Download or read book The Effects of High fat Feeding on Synaptic Function in Female Rats and Their Offspring written by Isabelle Lorraine Messa-Hamidi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of obesity has been increasing across the globe at an unprecedented rate, and obesity is associated with a number of diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and certain types of cancer. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that obesity can also cause cognitive impairment, and research is increasingly aimed at elucidating both the nature of, and the mechanisms behind, these impairments in the brain. Because the hippocampus has been shown to be particularly vulnerable to these effects, both of the studies presented in this thesis aimed to investigate the effects of high-fat diet-induced obesity on hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
Download or read book What are the Effects of Maternal Obesity on Synaptic Function in the Maternal and Offspring Hippocampus written by Denise Lau and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is a global epidemic that is associated with several adverse health consequences. In addition, there is also a growing prevalence of obesity in pregnancy. Maternal obesity places the fetus in an abnormal in utero condition that can produce alterations in development leading to permanent programming of physiological systems. Obesity is also associated with cognitive dysfunction, which calls for investigations into its effects on the hippocampus, a brain area involved in learning and memory. Long-term potentiation (LTP), a neurophysiological correlate for learning and memory, can be examined in hippocampal slices. This study aimed to fill in the gap in literature regarding the effect of obesity on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in female rats, and maternal obesity effects on offspring hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet (CD), or a high-fat diet (HFD; 40% of calories from saturated fat) for 16 weeks. Impaired glucose tolerance and greater retroperitoneal fat pad weight indicated an obese phenotype in HFD rats; as well, the modified diet led to impaired LTP: CD rats had 10% more potentiation in amplitude, and 11% more potentiation in slope than HFD rats. Offspring were weaned onto control diet at post-natal day 21. Reduced success rates for achieving LTP, and lowered magnitudes of mean LTP in the offspring, strongly suggest that maternal obesity may have compromised hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and warrants further study.
Download or read book A Diet High in Saturated Fat Leads to Obesity in Female Rats But Does Not Affect Total Synaptic Or Cell Surface Expression of NMDA Receptor Subunits in Hippocampus written by Dmytro Pavlov and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is an accumulation of adipose tissue to the point of negative health outcomes; the association of obesity with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease is particularly profound. Notably, obesity has begun to be associated with impairments in cognitive function; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms are poorly understood. Behavioural studies have demonstrated a link between a high fat diet and impaired hippocampal function, and our aim was to characterize protein level changes in the hippocampus of an obese female rat model. Female rats were fed either a control diet (CD; 10% kcal from fat), or a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% kcal from fat) for 16 weeks. Body weight, food consumption, fasting blood glucose levels, and glucose tolerance were monitored. Upon sacrifice brain, liver, adrenal glands, spleens and fat pads were harvested and analyzed. Plasma leptin and insulin levels were also measured. The distribution of NMDA receptor subunits was examined by using either cell-surface biotinylation, or differential filtration-centrifugation followed by immunoblotting. The feeding protocol induced an obese phenotype in female rats characterized by larger fat pads, spleens and adrenal glands, as well as greater problems handling a glucose load. However, cellular, surface and synaptic expression of NMDA receptor subunits (GluN1, GluN2A & GluN2B) were not significantly altered, which suggests that changes downstream of the receptor may be responsible for the effects of HFD on cognitive behaviour.
Download or read book Brain Transcriptome written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published since 1959, International Review of Neurobiology is a well-known series appealing to neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists. Led by an internationally renowned editorial board, this important serial publishes both eclectic volumes made up of timely reviews and thematic volumes that focus on recent progress in a specific area of neurobiology research. This volume, concentrates on the brain transcriptome.
Download or read book Synaptic Plasticity written by Michael R. Kreutz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-18 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the current concepts of molecular mechanisms in synaptic plasticity and provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge research technology used to investigate the molecular dynamics of the synapses. It explores current concepts on activity-dependent remodeling of the synaptic cytoskeleton and presents the latest ideas on the different forms of plasticity in synapses and dendrites. Synaptic Plasticity in Health and Disease not only supplies readers with extensive knowledge on the latest developments in research, but also with important information on clinical and applied aspects. Changes in spine synapses in different brain disease states, so-called synaptopathies, are explained and described by experts in the field. By outlining basic research findings as well as physiological and pathophysiological impacts on synaptic plasticity, the book represents an essential state-of-the-art work for scientists in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology and the neurosciences, as well as for doctors in neurology and psychiatry alike.
Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
Download or read book The Fine Structure of the Nervous System written by Alan Peters and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1991 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents the most complete and authoritative description on the fine structure of the nervous system available in a single volume. Beginning with background material on the neuron, the book then examines specific portions of the nerve cell, and of the various supporting cells. Structure is first described in a general fashion, followed by detailed coverage of the fine structure of each component, with full discussion of how the structural features relate to their functions. Extensively revised and rewritten, this book will bring readers up to date with the many important developments that have taken place since publication of the previous edition. It includes over 130 electron micrographs and line drawings, many of which are new to this edition.
