Download or read book The Effects of Noise on Speech and Warning Signals written by Alice Harriet Suter and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To assess the effects of noise on speech communication it is necessary to examine certain characteristics of the speech signal. Speech level can be measured by a variety of methods, none of which has yet been standardized, and it should be kept in mind that vocal effort increases with background noise level and with different types of activity. Noise and filtering commonly degrade the speech signal, especially as it is transmitted through communications systems. Intelligibility is also adversely affected by distance, reverberation, and monaural listening. Communication systems currently in use may cause strain and delays on the part of the listener, but there are many possibilities for improvement. Individuals who need to communicate in noise may be subject to voice disorders. Shouted speech becomes progressively less intelligible at high voice levels, but improvements can be realized when talkers use 'clear speech.' Tolerable listening levels are lower for negative than for positive S/Ns, and comfortable listening levels should be at a S/N of at least 5 dB, and preferably above 10 dB. Popular methods to predict speech intelligibility in noise include the Articulation Index, Speech Interference Level, Speech Transmission Index, and the sound level meter's A-weighting network. This report describes these methods, discussing certain advantages and disadvantages of each, and shows their interrelations.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Hearing Loss on Speech Communication and the Perception of Other Sounds written by Alice Harriet Suter and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noise-induced hearing loss acts as a low-pass filter for individuals receiving speech sounds or warning signals. These losses can also cause some degree of distortion in the auditory system, necessitating a speech-to-noise ratio of up to 10 dB more favorable to achieve speech recognition comparable to a normal-hearing listener. These distortions may appear in the frequency, intensity, and temporal domains. Hearing in the high-frequency range is important for understanding speech in noisy conditions, or when speech has been distorted by, for example, reverberation or filtering. Recent research targets the point of beginning hearing handicap or 'low fence' as an average hearing threshold level between 15 and 30 dB for the audiometric frequencies 1000, 2000, and 3000 Hz. The effects of hearing impairment on speech may be estimated by various frequency-filter models, which need to be adjusted to account for the distortion component. There is lack of data on the ability of hearing-impaired listeners to detect and recognize warning signals, although predictions based on filtering models indicate that differences between normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners are small. (kr).

Download or read book Effects of Noise on People written by James David Miller and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book First Report on Status and Progress of Noise Research and Control Programs in the Federal Government written by United States. Office of Noise Abatement and Control and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes reprints of reports prepared by various interagency noise research panels such as the Interagency Noise Effects Research Panel.

Download or read book Effects of Noise Reduction on Speech Intelligibility written by Gaston Hilkhuysen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech is often perceived in the presence of other sounds. At times the interfering sounds can reach such high levels that the speech becomes unintelligible. Speech enhancement methods attempt to reduce the audibility of noisy sounds, but little is known about how their influence on intelligibility. This thesis explores the effects of speech enhancement, also known as noise suppression algorithms, on speech intelligibility. After a short introduction to speech enhancement and intelligibility, three studies consider the effects from an empirical perspective. It is shown that noise suppression tends to reduce intelligibility and that its effect is mostly constant across a broad range of noise levels. When experts were asked to apply a commercial noise suppressor to optimise intelligibility, they proposed settings that degraded intelligibility. Laypeople successfully identified an increase in intelligibility resulting from speech enhancement. Three subsequent studies attempt to identify the signal properties responsible for the intelligibility effects and generated by speech enhancement.Physical metrics based on various signal properties were used to estimate the intelligibility of the speech-enhanced noisy signal. Most metrics provided unreliable or biased estimates of absolute intelligibility. Some could nevertheless be used to adjust speech enhancers such that intelligibility is optimal.

Download or read book Report on Status and Progress of Noise Research and Control Programs in the Federal Government written by United States. Office of Noise Abatement and Control and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes reprints of reports prepared by various interagency noise research panels such as the Interagency Noise Effects Research Panel.

