience and valuable advice of world-renowned experts who have first-hand knowledge of which treatments and therapies are most effective
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dairy 2007 Reference of dairy cattle health and management practices in the United States 2007 written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Manual of Equine Reproduction E Book written by Steven P. Brinsko and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-05-19 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in full color, Manual of Equine Reproduction, 3rd Edition provides a comprehensive look at the reproductive management of horses, including management of stallions, pregnant mares, and neonatal foals. Expert authors use a concise, practical approach in discussing improved therapies and treatments in equine breeding. You’ll enhance your skills and knowledge with this book’s detailed coverage of techniques used in reproductive examination, breeding procedures, pregnancy diagnosis, foaling, and reproductive tract surgery. A clinical emphasis includes a step-by-step format of possible scenarios from conception to breeding management. Practical information includes topics such as breeding with transported cooled or frozen semen, and caring for the broodmare and newborn foal. The organization of material corresponds to the course of study in veterinary school, so you can find topics easily. Chapter objectives and study questions at the beginning of each chapter guide you through the material and provide clear learning goals. Evaluation of Breeding Records chapter covers the importance of breeding records, and how to use them to evaluate stallion performance and optimize fertility. References are listed at the end of each chapter for further research and study. Full-color photographs and illustrations clearly depict procedures, and all drawings have been redrawn and improved. NEW Assisted Reproductive Technology chapter goes beyond embryo transfer. Updated content includes the latest advances in therapies and treatments. New content is added to two chapters, Reproductive Physiology of the Nonpregnant Mare and Manipulation of Estrus in the Mare. Thorough coverage of every aspect of equine reproduction provides a strong foundation for success in veterinary practice, including a discussion of the use of GnRH-analog deslorelin (Ovuplant) to hasten ovulation; aseptic technique for endometrial biopsy; use of transabdominal ultrasonography, especially in early pregnancy; determination of fetal gender by transrectal ultrasonography; aspiration testicular biopsy using a spring-loaded biopsy instrument; and procedure for surgical embryo transfer.
Download or read book A Review of a Reproductive Performance of Female Bos Indicus zebu Cattle written by E. Mukasa-Mugerwa and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anatomy and endocrinology of cow reproduction. Puberty, oestrus and pregnancy. Measures of reproductive performance. Infertility in cows. The role of nutrition in cattle reproduction. Lactetional anoestrus and the effect of weaning. Reproductive herd Health programmes.
Download or read book Reproductive Technologies in Farm Animals 2nd Edition written by Ian Gordon and published by CABI. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on the successful structure of the first edition, the second edition of Reproductive Technologies in Farm Animals has been totally updated and revised to provide an up to date account of the key techniques employed in manipulating reproduction in farm animals, including beef and dairy cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, buffaloes, camelids, horses and poultry. A classic introductory text to the subject, the book is based on a comprehensive review of the current literature. This text remains key reading for students in animal science, agriculture, veterinary medicine and biology, and veterinary practitioners and farmers who wish to keep updated on developments in techniques that may be useful in their daily practice.
Download or read book Veterinary Herbal Medicine written by Susan G. Wynn and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2006-11-29 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This full-color reference offers practical, evidence-based guidance on using more than 120 medicinal plants, including how to formulate herbal remedies to treat common disease conditions. A body-systems based review explores herbal medicine in context, offering information on toxicology, drug interactions, quality control, and other key topics. More than 120 herbal monographs provide quick access to information on the historical use of the herb in humans and animals, supporting studies, and dosing information. Includes special dosing, pharmacokinetics, and regulatory considerations when using herbs for horses and farm animals. Expanded pharmacology and toxicology chapters provide thorough information on the chemical basis of herbal medicine. Explores the evolutionary relationship between plants and mammals, which is the basis for understanding the unique physiologic effects of herbs. Includes a body systems review of herbal remedies for common disease conditions in both large and small animals. Discusses special considerations for the scientific research of herbs, including complex and individualized interventions that may require special design and nontraditional outcome goals.