Download or read book From Neurons to Neighborhoods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Download or read book Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-08-22 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding on the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, this book deals specifically with mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research laboratories. It offers flexible guidelines for the care of these animals, and guidance on adapting these guidelines to various situations without hindering the research process. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research offers a more in-depth treatment of concerns specific to these disciplines than any previous guide on animal care and use. It treats on such important subjects as: The important role that the researcher and veterinarian play in developing animal protocols. Methods for assessing and ensuring an animal's well-being. General animal-care elements as they apply to neuroscience and behavioral research, and common animal welfare challenges this research can pose. The use of professional judgment and careful interpretation of regulations and guidelines to develop performance standards ensuring animal well-being and high-quality research. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research treats the development and evaluation of animal-use protocols as a decision-making process, not just a decision. To this end, it presents the most current, in-depth information about the best practices for animal care and use, as they pertain to the intricacies of neuroscience and behavioral research.
Download or read book Perinatal Programming written by Andreas Plagemann and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-11-30 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perinatal Programming addresses the environment-dependent setting of fundamental life functions and dispositions for diseases in developmental periods during pregnancy and in early infancy. It provides a new view of the origins of health and diseases. To realize these associations may enable us to prevent diseases for the long term. This book reviews actual state-of-the-art knowledge in the perinatal programming field. The authors are internationally known scientists of this research area.
Download or read book Development of the Visual System written by Retina Research Foundation (U.S.). Symposium and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of the Visual System presents a selection of current studies that clearly illustrate principles of visual system development. These range from retinal development in fish and frogs to the effects of abnormal visual experience on the primary visual cortex of the cat. The book is unique in addressing four specific and fundamental aspects of development: cell lineage and cell fate, specificity and targeting of axons, specification of visual cortex, and correlates of the critical period. Encompassing technical advances in cellular and molecular biology and in video imaging and microscopy, contributions in each of these areas provide new information at the cellular and molecular levels to complement the now classic descriptions of visual development previously available at the level of neural systems.ContributorsKaren L. Allendoerfer, David M. Altshuler, Antonella Antonini, Seymour Benzer, Edward M. Callaway, Constance L. Cepko, Hollis T. Cline, Max S. Cynader, N. W. Daw, Scott E. Fraser, K. Fox, Eckhard Friauf, Anirvan Ghosh, R. W. Guillery, William A. Harris, Christine E. Holt, Lawrence C. Katz, Susan McConnell, Pamela A. Raymond, Thomas A. Reh, Carla J. Shatz, Michael P. Stryker, Claudia A. 0. Stuermer, Mriganka Sur, David L. Turner, T. N. Wiesel
Download or read book Peripheral Nerve Regeneration written by Giovanna Gambarotta and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-12-24 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Micronutrients and Brain Health written by Lester Packer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-10-06 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micronutrients and Brain Health addresses cutting-edge research related to processes of oxidative stress that affect brain function, an area of increasing significance for those concerned and involved with public health and translational medicine. Edited by four leading micronutrient researchers, the book brings together the investigative work of m
Download or read book Obesogenic Environmental Conditions Affect Neurodevelopment and Neurodegeneration written by Gustavo Pacheco-Lopez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-23 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neurobehavioral Toxicity written by Bernard Weiss and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-06-30 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In establishing how certain chemicals can cause behavioural disorders, the process of neurotoxicity risk assessment poses significant challenges to every discipline within neuroscience. In this volume, leaders from industrial, academic, and government settings share insights on behavioural measurement in neurotoxicity risk assessment, and address the critical scientific issues arising from the expanding role of neurobehavioral toxicology in public policy development.; The authors set out to provide a comprehensive and authoritative review of current methods in the analysis and interpretation of neurobehavioural toxicology. Coverage begins with a discussion of criteria for determining neurotoxic potential. The next section examines neurobehavioural evaluations in developmental neurotoxicity. Subsequent sections focus on activity and observational data and applications of schedule-controlled operant behaviour in toxicity testing. The contributors address controversies surrounding the suitability and interpretation of procedures designed for neurotoxicological assessments. Some case studies are also included.
Download or read book Mechanisms and pathways of action for nutritional effects on brain health written by Daniel Joseph Lamport and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health written by Ekaterina Maslova and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In pregnancy, maternal nutrition sustains and nourishes the developing child. Imbalances in either the direction of nutritional excess or deficiency can have adverse consequences for child health. In addition, more research now suggests that good pregnancy nutrition influences child health beyond pregnancy and delivery. This includes modifying the risk of child health outcomes as they enter childhood and adulthood through influences on placental development, hormonal pathways, and organ structure and function. Poor pregnancy nutrition may also compromise maternal health during pregnancy, which may have long-term consequences for women’s health. Understanding the biological and social mechanisms operating during pregnancy can help in the design of better clinical and public health interventions. This Special Issue on “The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health” includes etiological and mechanistic studies of pregnancy nutrition with short- and long-term maternal and child health outcomes, including original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Together, this body of work provides important insights into the influence of dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on pregnancy outcomes, and long-term neurodevelopmental, respiratory, and metabolic health in the children. It also highlights nutritional consequences for specific groups of women, including those with pregnancy complications and eating disorders.
