Download or read book The Effects of Medicare Part D on Non proper Use of Prescription Drugs in Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries written by Dooyoung Lim and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Medicare Part D program enhanced Medicare beneficiaries ability to afford prescription drugs through reduced drug prices, thereby increasing their drug utilization rates. Considering potentially high price responsiveness of lower degree of necessity drugs, Part D is likely to induce higher consumption of improperly used prescription drugs, including inappropriate and off-label drugs, in Medicare enrollees. Yet little evidence exists about howand to what extentPart D might have an impact on these types of medication use of elderly Medicare recipients. This thesis using multi-year (2001-2010) data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) explores whether and how much Part D has influenced inappropriate and off-label drug use patterns among elderly Medicare beneficiaries. The difference-in-differences (DD) model was used for both analyses. The inappropriate drug use study found that Part D did not promote the use of Beers Criteria (BC) drugs among elderly Medicare beneficiaries; rather, there has been a decreasing trend in the use of BC drugs over time regardless of type of insurance coverage. Similarly, Part D did not promote off-label psychotherapeutic drug use among those who had newly obtained drug coverage through Part D. However, dual-eligibles increased off-label psychotherapeutic drug use after Part D went into effect, indicating that the transition of prescription drug costs from Medicaid to Medicare after Part D might have influenced the off-label psychotherapeutic drug use patterns of dual-eligibles. Both inappropriate and off-label drug use rates are remarkably high among elderly Medicare beneficiaries, suggesting that continuing clinical and policy efforts should be established to reduce non-proper use of prescription drugs among elderly Medicare enrollees in order to improve quality prescription drug therapies.
Download or read book Medicare part D and its effect on the use of prescription drugs use of other health care services and health of the elderly written by Robert Kaestner and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we provide an assessment of the effect of Medicare Part D on the previously uninsured. We examine the effect of gaining prescription drug insurance as a result of Medicare Part D on use of prescription drugs, use of other medical services, and health for a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries. Given the heightened importance of prescription drugs for those with chronic illness, we provide separate estimates for those in poorer health. We find that gaining prescription drug insurance through Medicare Part D was associated with an 63% increase in the number of annual prescriptions, but that obtaining prescription drug insurance is not significantly related to use of other health care services or health, as measured by functional status and self-reported health. Among those in poorer health, we find that gaining prescription drug insurance was associated with a 56% increase in the number of annual prescriptions, and is not significantly related to health. For this group, there is some evidence that prescription drug insurance was associated with a decrease in the use of outpatient services.
Download or read book Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit written by United States. Congress. Senate. Special Committee on Aging and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Medicare Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Medicare Part D Coverage Gap on Beneficiaries Adherence to Prescription Medications written by Urvi S. Desai and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION: Medicare Part D provides prescription drug coverage to seniors through a benefit plan with a major deductible inserted in the middle. It is important to study the extent to which this structure affects seniors' adherence to prescription medications. Therefore, this study had the following objectives: (1) To identify characteristics of beneficiaries reaching and not reaching the coverage gap, (2) To study the entry and exit times from the coverage gap, (3) To study the impact of a complete gap in coverage on beneficiaries' adherence to prescription medications, (4) To study the impact of a partial gap in coverage on beneficiaries' adherence to prescription medications. METHODS: This was a retrospective quasi-experimental analysis with matched control groups using a nationally representative sample of Part D enrollees from 2008 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) datasets. Adherence to each oral medication taken for one or more of the seven pre-defined therapeutic classes before and after reaching the coverage gap was measured using the Medication Possession Ratio (MPR). Appropriate statistical tests for significance were performed for each analysis. RESULTS: A quarter of our sample (24.42%) reached the coverage gap in 2008. Most of the beneficiaries reaching the coverage gap did so by end of September. Those reaching the coverage gap and losing all coverage experienced significantly greater reductions in adherence (3% more for beta-blockers to 9% more for oral anti-diabetic agents), compared to those not reaching the coverage gap. A considerable proportion of beneficiaries stopped taking medications in both the groups and the proportion of beneficiaries considered adherent also dropped in both the groups during the coverage gap period. CONCLUSIONS: Medicare Part D beneficiaries face significant barriers to adherence and this is especially highlighted among those reaching the coverage gap. Interventions to improve adherence in this group should target all beneficiaries, especially those with several chronic conditions.
