Download or read book The Effects of Mesograzer Biodiversity and Seagrass Structural Complexity on Eelgrass Ecosystem Function written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A central theory of community ecology is that increased biodiversity results in greater ecosystem function and stability. Many experiments have examined biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) relationships at the primary producer level, yet BEF relationships are equally pertinent at higher trophic levels. In seagrass ecosystems, mesograzers (small invertebrate herbivores) promote seagrass persistence by consuming competitively superior epiphytic algae that foul seagrass blades. Experiments in seagrass habitat suggest that mesograzer diversity is a primary driver of top-down control of epiphytic algae, but also that the relationship is temporally and spatially variable. The primary hypothesis of my study is that much of this variability may be due to differences in seagrass habitat structure through time and space. I worked in eelgrass (Zostera marina) habitat in San Diego Bay, California, USA, to test whether variability in eelgrass structural complexity (shoot density) affects relationships between mesograzer biodiversity and ecosystem function (grazing impact and secondary production). I also examined the functional roles of numerically dominant eelgrass epifauna, using a laboratory experiment and stable isotope analysis. Contrary to BEF theory, increased grazer diversity in laboratory mesocosms resulted in decreased grazing impact and facilitation of algal growth. Though some species combinations resulted in increased algal grazing, antagonistic relationships among the most influential grazing taxa resulted in reduced ecosystem function. Structural complexity promoted mesograzer top-down control of epiphytes, increased mesograzer secondary production, and altered epifaunal community composition. Effects of biodiversity and structural complexity on grazing corresponded to variability in diet and feeding behavior among dominant epifaunal taxa. My results demonstrate the importance of examining species-specific interactions when considering links between community structure and ecosystem function, and that environmental context, such as habitat structure, may have large effects on BEF relationships.
Download or read book Impacts of Copper Contamination and Habitat Degradation on Eelgrass Zostera Marina Mesograzers written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure of contaminants in coastal areas has been on the rise with increasing urbanization of natural environments. These contaminants are known to effect organisms in multiple ways, such as directly increasing mortality, or indirectly altering many of their behaviors, such as sensing predators and foraging. Since seagrass habitats are heavily influenced by anthropogenic factors, organisms found in these ecosystems often experience constant exposure to non-degradable contaminants such as heavy metals. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) persistence is promoted by mesograzers (small crustaceans and gastropods) that control competing epiphytic algae growing on seagrass blades. Along with nutrient levels, this top-down control of a dominant competitor (algae) plays a substantial role in dictating eelgrass health, particularly at high levels of eelgrass structural complexity. However, mesograzers can be negatively affected by contaminants at high levels. I conducted a manipulative field experiment on epifaunal colonization of eelgrass in San Diego Bay, and a companion lab experiment on epifaunal grazing, to determine how epiphytic algae, the mesograzer community, and rates of herbivory are interactively affected by dissolved copper and habitat structural complexity. In the field, copper spiked plaster blocks and artificial seagrass units were used to create realistic pulse events of contamination for two levels of habitat structural complexity. I found that the abundance of epiphytic algae decreased with increasing copper, but that copper had no effect on epifaunal abundance or diversity, which responded strongly only to habitat structural complexity. In the lab experiment, I found complex interactive effects of copper concentration and habitat complexity on grass shrimp grazing rates. Low elevated levels of copper resulted in higher grazing in low complexity vs. high complexity eelgrass, in contrast to trends in ambient and high levels of copper as well as in previous experiments. In both low and high structural complexity eelgrass, grass shrimp grazing impact was highest when copper was elevated compared to ambient levels. In order to set effective regulations, understanding both the direct and indirect interactions between organisms and their environment is key in conserving and managing eelgrass habitat.
