Download or read book The Effects of Omega 3 Supplementation on Human Skeletal Muscle Sarcolemmal and Mitochondrial Membrane Fatty Acid Composition and Whole Body Substrate Oxidation written by Christopher Gerling and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Omega 3 Supplementation on Whole Body and Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism in Humans written by Sebastian Jannas-Vela and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In humans, evidence regarding the effects of (omega-3) n-3 supplementation on whole body resting metabolic rate (RMR) and fatty acid (FA) oxidation is limited and controversial. In the first study of this thesis, supplementing with a high dose of fish oil (FO) containing 2 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 1 g/d docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 12 weeks, in healthy young males did not affect RMR and substrate oxidation. However, FA oxidation was increased (36%) with a concomitant decrease (34%) in carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation, during the winter season, independent of supplementation. These data demonstrate that RMR and substrate oxidation were unaffected by n-3 supplementation in healthy young males, and that substrate utilization may be affected by changes in external temperature. The second study of the present thesis investigated whether supplementing with purified EPA or DHA would influence whole body RMR and substrate oxidation, in healthy young females and males. Supplementing with olive oil (OO), EPA or DHA had no effect on RMR and substrate oxidation, in males. However, in females, supplementing with DHA decreased (-7%) RMR with no effect on substrate oxidation, whereas OO and EPA, had no effect on these measurements. These data confirmed previous studies reporting small effects of n-3s in RMR and substrate oxidation in females and males. A previous study, in healthy older females, reported a significant increase in resting oxygen consumption (14%) and fat oxidation (19%), after a 12-week period of FO supplementation. Therefore, we examined the effects of FO on RMR, substrate oxidation and skeletal muscle Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity in healthy older adults. There was no effect on RMR, substrate oxidation, and skeletal muscle NKA and SERCA activity and protein content, after a 12-week supplementation period with OO or FO. However, there was a decrease in NKA pump sensitivity to Na+, after FO supplementation. These data suggest, that in healthy older adults, n-3s have no effect on whole body and skeletal muscle resting energy metabolism. Altogether, this thesis supports recent evidence, arguing that the necessity to supplement with EPA and DHA, in healthy individuals has been overemphasized.

Download or read book Nutritional Strategies to Promote Muscle Mass and Function Across Health Span written by Daniel Moore and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Download or read book Omega 3 Fatty Acids written by Mahabaleshwar V. Hegde and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume argues for the importance of essential nutrients in our diet. Over the last two decades there has been an explosion of research on the relationship of Omega-3 fatty acids and the importance of antioxidants to human health. Expert authors discuss the importance of a diet rich in Omega-3 Fatty acids for successful human growth and development and for the prevention of disease. Chapters highlight their contribution to the prevention and amelioration of a wide range of conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, obesity, mental health and bone health. An indispensable text designed for nutritionists, dietitians, clinicians and health related professionals, Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Keys to Nutritional Health presents a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge about the nutritional effects of Omega-3 fatty acids and their delivery in foods.

Download or read book Omega 3 Fatty Acids and Health written by Joyce A. Nettleton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evidence that omega-3 fatty acids are essential for human development and most helpful to achieve good health throughout life is clearly documented by Dr. Joyce Nettleton in her new book Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health. Omega 3 fatty acids are produced by the plants of the land and sea. The tissues of the body require the omega-3 fatty acids for their proper functioning just as they also need the omega-6 essential fatty acids. It is probable in man's evolutionary development that there has always been the proper balance between these two groups of essential fatty acids, but in the modern era with the provision of inexpensive vegetable oils it is possible that the pendulum for increased dietary omega-6 fatty acids in the form of linoleic acid has swung too far and the intake ofomega-3 fatty acids has actualIy declined. In particular, the 22 carbon omega 3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, which has six double bonds, is important in the membranes of brain cells, heart muscle cells, the rods and cones of the retina and spermatozoa. Docosahexaenoic acid is found only in foods such as fish and other sea life, having been synthesized by the phytoplankton of the waters. An outright deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids has led to a number of distur bances in animals and human infants such as impaired vision, abnormalities of the electroretinogram, of the eye and various behavioral aberrations.

