Download or read book The Effects of Exercise Intensity on Cholesterol Levels in Elderly Subjects written by Catherine A. Mullooly and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE AND EXERCISE TRAINING ON FAT OXIDATION IN OLDER ADULTS written by Atcharaporn Limprasertkul and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The population aged 65 and older in the United State is anticipated to increase by 53% by 2020. Aging is associated with changes in body composition and metabolism resulting in decreased maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). In addition, gender, inactivity and diet in elderly may increase the risk of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Among the potential mechanisms associated with these changes may be reduced fat oxidation (FO). The immune system affects the factors described above, and in turn there are age-related changes in immune function which may lead to immunosenescence, thereby increasing the chance for infections and risks for some diseases. A common treatment for metabolic disturbances and immune function is statin drugs which decrease low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and may reduce inflammatory processes.^The purpose of this dissertation was to determine if FO was reduced in elderly, specifically after correcting for other factors (e.g. diet, activity level, reduced VO2max etc.), and to investigate the impact FO has on immune responses to stress (exercise), and finally the benefits and consequences of statin therapy.Hypotheses: The following hypotheses were tested: 1) Elderly will have reduced fat oxidation, even after correction for the reduced maximal aerobic power, compared to young subjects. 2) The reduced fat oxidation in the elderly will be associated with reduced release and uptake of fats for metabolism, compared to young. 3) Aerobic exercise training in the elderly will improve fat oxidation, but will not reach the same level as the young. 4) Elderly will have an exaggerated immune response to exercise stress, which will be reduced by exercise training.^5) Statin therapy will significantly reduce fat oxidation.Protocol: To test these hypotheses, a series of studies were conducted. First, a retrospective analysis of total body fat oxidation from a randomized controlled study that was designed to test the effectiveness of an aerobic exercise program in elderly was completed. Second, a study was conducted to test total body fat oxidation, substrate delivery and immune responses to exercise in the elderly compared to young. In addition, an aerobic training program was conducted with the elderly to examine the total body fat oxidation, substrate delivery and immune response before and after training.^Third, compare elderly subjects on statin therapy with a matched control group for the above variables.Methods: In the first study, total body FO during progressive VO2max test on a cycle ergometer in sedentary young and elderly subjects was compared and then the effect of aerobic exercise training on FO in elderly determined. Healthy young women (n = 12), men (n = 10), elderly women (n = 44) and elderly men (n = 44) completed a VO2max test. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER = VCO2/ VO2) was measured as an estimate of FO. Elderly women and men (n =22 each) completed 8 weeks of aerobic exercise training (1 hr, 3 sessions/wk) on a cycle ergometer. For the second study, FO, VO2max, blood lipids, and the immune response to exercise in elderly (N=14) compared to young (n=16) and elderly prior to and after aerobic exercise training (12 wks, 3 sessions/wk for 1 hr).^VO2max and sustained submaximal (70% of VO2max) exercise tests were completed, as were pre and post-exercise blood samples. For the last study, elderly on statin therapy (n = 14) were compared to elderly control subjects (n = 14). FO was determined during maximal and sustained submaximal exercise protocol. Blood samples were drawn for lipid analysis and immune function.Results: VO2 and RER increased linearly with exercise intensity for young and elderly. RER was significantly higher in women than men (p = 0.001), in both young and elderly (p = 0.001). At submaximal VO2, RER increased as a function of VO2, and in elderly the slope increased significantly more than young (young men, RER = 0.12 VO2 + 0.71; elderly men, RER = 0.27 VO2 + 0.71; young women, RER = 0.33 VO2 + 0.54; elderly women, RER = 0.49 VO2 + 0.60, RER/L/min).^Exercise training in elderly increased VO2max (20% in elderly women, 30% in elderly men) and decreased RER at submaximal VO2 in elderly men (RER = 0.21 VO2 + 0.75), but not for elderly women. These data were confirmed in the second study where young had significantly higher VO2max than elderly (30.3 " 6.7 ml/min/kg vs. 16.7 " 6.2 ml/min/kg, p = 0.001). Young also had lower RER at all VO2's than elderly; however, not after correction for VO2max. Young had longer sustained exercise duration (45.5 " 17.6 min) than elderly pre-training (30.2 " 14.0 min). None of the differences between young and elderly could be accounted for by diet or daily activity levels. After 12 weeks of aerobic training in elderly, there was a significant increase in VO2max (14.53 " 3.68 to 24.54 " 4.57 ml/min/kg, p = 0.001).^After training, fasting total cholesterol (TC, 193 " 43 mg/dL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (118 " 34 mg/dL) did not change, while triglycerides (TG) (81 " 36 mg/dL to 115 " 59 mg/dL, p = 0.009) increased. After the VO2max test, post-training, RER (slope = 0.012 vs. 0.016, p = 0.001) and blood lactate (31%, p = 0.028) were significantly lower, while glucose increased (7%, p = 0.04). TG increased by the VO2max test (10-15%) both pre and post-training. After training, submaximal exercise time (58.3 " 27.3 min vs. 30.2 " 14.0 min, p = 0.02), glucose (20%, p = 0.038) and TG increased (6-18%, p = 0.024), while RER was reduced (0.90 " 0.03 vs. 1.00 " 0.03, p = 0.04). Although total caloric intake was higher in young, the balance of carbohydrates, fats and proteins was similar in young and elderly (about 53, 26 and 19%, respectively). In young subjects, no cytokines were increased after the VO2max test.^After the submaximal test in young, IL-1 & beta; (8 " 4 pg/ml) and IL-10 (0.7" 0.6 pg/ml) were not affected by exercise, while IL-6 increased significantly (1.9 " 1.3 to 2.9 " 2.2 pg/ml). In elderly after VO2max test, IL-1 & beta; increased (7.9 " 1.4 to 8.9 " 5.5 pg/ml, p = 0.05) and IL-10 decreased (0.6 " 1.1 to 0.8 " 1.5 pg/ml, p = 0.04). There were no differences between cytokines in young and elderly subjects (p = 0.38 to 0.63). For elderly there were no significant effects of exercise on IL-1 & beta;, IL-6 or IL-10 after 12 weeks of training. In the last study, RER was significantly higher in subjects taking statins during both the VO2max and submaximal tests, indicating reduced FO. Blood lipoprotein levels during exercise were not affected by statins nor were levels of glucose, lactate, or TG. However, free fatty acid levels were significantly elevated by exercise. Statin therapy did not affect IL-1 & beta; or TNF- & alpha;, but increased IL-6.^Conclusions: FO was reduced in the elderly before training, and remained lower than young even after VO2max and FO were increased after training, particularly in women. Elderly did not have reduced fat availability from blood or FO after correction for VO2max during exercise on a treadmill, which increased after training; and sustained exercise duration increased; however this 12 week aerobic training had little effect on the cardiovascular risk factors measured in this study. Neither young nor elderly healthy untrained subjects demonstrated inflammatory responses to exercise and training. In addition, cytokine production was not significantly altered in elderly. It appears that factors other than age may negatively impact the immune system in elderly subjects, i.e. diet, inactivity, diseases, etc.^Although statin therapy lowers baseline blood lipoproteins, its secondary effects need further consideration as FO was significantly reduced in elderly, and this could not be accounted for by diet, exercise, fitness or availability of fat from the blood.