Download or read book Seagrasses Biology Ecology and Conservation written by Anthony Larkum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seagrasses are unique plants; the only group of flowering plants to recolonise the sea. They occur on every continental margin, except Antarctica, and form ecosystems which have important roles in fisheries, fish nursery grounds, prawn fisheries, habitat diversity and sediment stabilisation. Over the last two decades there has been an explosion of research and information on all aspects of seagrass biology. However the compilation of all this work into one book has not been attempted previously. In this book experts in 26 areas of seagrass biology present their work in chapters which are state-of–the-art and designed to be useful to students and researchers alike. The book not only focuses on what has been discovered but what exciting areas are left to discover. The book is divided into sections on taxonomy, anatomy, reproduction, ecology, physiology, fisheries, management, conservation and landscape ecology. It is destined to become the chosen text on seagrasses for any marine biology course.
Download or read book Seagrasses of Australia written by Anthony W. D. Larkum and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes the place of “Biology of Seagrasses: A Treatise on the Biology of Seagrasses with Special Reference to the Australian Region”, co-edited by A.W.D. Larkum, A.J. MaCComb and S.A. Shepherd and published by Elsevier in 1989. The first book has been influential, but it is now 25 years since it was published and seagrass studies have progressed and developed considerably since then. The design of the current book follows in the steps of the first book. There are chapters on taxonomy, floral biology, biogeography and regional studies. The regional studies emphasize the importance of Australia having over half of the world’s 62 species, including some ten species published for Australia since the previous book. There are a number of chapters on ecology and biogeography; fish biology and fisheries and dugong biology are prominent chapters. Physiological aspects again play an important part, including new knowledge on the role of hydrogen sulphide in sediments and on photosynthetic processes. Climate change, pollution and environmental degradation this time gain an even more important part of the book. Decline of seagrasses around Australia are also discussed in detail in several chapters. Since the first book was published two new areas have received special attention: blue carbon and genomic studies. Seagrasses are now known to be a very important player in the formation of blue carbon, i.e. carbon that has a long turnover time in soils and sediments. Alongside salt marshes and mangroves, seagrasses are now recognized as playing a very important role in the formation of blue carbon. And because Australia has such an abundance and variety of seagrasses, their role in blue carbon production and turnover is of great importance. The first whole genomes of seagrasses are now available and Australia has played an important role here. It appears that seagrasses have several different suites of genes as compared with other (land) plants and even in comparison with freshwater hydrophytes. This difference is leading to important molecular biological studies where the new knowledge will be important to the understanding and conservation of seagrass ecosystems in Australia. Thus by reason of its natural abundance of diverse seagrasses and a sophisticated seagrass research community in Australia it is possible to produce a book which will be attractive to marine biologists, coastal scientists and conservationists from many countries around the world.
Download or read book Habitat Structure and Fish Foraging written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural complexity plays an important role in mediating predator-prey interactions. Structural elements can limit predator mobility and reduce predator efficiency, increasing prey survival. Seagrasses are marine plants that provide refuge for many fishes and invertebrates by adding structural complexity to the seafloor. Though many studies have found positive correlations between prey survival and seagrass biomass or shoot density, seagrass is frequently colonized by epibiotic organisms, including algae and colonial invertebrates like bryozoans. Epibionts may fundamentally alter the structural complexity in seagrass habitat, but their effects on predator-prey interactions rarely have been investigated. The goal of this study was to determine whether epibionts of eelgrass (Zostera marina) alter predator-prey interactions by mediating predator and prey behaviors and prey survival probability. In San Diego Bay, Thalamoporella californica is a common rigid branching bryozoan that creates a unique 3-dimensional structure. I conducted (i) a laboratory experiment to determine whether predator (juvenile giant kelpfish Heterostichus rostratus) foraging behaviors and prey (grass shrimp Hippolyte californiensis) escape behavior in eelgrass are altered by colonization by T. californica, (ii) a field experiment to determine whether prey survival is correlated with the degree of bryozoan encrustation of eelgrass habitat, and (iii) a habitat selection experiment to determine if the presence of epibionts deter fish from foraging in eelgrass habitat. I found that increasing eelgrass structural complexity altered kelpfish foraging behaviors, reducing their foraging efficiency but the presence of bryozoans did not. In contrast, intermediate levels of structural complexity optimized the ability of shrimp to evade oncoming predators. Despite clear effects of structural complexity on fish foraging in the lab experiment, my field experiment in San Diego Bay eelgrass suggested that eelgrass habitat structure did not influence prey survival. Finally, I found that kelpfish strongly avoided foraging in bryozoan-encrusted eelgrass compared to uncolonized eelgrass. Overall, bryozoan structure influenced prey behavior in the lab but did not affect prey survival or prey density in the field, indicating that bryozoan structure in the field does not increased prey refuge. Understanding how fish interact with their habitat is crucial when determining how to effectively conserve and restore critical habitats like eelgrass beds.
