Download or read book The Effects of Herbivory and Competition on Senecio Inaequidens DC Asteraceae an Invasive Alien Plant written by Christoph Scherber and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-08 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diploma Thesis from the year 2002 in the subject Biology - Ecology, grade: 1,0 (A), University of Rostock (Institute for Botany), language: English, abstract: Since the end of the 19th century, overall per-capita mobility of humans has increased significantly, leading to increased rates in human-mediated transportation of animal and plant species. The rapid spread of alien organisms, however, may lead to quick and unpredictable changes in ecosystems. Senecio inaequidens DC. (Asteraceae) is an invasive alien plant from South Africa that was first introduced to Europe 100 years ago and is characterized by an exceptionally fast rate of spread; it contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are toxic to invertebrates, livestock and humans. In the study presented here, laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments on the biology of Senecio inaequidens were conducted, in order to find out if and how herbivory and plant competition influence growth, survival and reproduction of this plant. Specifically, the presence of vertebrate herbivores, molluscs, insects and plant competitors was experimentally manipulated using full factorial and split-plot designs. All experiments were performed at Imperial College, Silwood Park, about 30 km west of London (UK). Growth and fecundity of Senecio inaequidens were significantly affected by interspecific competition. Vertebrate herbivory only had a significant effect when a closed vegetation cover was present. On artificially disturbed plots, Senecio inaequidens showed high capability to overcompensate for herbivory. Mollusc herbivory significantly reduced fecundity of S. inaequidens. Different ecotypes of Senecio inaequidens showed different amounts of herbivore damage. One of the most remarkable results of this study was that Longitarsus jacobaeae, a native specialist leaf beetle, freely colonized Senecio inaequidens, indicating that native herbivores might be suitable biocontrol agents of invasive alien plants in the future. Host switching
Download or read book Effects of Interspecific Competition and Herbivory on an Exotic Species Senecio Inaequidens written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Interspecific Competition and Herbivory on an Exotic Species Senecio Inaequidens D C written by Maria Guadalupe Alvarez Aguirre and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Consequences of Relatedness written by Michael Stastny and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Species interactions, such as competition and herbivory, are believed to be important structuring forces in plant communities. As a proxy for species similarity, the degree of relatedness among species may influence the intensity and outcomes of these interactions. In my dissertation research, I examined whether relatedness influenced the relative importance of plant competition and insect herbivory, and their feedbacks, in structuring the local community of closely related Asteraceae. Focusing on seven common, co-occurring, old-field species (genus Solidago, Symphyotrichum, and Euthamia), I tested the long-standing hypothesis that competition between close relatives is stronger than among more distantly related taxa. I also examined the effects of plant community structure on herbivory by a specialist outbreaking herbivore (Trirhabda virgata), and, in turn, the impacts of herbivory on plant competitive dynamics and community structure. Relatedness was not a reliable predictor of the intensity of competition among the focal species. Outcomes of pairwise competition between close and more distant relatives did not differ in a shortterm greenhouse experiment. Over three years, community productivity and growth of individual species were comparable in field mesocosms containing closely related species or mixtures of more distantly related taxa, in spite of clear differences in competitive abilities among species. However, communities of close relatives experienced greater invasion by other old-field species, highlighting the role of relatedness and competition in broader plant community structure. Community relatedness also determined the extent of damage by Trirhabda, which reflected the insect's host preference hierarchy. Specifically, the preferred genus (Solidago) suffered greater herbivory when growing in mixtures with the less preferred genus (Symphyotrichum) than when growing alone; the opposite pattern was observed for Symphyotrichum. In spite of differential damage, herbivory did not lead to a shift in the competitive abilities or community structure of the focal species compared to communities protected from herbivores; however, insect herbivores promoted invasion of the communities by other old-field species. In summary, my research reveals the consequences of species relatedness in trophic interactions between plants and herbivores, but not directly in plant competition, and underscores the potential feedbacks between plant community structure and herbivory over longer time scales.
Download or read book The Next Step Disentangling the Role of Plant Soil Feedbacks in Plant Performance and Species Coexistence Under Natural Conditions written by Johannes Heinze and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Invasive Plant Species of the World 2nd Edition written by Ewald Weber and published by CABI. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 2003, the status of many important invasive plants around the world has changed dramatically. Species have extended their ranges, new literature has been accumulated, and control methods have been improved. Research on some plant invaders has also focused on the species' ecology and impacts, confirming that invasive plants continue to pose serious threats to species and ecosystems. Given their range expansions and introduction via international trade, these problems will only become more serious in the future. Including colour images of each species, this up-to-date reference guide on the most important plant invaders is an invaluable tool for both researchers and policy makers.
Download or read book Alien Terrestrial Arthropods of Europe written by Alain Roques and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Invasion Dynamics written by Cang Hui and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans have moved organisms around the world for centuries but it is only relatively recently that invasion ecology has grown into a mainstream research field. This book examines both the spread and impact dynamics of invasive species, placing the science of invasion biology on a new, more rigorous, theoretical footing, and proposing a concept of adaptive networks as the foundation for future research. Biological invasions are considered not as simple actions of invaders and reactions of invaded ecosystems, but as co-evolving complex adaptive systems with emergent features of network complexity and invasibility. Invasion Dynamics focuses on the ecology of invasive species and their impacts in recipient social-ecological systems. It discusses not only key advances and challenges within the traditional domain of invasion ecology, but introduces approaches, concepts, and insights from many other disciplines such as complexity science, systems science, and ecology more broadly. It will be of great value to invasion biologists analyzing spread and/or impact dynamics as well as other ecologists interested in spread processes or habitat management.