Download or read book Exercise and Diabetes written by Sheri R. Colberg and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical movement has a positive effect on physical fitness, morbidity, and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Although exercise has long been considered a cornerstone of diabetes management, many health care providers fail to prescribe it. In addition, many fitness professionals may be unaware of the complexities of including physical activity in the management of diabetes. Giving patients or clients a full exercise prescription that take other chronic conditions commonly accompanying diabetes into account may be too time-consuming for or beyond the expertise of many health care and fitness professionals. The purpose of this book is to cover the recommended types and quantities of physical activities that can and should be undertaken by all individuals with any type of diabetes, along with precautions related to medication use and diabetes-related health complications. Medications used to control diabetes should augment lifestyle improvements like increased daily physical activity rather than replace them. Up until now, professional books with exercise information and prescriptions were not timely or interactive enough to easily provide busy professionals with access to the latest recommendations for each unique patient. However, simply instructing patients to “exercise more” is frequently not motivating or informative enough to get them regularly or safely active. This book is changing all that with its up-to-date and easy-to-prescribe exercise and physical activity recommendations and relevant case studies. Read and learn to quickly prescribe effective and appropriate exercise to everyone.

Download or read book Management of Dyslipidemia written by Wilbert S. Aronow and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-07-21 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. The earlier in life dyslipidemia is treated, the better the prognosis. The current book is an excellent one on dyslipidemia written by experts on this topic. This book includes 12 chapters including 5 on lipids, 4 on hypercholesterolemia in children, and 3 on the treatment of dyslipidemia. This book should be read by all health care professionals taking care of patients, including pediatricians since atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease begins in childhood.