Download or read book The Ecological Consequences of Genetic Diversity in Eelgrass Zostera Marina written by Anne Randall Hughes and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural Complexity Seascape Patchiness and Body Size Interactively Mediate Seagrass Habitat Value for a Fish Mesopredator written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seagrasses form important coastal habitats that promote the foraging and survival of mesopredators. Variation in seagrass habitat structure at local and seascape scales mediates foraging success and survival, but the interactive effects of structure at these scales rarely is quantified when evaluating nursery habitat function. For my thesis, I tested how the interactions of multiscale habitat structural variation on juvenile fish body size mediates the value of seagrass habitat through survival and foraging success. In Chapter 1, I tested the hypothesis that in eelgrass (Zostera marina) optimal structural complexity (SC) for juvenile giant kelpfish (Heterostichus rostratus) changes through ontogeny. I found that habitat selection differed with kelpfish size: small and large fish selected high and low SC respectively. Smaller kelpfish experienced lower predation risk and higher foraging in high SC, suggesting high SC is selected by these fish because it minimizes risk and maximizes growth potential. Larger kelpfish experienced lower predation risk and higher foraging in high and low SC respectively, suggesting they select low SC to maximize foraging efficiency. My study highlights that trade-offs between predation risk and foraging can occur within a single habitat type, that studies should consider how habitat value changes through ontogeny, and that seagrass nursery habitat value may be maximal when within-patch variability in SC is high. In Chapter 2, I used a spatially explicit individual-based model to examine how seagrass fragmentation influences foraging and survival of a mesopredator, and how these relationships are influenced by SC, body size, and mesopredator and prey densities. I found that mesopredator survival and foraging dropped beyond threshold levels of habitat area (60 and 30% respectively) and depended on level of SC in the seascape. The relationship between habitat area and foraging did not depend on SC or body size, but did depend on organismal densities: when mesopredators and prey densities increased with decreasing habitat area, foraging was highest in highly fragmented seascapes. My results suggest that small- and large-scale habitat structure jointly dictate the value of a nursery habitat, and the effects of survival and foraging should consider interactions with habitat structure at multiple scales.
Download or read book Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review Volume 59 written by S J Hawkins and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-10-11 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CHOICE Highly Recommended, Sept 2022 Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever-increasing interest in work in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues, especially global climate change and its impacts, creates a demand for authoritative refereed reviews summarizing and synthesizing the results of recent research. For nearly 60 years, OMBAR has been an essential reference for research workers and students in all fields of marine science. This volume considers such diverse topics as the Great Barrier Reef Expedition of 1928-29, Mediterranean marine caves, macromedusae in eastern boundary currents, marine biodiversity in Korea, and development of a geo-ecological carbonate reef system model to predict responses of reefs to climate change. Volume 59 is available to read Open Access on the Taylor & Francis eBooks site (https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books//10.1201/9781003138846) An international Editorial Board ensures global relevance and expert peer review, with editors from Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, Singapore and the United Kingdom. The series volumes find a place in the libraries of not only marine laboratories and oceanographic institutes, but also universities worldwide. If you are interested in submitting a review for consideration for publication in OMBAR, please email the Editor in Chief, Stephen Hawkins, at [email protected].