Download or read book Prescription Drug Coverage and Drug Use Among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries written by Soon Im Huh and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluating the Success of Medicare Part D and Its Impact on Medicare Beneficiaries written by Allison Marie Brown and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medicare Part D began providing prescription drug coverage to Medicare beneficiaries in 2006. It is essential to examine how the program impacts seniors' demand for prescription drugs, health outcomes and overall healthcare costs. This research paper analyzes how Part D affects beneficiaries' expenditures on prescription drugs and the number of prescriptions they use. Additionally, this paper explores whether Part D insurance and satisfaction with a healthcare provider influence the demand for prescriptions and the likelihood of being in the Part D coverage gap, or "doughnut hole". The analysis uses Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) Full Year and Prescription Drug Files for 2004 through 2007. The results suggest that Part D and provider satisfaction impact beneficiaries demand for prescription drugs, but they do not significantly impact demand for drugs to treat a serious chronic illness like diabetes. For seniors without diabetes, but not those with diabetes, this study found that Part D coverage increases the likelihood of being in the coverage gap. The results also indicate that provider satisfaction increases the likelihood of being in the doughnut hole. Part D is a relatively new benefit, and the program appears to increase seniors demand for prescriptions. Hopefully, Part D will improve long-term health outcomes in addition to expanding access to prescription drugs.
Download or read book Medicare Part D s Effects on Elderly Drug Costs and Utilization written by Jonathan D. Ketcham and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze Medicare Part D's net effect on elderly out-of-pocket (OOP) costs and use of prescription drugs using a dataset containing 1.4 billion prescription records from Wolters Kluwer Health (WKH). These data span the period December 2004-December 2007 and include pharmacy customers whose age as of 2007 is greater than 57 years. The outcomes we examine are OOP cost per day's supply of a medication, the days of medication supplied per capita, and the number of individuals filling prescriptions. We compare outcomes before vs. after January 2006, for those over age 66 years vs. for those age 58-64 years, adjusting for the under-reporting of certain cash-only transactions in the WKH data. Our results indicate that from 2005-2007, Part D reduced elderly OOP costs per day's supply of medication by 21.7%, and increased elderly use of prescription drugs by 4.7%, implying a price elasticity of demand of -0.22. These effects occurred primarily during the first year of the program. An age- and time-standardized comparison of our quantity results with previous estimates from Walgreens data shows that our findings are 2.6 times as large. We conclude that Part D lowered elderly patients' OOP costs substantially and increased utilization modestly, and note that in comparing results across studies on this topic, magnitudes may vary substantially due to differences in data and methods.
Download or read book Medicare Part D written by Kathleen M. King and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2012-10-10 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To help defray out-of-pocket prescription drug costs for limited or low-income Medicare beneficiaries, the Medicare Part D outpatient prescription drug program offers a low-income subsidy (LIS) for eligible beneficiaries. In 2010, about 9.4 million beneficiaries received the LIS -- about 40%of the approx. 23 million Medicare Part D beneficiaries in that year. Most of the LIS beneficiaries received the full LIS, thus paying no premiums or deductibles as long as they enrolled in so-called "benchmark" stand-alone prescription drug plans (PDP). Benchmark PDPs are those plans with premiums at or below a specified benchmark for a given geographic region, calculated by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), the agency within the Dept. of Health and Human Services (HHS) that administers the Medicare program. Full LIS beneficiaries may also enroll in other Part D plans but must pay any difference between the premium of the plan in which they choose to enroll and the benchmark for their region. This report examines the features of benchmark PDPs and explores how the random reassignment process may affect beneficiaries' drug utilization. Tables. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book The Effects of Medicare Part D on the Pervalence of Inappropriate Psychotropic Medications Use Among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries written by Taiwo Obajuluwa and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medicare Part D s Effects on Elderly Drug Costs and Utilization written by Jonathan Ketcham and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze Medicare Part D's net effect on elderly out-of-pocket (OOP) costs and use of prescription drugs using a dataset containing 1.4 billion prescription records from Wolters Kluwer Health (WKH). These data span the period December 2004-December 2007 and include pharmacy customers whose age as of 2007 is greater than 57 years. The outcomes we examine are OOP cost per day's supply of a medication, the days of medication supplied per capita, and the number of individuals filling prescriptions. We compare outcomes before vs. after January 2006, for those over age 66 years vs. for those age 58-64 years, adjusting for the under-reporting of certain cash-only transactions in the WKH data. Our results indicate that from 2005-2007, Part D reduced elderly OOP costs per day's supply of medication by 21.7%, and increased elderly use of prescription drugs by 4.7%, implying a price elasticity of demand of -0.22. These effects occurred primarily during the first year of the program. An age- and time-standardized comparison of our quantity results with previous estimates from Walgreens data shows that our findings are 2.6 times as large. We conclude that Part D lowered elderly patients' OOP costs substantially and increased utilization modestly, and note that in comparing results across studies on this topic, magnitudes may vary substantially due to differences in data and methods.