Download or read book Effects of Dietary Fish Oil Supplementation on the Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow Response to Submaximal Treadmill Exercise written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) containing docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been demonstrated to produce advantageous effects on vascular function. Specifically, PUFA supplementation has resulted in enhanced brachial artery blood flow (Q), dilation, and vascular conductance (VC) during rhythmic handgrip exercise. The effects of fish oils (FO) on skeletal muscle blood flow (Qm) during dynamic whole body exercise, however, remain unknown. PURPOSE: To test our hypothesis that 6 weeks of dietary FO supplementation with DHA and EPA enhances regional Qm and VC to the hindlimb musculature during submaximal treadmill exercise. METHODS: Following 6 weeks of dietary supplementation with safflower oil (SO) (control; n = 9) or FO (n = 8), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and Q[subscript]m to the hindlimb were measured at rest and during submaximal treadmill exercise (20 m/min, 10%, ~65% VO[subscript]2max) via radiolabeled microspheres in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS: HR and MAP were not different between SO and FO at rest or exercise (P

Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Lipid Partitioning written by Tracey L. Woodlief and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An oversupply of fatty acids and inadequacies in their partitioning toward oxidation and/or storage will lead to disruptions in cellular homeostasis. Reductions in mitochondrial content and lower rates of fatty acid oxidation have been associated with the accumulation of bioactive lipids [e.g., acyl-coenzyme-A and diacylgleycerol (DAG)] and superoxide derived free radicals. Decreased mitochondrial fatty acid partitioning towards oxidation as well as increased fatty acid partitioning towards synthesis are both associated with skeletal muscle in the obese condition. These fatty acid partitioning paradigms are believed to establish a state of insulin resistance and the development of type II diabetes, as both increased bioactive fatty acids and mitochondrial superoxides have been linked to down regulating the insulin signaling cascade. An accumulating body of evidence, derived mostly from studies in rodents, suggests that long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) and diglyceride acyltransferase-1 (DGAT-1) are significant metabolic regulators involved in lipid partitioning toward lipid oxidation and synthesis with alterations in ACSL and DGAT-1 activities likely to impact insulin signaling and cellular redox potential. To determine the function of these proteins in human skeletal muscle, ACSL-5 (localized on the liver mitochondrial membrane and postulated to be associated with oxidative lipid partitioning) and DGAT-1 (partitions fatty acids toward triacylglycerol synthesis) were overexpressed in primary human myotubes derived from muscle biopsies (HSKMC). We hypothesized that ACSL-5 overexpression would be associated with an upregulation in insulin signaling by virtue of increasing fatty acid flux into the mitochondria for oxidation and hence reducing cytosolic acyl-CoAs. Acyl-CoAs are known activators of kinases that impair the insulin signaling cascade. In addition, we hypothesized that DGAT-1 overexpression would also lead to increases in the insulin signaling cascade due to increased removal of bioactive DAGs. DAGs are a known activator of kinases established to decrease insulin signaling at the level of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity and IRS-1 serine phosphorylation. Primary myoblasts isolated from vastus lateralis of obese women (N=6) were transfected with ACSL-5 and DGAT-1 plasmid DNA alone or concurrently, differentiated into myotubes, incubated on day 5-7 with 125[mu]M:125[mu]M palmitate:oleate lipid incubation [plusminus] 100nM insulin (15min- day 7) and then harvested on day 7. Increased ACSL-5 and DGAT-1 protein expression alone and concurrently were assessed by Western Blot. Mitochondrial complete and incomplete oxidation were assessed by radiolabeled 14C-palmitate oxidation, as well as synthesis of total and lipid specific subspecies monoacylglcerol, diacylglcerol and triacylglcerol (MAG, DAG, TAG) by 14C-palmitate incorporation. MitoSOX red was utilized to measure mitochondrial specific superoxide formation via flow cytometry, while manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression was utilized to determine the cellular antioxidant response. MnSOD is one primary oxidant defense protein localized in the mitochondria exclusively. The effects of ACSL-5 or DGAT-1 overexpression or co-expression on insulin signaling was assessed at the levels of p-IRS-1[superscript]ser307, p-Akt[superscript]ser347 and p-AS160[superscript]thr642 by Western Blot procedures. Analyses confirmed significant increases in both ACSL-5 (2.2 fold change, P 0.05) and DGAT-1 (2.1 fold change, P