Download or read book Evaluating the Role of Habitat Complexity in Structuring Seagrass Communities written by Stacy Nicole Trackenberg and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogenic coastal habitats such as salt marshes, seagrasses, and oyster reefs, support diverse faunal communities and can serve as nursery areas by enhancing the abundance, growth, and survival of juvenile fish and crustaceans. The structure and complexity of these biogenic habitats can strongly influence the composition of marine faunal communities and contribute to their roles as nursery areas. It is imperative to understand how nursery areas are defined in the ecological literature as these definitions are applied to nursery area management across the United States. Further, the relative importance of how habitat structural attributes, which are influenced by abiotic and biotic factors, shape faunal communities within these nursery areas is critical to understand these important coastal ecosystems. My dissertation focuses on (1) how nursery frameworks in the ecological literature have evolved and how these frameworks are applied to state management of nursery areas; (2) how abiotic and biotic factors influence the restoration success and complexity of seagrass meadows; and (3) how, in turn, this habitat complexity influences faunal community composition and structure. For my first chapter, I found six overarching frameworks to define and delineate nursery areas in the ecological literature: measures of juvenile abundance and vital rates, habitat characteristics, seascape connectivity, populations fitness and contribution to adult biomass, and persistence. Of the 23 coastal states, only seven explicitly protect nursery areas and of these seven states, the aforementioned frameworks are not equally applied. Gathering and analyzing data necessary to integrate higher-order metrics (e.g., connectivity and biomass contribution) to designate nurseries will require significant research investment and greater collaboration between ecologists and fisheries scientists. My second chapter combines two years of observational seagrass and faunal surveys with a habitat preference experiment to investigate to which degree multiple seagrass complexity metrics influence the composition and abundance of faunal communities in North Carolina seagrass beds. Trawl surveys revealed that taller canopied seagrass beds support higher faunal abundances and species richness than shorter canopied beds, however this was not true across all species. There were species-specific relationships between complexity metrics and abundances, with these relationships shifting between the two years of our study, potentially due to the range of sampling months each year. Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), the most common fish found in North Carolina seagrass meadows demonstrated a preference for deep seagrass beds, but only preferred taller canopies when these areas also offered increased blade surface area. In Chapter 3, I conducted field surveys of natural seagrass beds to understand the spatio-temporal distribution and morphology of seagrasses in North Carolina coastal sounds and used these observations to inform a field transplantation experiment of the subtropical seagrass species, Halodule wrightii. Seagrass morphology differed across sampling months but only canopy height differed across depth. Depth was also influential in transplantation success with higher survival of intertidal seagrass transplants compared to subtidal. Considerations of both structural complexity and physical setting of the habitat are therefore imperative for a comprehensive approach in understanding how habitats as well as their faunal communities are responding to future changes across ecosystem settings.