Download or read book Plant Invasions written by Anna Traveset and published by CABI. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many books on aspects of plant invasions, but none that focus on the key role of species interactions in mediating invasions. This book reviews exciting new findings and explores how new methods and tools are shedding new light on crucial processes in plant invasions. This book will be of interest to academics and students of ecology, researchers engaged in developing management solutions, scientific managers of natural ecosystems, and policy-makers.
Download or read book Plants in Changing Environments written by F. A. Bazzaz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-10-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the effects of disturbance, species competition and coexistence, and the processes of plant succession.
Download or read book Biological Invasions in South Africa written by Brian W. van Wilgen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access volume presents a comprehensive account of all aspects of biological invasions in South Africa, where research has been conducted over more than three decades, and where bold initiatives have been implemented in attempts to control invasions and to reduce their ecological, economic and social effects. It covers a broad range of themes, including history, policy development and implementation, the status of invasions of animals and plants in terrestrial, marine and freshwater environments, the development of a robust ecological theory around biological invasions, the effectiveness of management interventions, and scenarios for the future. The South African situation stands out because of the remarkable diversity of the country, and the wide range of problems encountered in its varied ecosystems, which has resulted in a disproportionate investment into both research and management. The South African experience holds many lessons for other parts of the world, and this book should be of immense value to researchers, students, managers, and policy-makers who deal with biological invasions and ecosystem management and conservation in most other regions.
Download or read book The Geometry of Ecological Interactions written by Ulf Dieckmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-05-04 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of theoretical ecology has expanded dramatically in the last few years. This volume gives detailed coverage of the main developing areas in spatial ecological theory, and is written by world experts in the field. Integrating the perspective from field ecology with novel methods for simplifying spatial complexity, it offers a didactical treatment with a gradual increase in mathematical sophistication from beginning to end. In addition, the volume features introductions to those fundamental phenomena in spatial ecology where emerging spatial patterns influence ecological outcomes quantitatively. An appreciation of the consequences of this is required if ecological theory is to move on in the 21st century. Written for reseachers and graduate students in theoretical, evolutionary and spatial ecology, applied mathematics and spatial statistics, it will be seen as a ground breaking treatment of modern spatial ecological theory.
Download or read book Invasive Species and Human Health written by Giuseppe Mazza and published by CABI. This book was released on 2018-07-13 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive alien plants and animals are known for their disruption of ecosystems and threat to biodiversity. This book highlights their major impact on human health. This includes not only direct effects through contact with the species via bites, wounds and disease, but also indirect effects caused by changes induced in ecosystems by invasive species, such as more water hyacinth increasing mosquito levels and thereby the potential for malaria. Covering a wide range of case studies from different taxa (animals and plants), and giving an overview of the diverse impacts of invasive species on health in developed and developing countries, the book is a significant contribution that will help in prioritizing approaches to controlling invasive species and mitigating their health effects. It covers invasive plants, marine species, spiders and other arachnids, ticks and dust mites, insects, mosquitos and other diptera, freshwater species (invertebrates and fishes), amphibians and reptiles, birds and mammals. The broad spectrum of the analyzed case studies will ensure the appeal of the book to a wide public, including researchers of biological invasions, doctors, policy-makers and managers, and students of invasive species in ecology, animal and plant biology and public health medicine.
Download or read book Invasive Plants on the Move written by Etats-Unis. Federal highway administration and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Invasive Plants Ecological and Agricultural Aspects written by S. Inderjit and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive plants have an impact on global biodiversity and ecosystem function, and their management is a complex task. The aim of this book is to discuss fundamental questions of invasion ecology, such as why particular communities become more invasible than others, what the mechanisms of exclusion of native species by invaders are, and whether invasion can be predicted. In addition, agricultural practices influencing invasion, the environmental and economic costs of invasion as well as possible management strategies are discussed. Readers will get a unique perspective on invasion ecology through employing general principles of ecology to plant invasions.
Download or read book Invasion Biology written by Mark A. Davis and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-29 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the exception of climate change, biological invasions have probably received more attention during the past ten years than any other ecological topic. Yet this is the first synthetic, single-authored overview of the field since Williamson's 1996 book. Written fifty years after the publication of Elton's pioneering monograph on the subject, Invasion Biology provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the science of biological invasions while also offering new insights and perspectives relating to the processes of introduction, establishment, and spread. The book connects science with application by describing the health, economic, and ecological impacts of invasive species as well as the variety of management strategies developed to mitigate harmful impacts. The author critically evaluates the approaches, findings, and controversies that have characterized invasion biology in recent years, and suggests a variety of future research directions. Carefully balanced to avoid distinct taxonomic, ecosystem, and geographic (both investigator and species) biases, the book addresses a wide range of invasive species (including protists, invertebrates, vertebrates, fungi, and plants) which have been studied in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments throughout the world by investigators equally diverse in their origins. This accessible and thought-provoking text will be of particular interest to graduate level students and established researchers in the fields of invasion biology, community ecology, conservation biology, and restoration ecology. It will also be of value and use to land managers, policy makers, and other professionals charged with controlling the negative impacts associated with recently arrived species.
Download or read book Plant Invasions written by John H. Brock and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