Download or read book The Effects of Three Exercise Intensity Levels Progression Through an Aerobic Exercise Session and Body Position on Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Elderly written by Linda Schmehl Hunt and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Osteosarcopenia written by Gustavo Duque and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-03-04 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Falls, fractures, frailty, osteoporosis and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in older persons. While the concept of osteosarcopenia is new, it is a rapidly evolving and cross-disciplinary problem. Prevention and treatment are challenging and a combined therapeutic approach is needed. Osteosarcopenia provides evidence-based information on how to prevent and treat these conditions at multiple settings, including multiple illustrations, care pathways and tips to easily understand the pathophysiology, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approach to these conditions. This work evaluates the potential for a link between osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity. - Presents diagnostic and therapeutic tips that facilitate the design and implementation of new care pathways, impacting the wellbeing of our older population - Provides cross-disciplinary understanding by experts from the bone/osteoporosis field and the muscle/sarcopenia field - Covers muscle and bone biology, mesenchymal stem cells, age-related changes and cross-talk between muscle, fat and bone, falls and fracture risk, glucose metabolism, diagnosis, imaging, and genetics of osteosarcopenia

Download or read book ACSM s Health fitness Facility Standards and Guidelines written by American College of Sports Medicine and published by Human Kinetics Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "ACSM's Health/Fitness Facility Standards and Guidelines, Fourth Edition, " presents the current standards and guidelines that help health and fitness establishments provide high-quality service and program offerings in a safe environment. This text is based in large part on both the work that has begun through the NSF international initiative to develop industry standards to serve as the foundation for a voluntary health and fitness facility certification process and the third edition of "ACSM's Health/Fitness Facility Standards and Guidelines." The ACSM's team of experts in academic, medical, and health and fitness fields have put together an authoritative guide for facility operators and owners. By detailing these standards and guidelines and providing supplemental materials, "ACSM's Health/Fitness Facility Standards and" "Guidelines" provides a blueprint for health and fitness facilities to use in elevating the standard of care they provide their members and users as well as enhance their exercise experience. The fourth edition includes new standards and guidelines for pre-activity screening, orientation, education, and supervision; risk management and emergency procedures; professional staff and independent contractors; facility design and construction; facility equipment; operational practices; and signage. This edition includes these updates: -Standards and guidelines aligned with the current version of the pending NSF international health and fitness facility standards -New guidelines addressing individuals with special needs -New standards and guidelines regarding automated external defibrillators (AEDs) for both staffed and unstaffed facilities -Revised standards and guidelines to reflect changing directions and business models within the industry, including 24/7 fitness facilities, medically integrated facilities, and demographic-specific facilities -New standards and guidelines to better equip facilities that are dealing with youth to ensure the proper care of this segment of the clientele With improved organization, new visual features, and additional appendixes, the fourth edition offers a comprehensive and easy-to-use reference of health and fitness facility standards and guidelines. Readers can readily apply the information and save time and expense using over 30 templates found within the appendixes, including questionnaires, informed consent forms, and evaluation forms. Appendixes also contain more than 30 supplements, such as sample preventive maintenance schedules, checklists, and court and facility dimensions. Included in appendix A is Blueprint for Excellence, which allows readers to search efficiently for specific information regarding the standards and guidelines within the book. Health and fitness facilities provide opportunities for individuals to become and remain physically active. As the use of exercise for health care prevention and prescription continues to gain momentum, health and fitness facilities and clubs will emerge as an integral part of the health care system. The fourth edition of "ACSM's Health/Fitness Facility Standards" "and Guidelines" will assist health and fitness facility managers, owners, and staff in keeping to a standard of operation, client care, and service that will assist members and users in caring for their health through safe and appropriate exercise experiences.

Download or read book ACSM s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription written by American College of Sports Medicine and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2014 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The flagship title of the certification suite from the American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription is a handbook that delivers scientifically based standards on exercise testing and prescription to the certification candidate, the professional, and the student. The 9th edition focuses on evidence-based recommendations that reflect the latest research and clinical information. This manual is an essential resource for any health/fitness and clinical exercise professional, physician, nurse, physician assistant, physical and occupational therapist, dietician, and health care administrator. This manual give succinct summaries of recommended procedures for exercise testing and exercise prescription in healthy and diseased patients.

Download or read book The Effects of Exercise Intensity on Plasma Aldosterone Levels in Elderly Hypertensives written by Colleen Anita Hurd and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physical Activity and Health written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promotes value of lifelong moderate exercise.

