Download or read book The Effects of European Union Trade Policies on Agricultural Imports from Developing and Poor Countries written by Esmaeil Pishbahar and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Union (EU) is the biggest agricultural market. Most of EU's import sources are developing countries and least developed contries 'LDCs). The agricultural exports of LDCs have an important role in development of these countries. The international trade can act as an engine of growth and poverty reduction. Enhanced market access for the LDCs would provide them the means to harness trade for development and poverty reduction. Preferential trade agreements play a central role in forming trade opportunies for numerous developing countries. The EU supplies numerous trading agreements. Some of EU's preferential regimes grant free-duty market access for the LDCs (like EBA-Everything But Arms). Nevertheless, the Eu will allow duty-free and quota-free access to imports of rice originating from the LDCs from September 2009 within the framework of EBA. Hence, this research focuses on the relationship between EU's trading agreements and changes in the market access of beneficiaries. This research consists of four papers. First, the effects of the EU's trading agreements are studied with a gravity model and aggregated data. The results indicate that a large number of Eu's RTAs support the agricultural exports of developing countries to the Eu market. Nevertheless, one of the most important and unilateral RTAs (EBA) has the negative effect over agricultural exports to Eu. second, the changes of market access for a special product (here rice) are considered with an Armington model and disaggregated data. Our empirical results show that when the Armington model is estimated ignoring the tariff and the non-homothetic parameter, results may be biased and of uncertain validity. In addition, the simulation findings demonstrate that in spite of a large difference between import tariffs rates of Surname and other countries, its market share would not change greatly. It shows the weak capacity of LDCs (such as Surinam) to compete with developed countries (such as the US).

Download or read book Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Europe s Transition Economies written by Kym Anderson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-06-05 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast majority of the world's poorest households depend on farming for their livelihood. During the 1960s and 1970s, most developing countries imposed pro-urban and anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Although progress has been made over the past two decades to reduce those policy biases, many trade- and welfare-reducing price distortions remain between agriculture and other sectors as well as within the agricultural sector of both rich and poor countries. Comprehensive empirical studies of the disarray in world agricultural markets first appeared approximately 20 years ago. Since then the OECD has provided estimates each year of market distortions in high-income countries, but there has been no comparable estimates for the world's developing countries. This volume is the first in a series (other volumes cover Africa, Asia, and Latin America) that not only fill that void for recent years but extend the estimates in a consistent and comparable way back in time--and provide analytical narratives for scores of countries that shed light on the evolving nature and extent of policy interventions over the past half-century. 'Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Europe's Transition Economies' provides an overview of the evolution of distortions to agricultural incentives caused by price and trade policies in the economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia that are transitioning away from central planning. The book includes country and subregional studies of the ten transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe that joined the European Union in 2004 or 2007, of seven other large member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, and of Turkey. Together these countries comprise over 90 percent of the Europe and Central Asia region's population and GDP. Sectoral, trade, and exchange rate policies in the region have changed greatly since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, but price distortions remain. The new empirical indicators in these country studies provide a strong evidence-based foundation for evaluating policy options in the years ahead.

Download or read book Reforming Agricultural Trade for Developing Countries written by John Nash and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the ongoing Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization negotiations, developing countries have had much greater leverage, due at least in part to their large and growing share of world trade. But will the increased influence of developing countries translate into a final agreement that is truly more development-friendly? What would be key ingredients in such a final outcome of the negotiations, and what would the developing countries really get out of it. This two volume set seeks to answer these questions. This volume (Volume 1) is issues-oriented. It takes up some key questions in the negotiations, setting the stage with a historical overview of the Doha Development Agenda to help identify issues of most significance to developing countries, and then explores select issues in greater depth. Volume 2 addresses the question of how a development-friendly outcome to the talks would affect developing countries by quantifying the impact of multilateral trade reform. It presents several different approaches to modeling the effects of the outcome of negotiations, and then investigates why these (and other) modeling efforts produce such divergent results. Aimed at policymakers and stakeholders, this two-volume effort puts into the public domain important analytical work that will improve the chance for a pro-development outcomes of the Doha round negotiations.

Download or read book Implications for Developing Countries of Likely Reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union written by Alan Swinbank and published by Commonwealth Secretariat. This book was released on 1999 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the next three years negotiations will be taking place in the WTO (World Trade Organisation) on agriculture. This report will help participants and analysts to understand the EU's negotiating position.

Download or read book Trade Policy and Global Poverty written by William R. Cline and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 2004 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free trade can help 500 million people escape poverty and inject.

Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Poverty in the Middle East and North Africa written by Nicholas Minot and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2009 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural trade liberalization has been resisted by many developing-country policymakers, including those in the Middle East and North Africa, for fear it could hurt domestic farmers and exacerbate poverty. The authors of Trade Liberalization and Poverty in the Middle East and North Africa argue, however, that this concern about liberalization might be misplaced. Drawing on case studies from Egypt, Morocco, Syria, and Tunisia, the study uses household survey data and computable general equilibrium models to simulate the effects of various liberalization scenarios on different types of households in these countries, especially poor households. The results indicate that agricultural trade barriers are not an effective means of protecting the poor and that the benefits from many forms of agricultural trade liberalization to the region's consumers outweigh the costs to producers. If complemented with other domestic programs-including agricultural research and extension, information services, disease control, and social safety nets-the reforms have the potential to reduce poverty in these nations. The study findings are a valuable resource for policymakers and development specialists evaluating the role trade liberalization can play in economic development and poverty reduction.