Download or read book Occupational Noise Exposure written by Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Congress declared that its purpose was to assure, so far as possible, safe and healthful working conditions for every working man and woman and to preserve our human resources. In this Act, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is charged with recommending occupational safety and health standards and describing exposure concentrations that are safe for various periods of employment-including but not limited to concentrations at which no worker will suffer diminished health, functional capacity, or life expectancy as a result of his or her work experience. By means of criteria documents, NIOSH communicates these recommended standards to regulatory agencies (including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]) and to others in the occupational safety and health community. Criteria documents provide the scientific basis for new occupational safety and health standards. These documents generally contain a critical review of the scientific and technical information available on the prevalence of hazards, the existence of safety and health risks, and the adequacy of control methods. In addition to transmitting these documents to the Department of Labor, NIOSH also distributes them to health professionals in academic institutions, industry, organized labor, public interest groups, and other government agencies. In 1972, NIOSH published Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Noise, which provided the basis for a recommended standard to reduce the risk of developing permanent hearing loss as a result of occupational noise exposure [NIOSH 1972]. NIOSH has now evaluated the latest scientific information and has revised some of its previous recommendations. The 1998 recommendations go beyond attempting to conserve hearing by focusing on preventing occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). This criteria document reevaluates and reaffirms the recommended exposure limit (REL) for occupational noise exposure established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in 1972. The REL is 85 decibels, A-weighted, as an 8-hr time-weighted average (85 dBA as an 8-hr TWA). Exposures at or above this level are hazardous. By incorporating the 4000-Hz audiometric frequency into the definition of hearing impairment in the risk assessment, NIOSH has found an 8% excess risk of developing occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) during a 40-year lifetime exposure at the 85-dBA REL. NIOSH has also found that scientific evidence supports the use of a 3-dB exchange rate for the calculation of TWA exposures to noise. The recommendations in this document go beyond attempts to conserve hearing by focusing on prevention of occupational NIHL. For workers whose noise exposures equal or exceed 85 dBA, NIOSH recommends a hearing loss prevention program (HLPP) that includes exposure assessment, engineering and administrative controls, proper use of hearing protectors, audiometric evaluation, education and motivation, recordkeeping, and program audits and evaluations. Audiometric evaluation is an important component of an HLPP. To provide early identification of workers with increasing hearing loss, NIOSH has revised the criterion for significant threshold shift to an increase of 15 dB in the hearing threshold level (HTL) at 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, or 6000 Hz in either ear, as determined by two consecutive tests. To permit timely intervention and prevent further hearing losses in workers whose HTLs have increased because of occupational noise exposure, NIOSH no longer recommends age correction on individual audiograms.

Download or read book The Effects of Noise on Man written by Karl D. Kryter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Effects of Noise on Man covers the techniques for the evaluation of environmental noise in terms of its effects on human. The book provides the fundamental definitions of sound, its measurement, and concepts of the basic functioning, and the attributes of the auditory system. The text also presents along with their experimental basis, procedures for estimating from physical measures of noise its effects on man's auditory system and speech communications. The last part of the book is devoted to man's nonauditory system responses and includes information about the effects of noise on work performance, sleep, feelings of pain, vision, and blood circulation.

Download or read book Noise a Health Problem written by United States. Office of Noise Abatement and Control and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics written by Gavriel Salvendy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-13 with total page 1754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of the Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics has been completely revised and updated. This includes all existing third edition chapters plus new chapters written to cover new areas. These include the following subjects: Managing low-back disorder risk in the workplace Online interactivity Neuroergonomics Office ergonomics Social networking HF&E in motor vehicle transportation User requirements Human factors and ergonomics in aviation Human factors in ambient intelligent environments As with the earlier editions, the main purpose of this handbook is to serve the needs of the human factors and ergonomics researchers, practitioners, and graduate students. Each chapter has a strong theory and scientific base, but is heavily focused on real world applications. As such, a significant number of case studies, examples, figures, and tables are included to aid in the understanding and application of the material covered.

Download or read book The Effects of Hearing Protectors on Speech Communication and the Perception of Warning Signals written by Alice Harriet Suter and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Audio Warning Signals for Air Force Weapon Systems written by J. C. R. Licklider and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Federal Noise Effects Research FY 73 FY 75 written by Interagency Noise Effects Research Panel and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fundamentals of Noise Measurement Rating Schemes and Standards written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Occupational Noise Exposure Standards Hearing Conservation Amendment written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Human Factors in Auditory Warnings written by Judy Edworthy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1999, this book provides answers to many of the problems associated with the design and application of auditory warnings. It represents the position of contemporary auditory warnings research and development in a single unique volume. Application domains include air traffic control, aviation, emergency services, manufacturing, medicine, military and nuclear power. The contributors constitute many key experts in this area, some of whom are psychoacousticians, some psychologists and some ergonomists. Correspondingly, the chapters range from those covering basic topics such as audibility and localization of warnings, through psychological issues concerned with the relationship between design, understanding and the behavioural response, to the more general ergonomic issues of implementing the warnings in a particular context. Although each of the chapters takes a slightly different perspective, they all balance theoretical underpinning with practical application. The editors have undertaken to draw all of the contributions together by providing an overview of warnings research at the beginning of the book and summary of the contributions at the end. This book will appeal to all involved in the research, development, design and implementation of auditory warnings.