Download or read book The Effects of Malnutrition on the Brain Development and Learning of Rats written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Perinatal Malnutrition on Brain Development in Rats written by Ling Wang and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Effects of Perinatal Malnutrition on Brain Development in Rats" by Ling, Wang, 王玲, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of the thesis entitled EFFECTS OF PERINATAL MALNUTRITION ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT IN RATS submitted by Wang Ling for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in August 2006 The perinatal period, the period around the time of birth, is critical for brain development in most mammalian species. Numerous studies reported in the literature have shown that nutritional insults during this period can cause life-long impairment in various brain functions, including learning and memory function. How perinatal malnutrition leads to impairment in brain learning and memory function is still unclear. An emerging theory suggests that nutritional factors may modulate critical gene expression and subsequently lead to the functional alteration. More resent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in brain learning and memory function. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of perinatal malnutrition on BDNF gene expression in the brain and the effects on spatial learning and memory function. Laboratory rats (Wistar and Sprague-Dawley strains) were used as an animal model. Pregnant or lactating rats were subjected to various types of nutritional insults, including calorie restriction, protein malnutrition or n-3 fatty acid deficiency, and their offspring were evaluated for the spatial learning and memory performance using the Morris water maze test. The concentrations of BDNF and BDNF mRNA in various regions of the brain were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively. It was found that prenatal 50% calorie restriction significantly reduced the levels of BDNF and its mRNA in hippocampus. Calorie restriction also caused significant impairment in spatial learning ability in the rats. The effects appeared to be proportionate to the duration of prenatal calorie restriction. The effects of perinatal protein malnutrition on spatial learning and memory performance and BDNF gene expression varied in rats depending on the time and duration of the dietary insults. Rats fed with a low protein diet (6% vs. 20% in control) during the four weeks period after birth showed poor spatial learning and memory performance at ten weeks of age accompanied with significant decrease in BDNF and its mRNA concentrations in hippocampus. Rats subjected to the low protein diet two weeks before and four weeks after birth also showed a significantly poor learning and memory performance at four but not ten weeks of age. Moderate decrease in BDNF concentration was observed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Dietary n-3 fatty acid deficiency for three generations led to significant depletion of decosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the brain tissue. Rats with depleted brain DHA showed dramatic impairment in learning and memory ability at four and ten weeks of age. BDNF mRNA concentration was also significantly reduced in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in DHA depleted rat pups at four weeks of age. In conclusion, results of the present study indicate that perinatal malnutrition generally reduces BDNF gene expression in the brain and causes impairment in spatial learning and memory performance. Severity of the effect increases with an increased duration of the nu
Download or read book Effects of Perinatal Malnutrition on Brain Development in Rats written by Ling Wang (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Malnutrition and Brain Development written by Myron Winick and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1976 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the evidence from experimental and clinical studies that malnutrition early in life is associated iwth retarded brain development.
Download or read book From Neurons to Neighborhoods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Download or read book The Effects of Lactational Undernutrition on Maternal Responsiveness and on the Behavioral and Brain Development of Rats Before and After Nutritional Rehabilitation in the Low protein and Rotational Models written by Stephen Manning Robinson and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Roles of Motivation and Cue Salience in Incidental Learning in the Rat written by Lawrence Irving Goldberger and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Malnutrition Cognitive Development and Learning written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies of Growth Eye and Brain Development in the Neonatal Rat written by Jenell Dee Trimmer and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cortex of the Rat written by Karl Zilles and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Early Nutrition and Later Achievement written by John Dobbing and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This book considers the evidence from both laboratory and field studies on the effect of under-nutrition in early infancy on subsequent intellectual and social performance of the individual. The book is the outcome of a workshop held in Paris in late 1986. Papers and first commentaries were precirculated resulting in advanced discussions at the meeting.
Download or read book The Effects of Protein Malnutrition on the Electroencephalographic Development of the Rat Brain written by Sitha Piyawinijwong and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neurologic Consequences of Malnutrition written by Marco T. Medina, MD and published by Demos Medical Publishing. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 800 million people in the world do not have enough to eat. In many developing countries, inadequate amounts of food and inadequate diversity of food continue to be priority health problems. Malnutrition in all its forms increases the risk of disease and early death. Neurologic Consequences of Malnutrition, edited by Dr. Marco T. Medina, seeks to underline the magnitude of neurologic diseases related to malnutrition and the importance of early detection and opportune treatment. Designed particularly for neurologists practicing in low-resource environments, this text is written by a multinational group of expert practicing neurologists who treat patients suffering from the neurologic consequence of malnutrition. Neurologic Consequences of Malnutrition begins with an overview of the epidemiology and incidence of malnutrition and neurologic disorders. There is a discussion of the clinical and functional assessment of undernourished patients, focusing on patients with Protein-Energy Malnutrition, as well as an extensive and complete classification of the different micronutrient deficiencies related to neurologic symptoms. Other topics covered include the relationship between alcoholism and malnutrition, a major public health challenge in developing nations, and the neurophysiologic findings in undernourished patients.
Download or read book Principles of Nutritional Assessment written by Rosalind S. Gibson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With over 200 newly drafted figures & many new tables drawn from the wealth of data published over the last 15 years, this new edition has been thoroughly revised.
Download or read book Nutrition and Behavior written by J.R. Galler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the appearance of the four-book series Human Nutrition: A Compre hensive Treatise, it became apparent to the editors that an important area of nutrition had been overlooked, namely, behavioral aspects of nutrition. There are two areas in which nutrition and behavior interact. On the one hand, mal nutrition may play a major role in determining behavior; alternatively, often aspects of behavior influence the eating habits of populations and individuals and thus affect their nutritional status. Volume 5 of this series speaks eloquently to both features of this important topic. Various aspects of the influence of behavior modification and nutrition have been explored by a number of qualified investigators. It is hoped that this volume will prove a valuable addition to the subjects covered in the other volumes. Roslyn B. Alfin-Slater David Kritchevsky Los Angeles and Philadelphia ix Contents Introduction: The Challenge of Nutrition and Environment as Determinants of Behavioral Development .................... . Janina R. Galler References ............................................. 5 Part I • Nutritional Deficiencies or Excesses Modifying Behavioral Outcome Chapter 1 Methological Requirements for Conceptually Valid Research Studies on the Behavioral Effects of Malnutrition David E. Barrett 1. Introduction ......................................... 9 2. Statistical-Conclusion Validity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . 3. Internal Validity ...................................... 14 4. External Validity ..................................... 16 5. Construct Validity of Putative Causes and Effects . . . . . . . . .. . . . 19 6. Conclusions and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 28 . . . .
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-02-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the years since the third edition of this indispensable reference was published, a great deal has been learned about the nutritional requirements of common laboratory species: rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, and vole. The Fourth Revised Edition presents the current expert understanding of the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, vitamin, and other nutritional needs of these animals. The extensive use of tables provides easy access to a wealth of comprehensive data and resource information. The volume also provides an expanded background discussion of general dietary considerations. In addition to a more user-friendly organization, new features in this edition include: A significantly expanded section on dietary requirements for rats, reporting substantial new findings. A new section on nutrients that are not required but that may produce beneficial results. New information on growth and reproductive performance among the most commonly used strains of rats and mice and on several hamster species. An expanded discussion of diet formulation and preparationâ€"including sample diets of both purified and natural ingredients. New information on mineral deficiency and toxicity, including warning signs. This authoritative resource will be important to researchers, laboratory technicians, and manufacturers of laboratory animal feed.