Download or read book Prescription Drugs written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit written by Susanne M. Kirchhoff and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA, P.L. 108-173) established a voluntary, outpatient prescription drug benefit under Medicare Part D, effective January 1, 2006. Medicare Part D provides coverage through private prescription drugplans (PDPs) that offer only drug coverage, or through Medicare Advantage (MA) prescription drug plans (MA-PDs) that offer coverage as part of broader, managed care plans. Private drug plans participating in Part D bear some financial risk, though federal subsidies cover most program costs in an effort to encourage participation and keep benefits affordable. At a minimum, Medicare drug plans must offer a "standard coverage" package of benefits or alternative coverage that is actuarially equivalent to a standard plan. Plans also may offer enhanced benefits. Although all plans must meet certain minimum requirements, there can be significant differences among offerings in terms of benefit design, specific drugs included in formularies (i.e., list of covered drugs), cost sharing for particular drugs, or the level of monthlypremiums. In general, beneficiaries can enroll in a plan, or change plan enrollment, when they first become eligible for Medicare or during open enrollment periods each October 15 through December 7. For plan year 2016, there are between 19 and 29 PDPs in each of the nation's 34 PDP regions, as well as Medicare Advantage plans. Because sponsors are allowed to change planofferings from year to year, beneficiaries must review their annual choices carefully to select theplans that best meet their needs. A key element of the Part D program is enhanced coverage for low-income individuals. Personswith incomes up to 150% of the federal poverty level (FPL) and assets below set limits are eligible for extra assistance with Medicare Part D premiums and cost sharing. Individuals enrolled in both Medicare and Medicaid (so-called dual eligibles), and certain other low-incombeneficiaries, are automatically enrolled in no-premium plans, which are Part D plans that have premiums at or below specified levels. In 2015, about 39 million Medicare beneficiaries received prescription drug benefits through a PDP or an MA-PD, with almost one-third receiving a low-income subsidy. Another 2 million received drug assistance through a Part D-subsidized retiree health plan, and 8 million Medicare beneficiaries had separate, private drug coverage. Overall, about 88% of Medicare beneficiarieshad drug coverage through either PDP or MA-PD plans, retiree coverage, or private insurance ofcomparable scope. Total Part D expenditures were close to $90 billion in calendar year 2015. Medicare Part D has cost less than originally forecasted, due in part to lower-than-predicted enrollment and increased use of less expensive generic drugs. However, the Medicare Trustees project that spending on Part D benefits will accelerate over the next 10 years due to expectationof further increases in the number of enrollees, costs associated with the gradual elimination of the out-of-pocket cost coverage gap, changes in the distribution of enrollees among coverage categories, a slowing of the trend toward greater generic drug utilization, and an increase in the use and the prices of specialty drugs.
Download or read book The Impact of Medicare Part D on the Prevalence of Inappropriate Medications Among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries written by Darshan Pawar and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medicare Part D written by Office, U.s. Government Accountability and published by . This book was released on 2017-08-16 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In 2009, GAO reported on doctor shopping in Medicaid, where individuals see several doctors and pharmacies, receiving more of a drug than was intended by any single physician. Questions have been raised about whether similar activity exists in Medicare Part D.GAO was asked to (1) determine the extent to which Medicare beneficiaries obtained frequently abused drugs from multiple prescribers, (2) identify examples of doctor shopping activity, and (3) determine the actions taken by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to limit access to drugs for known abusers. To meet the objectives, GAO analyzed Medicare Part D claims for calendar year 2008 to identify potential doctor shoppers. To identify examples, GAO chose a nonrepresentative selection of 10 beneficiaries based on a number of factors, including the number of prescribers. GAO also interviewed policy officials from CMS and from prescription drug plans that administer the drug benefit program. GAO recommends that CMS review its findings and consider steps such as a restricted recipient program for identified doctor shoppers and seek congressional authority, as appropriate. CMS agreed with the overall recommendation to improve its efforts to curb overutilization in Part D, but disagreed that a restricted recipient program is necessarily the appropriate..."
Download or read book Prescription Drugs and Elderly Americans written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Medicare Part D on the Utilization and Average Percentage Out of Pocket Expenditures of Psychotropic Medications for the Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries written by Afam K. Nwangwu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