Download or read book Below Above and Beyond written by Theodor Kindeberg and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seagrass meadows constitute important habitat for a plethora of organisms, rendering them important habitats for conserving biodiversity. Seagrass meadows also modify the environment by attenuating wave and current energy. As a result of this, seagrass meadows trap organic matter and in addition to their high productivity, are able to sequester carbon that is stored in their underlying sediments. Due to these ecosystem functions, seagrass meadows are proposed as potential nature-based solutions (NbS) for climate change adaptation and mitigation that concomitantly strengthens local biodiversity. However, the magnitude and relative importance of these ecosystem functions are context-dependent, and it is therefore crucial to understand how and why they differ in space and time. Moreover, it is imperative to apply a broad perspective as these functions can affect and are affected by adjacent ecosystems beyond the seagrass meadow itself. In this thesis, I focus on eelgrass (Zostera marina) and its role in coastal biodiversity and carbon cycling across both natural and restored meadows as well as eelgrass exported onto land. I follow a restoration project in an exposed and a sheltered environment and leverage these field trials to try to understand the timescales of biodiversity effects following seagrass restoration. I focus on fauna diversity and investigate colonization patterns. I relate these features to ecosystem functioning by measuring community metabolism and carbon cycling across restored and natural eelgrass meadows. My findings reveal that benthic fauna rapidly recovers following restoration and attains diversity levels comparable to natural reference meadows. Initial colonization seems to be driven by a few, opportunistic species that occur in large densities during early stages. As these species are generalists, their elevated abundance can increase the functional redundancy and resilience of fauna communities during early restoration stages. I show that eelgrass habitat provisioning is important in both natural and restored eelgrass and across land-sea boundaries. Exported eelgrass biomass that ends up on beaches supports a high abundance of terrestrial fauna. However, vascular plant diversity may instead benefit from removal of eelgrass wrack and it is therefore important to apply a differentiated management approach to sandy beaches that considers different communities and interests. While eelgrass restoration is unequivocally beneficial for benthic diversity, net effects on carbon fluxes vary. I found a positive relationship between benthic diversity and fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon going out of the meadow, highlighting potential tradeoffs between biodiversity and climate change mitigation. Collectively, the findings in this thesis contribute to a better understanding of how seagrass fauna diversity varies in space and time and what can be expected from restoring seagrass meadows. It reveals novel insights into the balance between diversity and community metabolism and shows how exported eelgrass can have dichotomous effects depending on the community of interest. This knowledge can inform coastal managers on relevant aspects to consider when implementing coastal adaptation measures and how eelgrass can be utilized below and above the waterline.
Download or read book Ecological and Evolutionary Determinants of Diversity in Communities of Seagrass Mesograzers written by Rebecca Jane Best and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the forces that assemble species into ecological communities is the central question of community ecology. In this dissertation, I combine patterns of co-occurrence, measures of ecological similarities and differences between species, and experimental tests of species interactions to understand the assembly and functioning of a critical marine ecosystem. In Bodega Bay, California, 13 species of amphipod and isopod crustaceans represent a globally important guild of mesograzers that promote the growth of seagrass meadows by reducing the overgrowth of algae. Although many of these species are morphologically similar, I found that they vary significantly in their size, water temperature tolerance, feeding niche, fecundity, phenology, and habitat use. By sequencing these species for three genes (18S, 16S, and COI) and reconstructing their phylogenetic relationships, I also found substantial variation in the evolutionary lability of these traits, meaning that phylogenetic distances can be used as a proxy for some trait distances but not others.The forces that structure community assembly in this system vary across spatial and temporal scales. Using a mesocosm experiment, I found that feeding trait diversity (but not phylogenetic diversity) promoted coexistence by reducing the dominance of top competitors and increasing realized species richness. In contrast, I found that field communities were structured according to temperature tolerance, phenology, and body size, and that the type of structure varied by habitat. Grazers in seagrass bed communities were much more diverse in their trait values than grazers in macroalgal beds. Finally, I found that this trait diversity also has important implications for ecosystem functioning. Because overfishing of top predators or environmental changes can increase predation on seagrass mesograzers, there is the potential for trophic cascades resulting in a greater abundance of algae and lower growth of seagrass. However, I found that the most important grazer species for controlling algae were the least susceptible to fish predation, leading to weaker trophic cascades than we would predict in the absence of species-specific grazer trait data.