Download or read book Nutrition and Skeletal Muscle written by Stéphane Walrand and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition and Skeletal Muscle provides coverage of the evidence of dietary components that have proven beneficial for bettering adverse changes in skeletal muscle from disuse and aging. Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body, providing elements of contraction and locomotion and acting as an important contributor to whole body protein and amino metabolism, glucose disposal and lipid metabolism. However, muscle loss, atrophy or weakness can occur when there are metabolic imbalances, disuse or aging. This book addresses the topic by providing insight and research from international leaders, making it the go-to reference for those in skeletal muscle physiology. - Provides an understanding of the crucial role of skeletal muscle in global metabolic homeostasis regulation - Delivers the information needed to understand the utilization of crucial supplements for the preservation of skeletal muscle - Presents insights on research from international leaders in the field

Download or read book Effects of Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Mental Health written by U.s. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the scientific-medical literature to identify, appraise, and synthesize the human evidence for the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on mental health. While the intention was to evaluate the spectrum of psychiatric disorders or conditions (i.e., behavior or symptoms which, while their consequences could be serious, do not warrant receipt of a formal psychiatric diagnosis), certain foci were beyond the scope of the review. At the same time, a mental health disorder or condition did not require extant animal or basic science data or models to justify the investigation of their evidence. Nevertheless, justification for the study of two disorders exists in the literature: depression and schizophrenia. The mechanism by which diet may affect health, including depression or cardiovascular disease, has been thought to involve low levels of omega-3 fatty acid content in biomarkers (e.g., red blood cells [RBCs]). An omega-3 fatty acid deficiency hypothesis of depression has been put forward, which has helped justify treatment with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. The membrane phospholipid hypothesis of schizophrenia has been proposed in an attempt to develop a model explaining its etiology. It describes the presumed biochemical dynamics underpinning a neurodevelopmental theory. Some of the evidence used to support this perspective suggests the existence of phospholipid and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia. It has been posited that modifications to diet could mitigate or even aggravate an underlying abnormality of phospholipid metabolism. However, the present review was not conducted to test these hypotheses. Rather, the rationale for this 2-year project investigating the possible health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids was to systematically review the evidence to aid in the development of a research agenda. Nevertheless, these emerging models regarding depression and schizophrenia do suggest plausible bases for the use of omega-3 fatty acids to treat or prevent these psychiatric disorders.

Download or read book Health Effects of omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods written by Artemis P. Simopoulos and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 1991 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance written by Debasis Bagchi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-05 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance: Muscle Building, Endurance and Strength, Second Edition, includes comprehensive sections on the role of nutrition in human health, various types of physical exercises, including cardiovascular training, resistance training, aerobic and anaerobic exercises, bioenergetics and energy balance, and the nutritional requirements associated with each. Other sections cover sports and nutritional requirements, the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle building, an exhaustive review of various foods, minerals, supplements, phytochemicals, amino acids, transition metals, competition training, healthy cooking, physical training, and lifestyle and dietary recommendations for sports performance. This updated edition includes new chapters on mood, alertness, calmness and psychomotor performance in sports, extreme sports, natural myostatin inhibitor and lean body mass, the benefits of caffeine in sport nutrition formulations, the role of vitamin D in athletic performance, probiotics and muscle mass. - Provides a comprehensive appraisal of the nutritional benefits of exercise in human health - Compiles chapters reviewing the nutritional prophylaxis in human health - Addresses performance enhancement drugs and sports supplements - Presents various types of physical exercises and addresses exercise and nutritional requirements in special populations - Discusses sports nutrition and the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle building - Contains an exhaustive review of various food, minerals, supplements, phytochemicals, amino acids, transition metals, small molecules and other ergogenic agents - Highlights the aspects of healthy cooking, physical training, lifestyle and dietary recommendations for sports performance

Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References

Download or read book Quality of Fresh and Processed Foods written by Fereidoon Shahidi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-12-31 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quality is a composite term encompassing many characteristics of foods. These include color, aroma, texture, general nutrition, shelf-life, stability, and possible presence of undesirable constituents. Obviously deterioration of quality may lead to changes in the attributes that characterize the food in its fresh or freshly processed state. In addition, quality enhancement of products may be carried out using appropriate processing techniques. Interaction of different components present with one another could have a profound effect on sensory quality of products. Meanwhile, presence of extraneous matter such as pesticides and debris may also contribute to a compromise in the quality of foods. In addition, processing often brings about changes in many attributes of food including its nutritional value. Thus, examination of process-induced changes in food products is important. In this book, a cursory account of quality attributes of fresh and processed foods is provided. The book is of interest to food scientists, nutritionists and biochemists in academia, government and industry.

Download or read book Redox Proteomics written by Isabella Dalle-Donne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-11 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methodology and applications of redox proteomics The relatively new and rapidly changing field of redox proteomics has the potential to revolutionize how we diagnose disease, assess risks, determine prognoses, and target therapeutic strategies for people with inflammatory and aging-associated diseases. This collection brings together, in one comprehensive volume, a broad array of information and insights into normal and altered physiology, molecular mechanisms of disease states, and new applications of the rapidly evolving techniques of proteomics. Written by some of the finest investigators in this area, Redox Proteomics: From Protein Modifications to Cellular Dysfunction and Diseases examines the key topics of redox proteomics and redox control of cellular function, including: * The role of oxidized proteins in various disorders * Pioneering studies on the development of redox proteomics * Analytical methodologies for identification and structural characterization of proteins affected by oxidative/nitrosative modifications * The response and regulation of protein oxidation in different cell types * The pathological implications of protein oxidation for conditions, including asthma, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, preeclampsia, and Alzheimer's disease Distinguished by its in-depth discussions, balanced methodological approach, and emphasis on medical applications and diagnosis development, Redox Proteomics is a rich resource for all professionals with an interest in proteomics, cellular physiology and its alterations in disease states, and related fields.

Download or read book Advances in Lipid Methodology written by W. W. Christie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-05-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fourth volume of an occasional series of review volumes dealing with aspects of lipid methodology. As with the first three volumes, topics have been selected that have been developing rapidly in recent years and have some importance to lipid analysis. The authors are all leading international experts.Topics covered include: analysis of plant lipoxygenase metabolites, preparative high-performance liquid chromatography of lipids, structural analysis of fatty acids, and analysis of stable isotopes in lipids, among others.

Download or read book The Metabolic Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease written by Charles R. Scriver and published by New York ; Montreal : McGraw-Hill. This book was released on 2001 with total page 6338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents clinical, biochemical, and genetic information concerning those metabolic anomalies grouped under inborn errors of metabolism.

Download or read book Mitochondrial Medicine written by Anna Gvozdjáková and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondrial medicine deals with diseases that are related to mitochondrial dysfunction due to a number of causes from free radical damage to genetic mutation. This book is based on extensive data gathered over 30 years of clinical and experimental research. In it, internationally recognized authors share their experience in various fields of their expertise and guide readers through the disease process, from basic biochemical mechanisms to diagnosis to therapeutic aspects.