Download or read book Coronary Primary Prevention Trial written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.

Download or read book Physical Activity Epidemiology written by Rod K. Dishman and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2012-08-29 with total page 1316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Activity Epidemiology, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive discussion of current population-level studies showing the influence of physical activity on disease. Updated with extensive new research collected in the eight years since the previous edition, the second edition adds the expertise of respected epidemiologist I-Min Lee. To assist readers in understanding the public health significance of physical activity, Dishman, Heath, and Lee present a detailed review of research findings and what those findings suggest regarding the relationship between physical activity and a variety of health risks. The second edition of this groundbreaking text has been exhaustively updated to reflect the wealth of new research published in this fast-moving field of study. With more than 100 pages of additional content, the text also offers more detailed coverage of all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality, expanded coverage of pathophysiology and biological plausibility, new information on physical activity among various racial–ethnic populations, and the effects of physical activity on cognitive function, dementia, and HIV/AIDS. More than 250 tables and figures, twice the number found in the previous edition, highlight the latest epidemiological information in an easy-to-understand visual format. Physical Activity Epidemiology, Second Edition, assists readers in understanding how leisure-time physical activity can enhance people’s quantity and quality of life by summarizing the available knowledge, detailing the methods used to obtain it, considering its implications for public health, and outlining the important questions that remain. Readers will find comprehensive discussion of these topics: • Evidence that physical activity protects against the development of coronary heart disease and stroke and premature death from all causes • Population-based studies and clinical experiments providing evidence that physical activity and exercise play a role in the primary and secondary prevention of mild hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity • Contemporary epidemiologic evidence that physical activity reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis and protects against the development of breast and colon cancers, some inflammatory diseases, depression, and anxiety disorders • Considerations in the promotion of a safe, physically active lifestyle among all segments of the population Physical Activity Epidemiology, Second Edition, will engage and challenge students by examining the state of current research in all of its variation and even ambiguity. The text details the methodology and findings of classic and contemporary studies and then helps students begin to analyze the results. Special Strength of the Evidence sections found at the end of most chapters summarize the findings to determine the extent to which correlation and causation can be proven. Chapter objectives, chapter summaries, and sidebars in each chapter assist students in focusing on the key points of study, and an extensive glossary with detailed definitions provides a handy reference for review. Instructors will find a new image bank in this edition to enhance their class lecture materials. Physical Activity Epidemiology, Second Edition, offers students, sport and exercise scientists, health and fitness professionals, and public health administrators a comprehensive presentation of significant studies, how these studies contribute to understanding the relationship between activity and disease prevention, and how this information can be used in leading individuals, communities, and global society toward increased health and longevity.

Download or read book Whole body Electromyostimulation A Training Technology to Improve Health and Performance in Humans written by Wolfgang Kemmler and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lipoproteins in Health and Disease written by John Betteridge and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-04-02 with total page 1328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive work deals with the major health problem of high lipid levels in blood, a cause of serious heart and vascular disease. Formerly the province only of the chemical pathologist, cardiologists and general physicians are now offering treatment as new 'lipid-lowering' drugs become available. The area is also of considerable interest to public health physicians as changes in lifestyle (such as dietary and smoking habits) have significant effects on lipid levels. A prestigious team of contributors covers all aspects of the topic, from molecular biology to practical dietary management to help reduce lipid levels.

Download or read book Lipid Metabolism and Health written by Robert J. Moffatt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-12-15 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That a relation exists between lipids/lipoproteins and coronary artery disease is no longer an arguable point. However, the complexities associated with this relationship, and the number of factors that can impact and alter circumstances and clinical status, are many and diverse. Consequently, this relationship continues to receive a great deal of

Download or read book Lipids and Lipoproteins written by M. Fondu and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 1980 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Symposium proceedings of the Federation of Margarine Associations focused on lipids and lipoproteins. Structure and emergence of lipoproteins, and metabolic problems related to LDC and HDL are discussed. Alcohol's influence on lipoproteins and diabetes in clinical studies is reviewed along with biochemical studies, specifically corticosteriod biosynthesis and polyunsaturated fatty acids effects in heart muscle. Epidemiological papers, dietary studies, and fat processing technologies are examined. Extensive knowledge exists about lipoproteins and how apopolypeptides are attached to the phospholipids, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, and cholesterol as well as the amino acid sequence. Two areas for further research are suggested: a new apoprotein reported from studying the lymph, and the cellular functions and role of lipoproteins in triglyceride transport and specific organ activity. (kbc).