Download or read book Experimental Effects of Black Brant Herbivory and Fecal Addition on the Eelgrass Animal Community in Humboldt Bay California USA written by Adam J. Frimodig and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eelgrass Zostera Marina Structural Complexity written by Lindsay M. Sirota and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture written by Bruce F. Phillips and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-20 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive review of the current and future effects of climate change on the world’s fisheries and aquaculture operations The first book of its kind, Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture explores the impacts of climate change on global fisheries resources and on marine aquaculture. It also offers expert suggestions on possible adaptations to reduce those impacts. The world's climate is changing more rapidly than scientists had envisioned just a few years ago, and the potential impact of climate change on world food production is quite alarming. Nowhere is the sense of alarm more keenly felt than among those who study the warming of the world's oceans. Evidence of the dire effects of climate change on fisheries and fish farming has now mounted to such an extent that the need for a book such as this has become urgent. A landmark publication devoted exclusively to how climate change is affecting and is likely to affect commercially vital fisheries and aquaculture operations globally, Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture provides scientists and fishery managers with a summary of and reference point for information on the subject which has been gathered thus far. Covers an array of critical topics and assesses reviews of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture from many countries, including Japan, Mexico, South Africa, Australia, Chile, US, UK, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, India and others Features chapters on the effects of climate change on pelagic species, cod, lobsters, plankton, macroalgae, seagrasses and coral reefs Reviews the spread of diseases, economic and social impacts, marine aquaculture and adaptation in aquaculture under climate change Includes special reports on the Antarctic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Arctic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea Extensive references throughout the book make this volume both a comprehensive text for general study and a reference/guide to further research for fisheries scientists, fisheries managers, aquaculture personnel, climate change specialists, aquatic invertebrate and vertebrate biologists, physiologists, marine biologists, economists, environmentalist biologists and planners.
Download or read book Global Seagrass Research Methods written by F.T. Short and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-11-06 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thorough and informative volume presents a set of detailed, globally applicable techniques for seagrass research.The book provides methods for all aspects of seagrass science from basic plant collection to statistical approaches and investigations of plant-animal interaction. The emphasis is on methods that are applicable in both developing and developed countries. The importance of seagrasses in coastal and near shore environments, and ultimately their contribution to the productivity of the world's oceans, has become increasingly recognised over the last 40 years.Seagrasses provide food for sea turtles, nearly 100 fish species, waterfowl and for the marine mammals the manatee and dugong. Seagrasses also support complex food webs by virtue of their physical structure and primary production and are well known for their role as breeding grounds and nurseries for important crustacean, finfish and shell fish populations. Seagrasses are the basis of an important detrital food chain. The plants filter nutrients and contaminants from the water, stabilise sediments and act as dampeners to wave action. Seagrasses rank with coral reefs and mangroves as some of the world's most productive coastal habitat and strong linkages among these habitats make the loss of seagrasses a contributing factor in the degradation of the world's oceans.Contributors from around the world provide up-to-date methods for comparable collection of ecological information from both temperate and tropical seagrass ecosystems.
Download or read book Marine Macrophytes as Foundation Species written by Emil Olafsson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine macrophytes (macroalgae, seagrasses, and mangroves) comprise thousands of species distributed in shallow water areas along the world’s coastlines. They play a key role in marine ecosystems regarding biodiversity and energy flow. A large proportion of macrophyte species can be characterised as ecosystem engineers—organisms that directly or indirectly affect the availability of resources to other species by modifying, maintaining, and creating habitats. This book is divided into three main themes: • Marine macroalgae and seagrasses as sources of biodiversity gives an overview of the diversity of the main organisms associated with macrophytes, and their functional role and interactions within their hosts. • Primary and secondary production of Macrophytes synthesizes research on food web structures derived from/or associated with, macrophytes and the transfer of macrophytic primary and secondary production from one ecosystem to another. • Threats to macrophytic ecosystem engineers addresses human-induced effects including eutrophication, physical destruction, invasive species, and global warming. The book is among the first one to concentrate on the value of macrophytes for the well-being of marine habitats. The book is aimed at academics but may be useful for students, policy makers, and laymen alike.
Download or read book Interactions in the Marine Benthos written by Stephen J. Hawkins and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account of how abiotic and biotic interactions shape patterns of coastal marine biodiversity and ecosystem processes globally.