Download or read book The European Community s Common Agricultural Policy written by Anthony Stanley Rojko and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agricultural Trade and Poverty written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. This book was released on 2003-01-23 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can agricultural trade reform serve the needs of the poor? What are the benefits of agricultural trade liberalisation, and what are the potential dangers? This publication includes the proceedings of the OECD global forum on agricultural trade reform, adjustment and poverty, held in Paris in May 2002. Agricultural trade reforms offer an important route to higher incomes for many of the world's poor, but may expose some who were formerly shielded from world markets. Developing countries must be able to reap the benefits of open markets, while retaining the flexibility to help those who are unable, or will take time, to adjust to a new environment. At the same time, OECD countries have a responsibility to consider the effects that their own policies have on the world's poor.

Download or read book Reforming Agricultural Trade for Developing Countries Quantifying the impact of multilateral trade reform written by Alex F. McCalla and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents several different approaches to modeling the effects of the outcome of the Doha negotiations, and investigates why these (and other) modeling efforts produce such divergent results. By comparing and contrasting these approaches, this work helps readers develop an understanding of the mechanics and implications of modeling techniques.

Download or read book Agricultural Trade Liberalization and the Least Developed Countries written by Niek Koning and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-07 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing countries as a group stand to gain very substantially from trade reform in agricultural commodities. Agricultural Trade Liberalization and the Least Developed Countries is the first book to address important questions relating to this subject. The authors are world renowned experts on international trade and development and they address a very important and timely issue.

Download or read book Agriculture Trade and the Environment written by John M. Antle and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirteen papers selected and revised from the 1996 conference hosted by the Department of Economics, U. of Crete, present views on the sustainability and policy aspects of free trade concerning European Union agriculture. Part I (chapters 1-3) treats theoretical and methodological issues. Part II (chapters 4-6) addresses these issues specifically in the context of EU agriculture. The experience of several EU countries is presented in Part III (chapters 7-11), while Part IV (chapters 12, 13) looks ahead to future developments and to the 1999 World Trade Organization conference. Tables and figures delineate models and variables. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Agricultural Export Subsidies and Developing Countries Interests written by Chris Milner and published by Commonwealth Secretarial. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new impetus has been given to faltering WTO trade discussions by the recent EU mandate supporting the liberalisation of agricultural trade policies and removal of export subsidies on agricultural products, within an environment in which all countries start reforming their trade policies.Until now, discussions have centred on agriculture in general, rather than at specific commodity level. This paper rises to the challenge laid down by the EU by identifying the specific commodities for which developing countries would gain benefit in any subsequent reforms.Agricultural Export Subsidies and Developing Countries? Interests outlines the nature of export subsidies. It discusses the effect of reform on developing countries, indicating the scale of any changes. The policy implications of removing agricultural support in the EU are given and the consequences for net food exporting and importing countries examined. Finally, the paper considers the impact of EU agricultural policy reform on other policies, such as the Protocols of the Lom? Convention.(previously announced as EU Farm Subsidies and Developing Countries)

Download or read book The European Agricultural Trade Policies and Poverty written by . Alan lan Winters and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper tries to estimate the effects of reforming European agricultural trade policy on poverty in Europe and in the developing world. After setting out a conceptual framework linking trade and poverty, it describes a detailed computable general equilibrium modelling exercise showing the effects on poverty of a possible agreement in the Doha Round of the World Trade Organization. It then conducts a global simulation on European agricultural liberalisation and by comparing it with the Doha simulations infers the poverty effects in the developing world. These are benign but not very large. This does not change the case for reform, however; the Common Agricultural Policy harms trade relations with developing countries and causes poverty in Europe.

Download or read book Impacts of EU Trade Agreements on the Agricultural Sector written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, we have analysed the EU’s trade agreements on the basis of trade agreements with different characteristics: The trade agreements of the EU with Mexico ("first generation" trade agreement), South Korea (new generation Deep and Comprehensive Trade Agreement DCFTA) and Switzerland (specific sectorial agreements). The purpose was to assess the economic, social and environmental impacts of the agreements and to identify the main factors that have fostered and impeded the development of EU agri-food trade. To this end, we have collected data on global bilateral trade before and after the trade agreements entered into force on a detailed product level. We have also collected data on the preferential access granted by the trade agreements. We use a triple-difference model that controls for a range of factors that influence bilateral trade between the trading partners, and the model thus estimates the isolated impact of the agreements. We supplement the quantitative analysis with five case studies (Danish pigmeat exports to South Korea, Polish sugar confectionary exports to South Korea, French wine exports to Mexico, EU citrus fruits imports from Mexico and German cheese exports to Switzerland) to get insights into the broader impacts of the agreements on actors of the agri-food supply chain. Overall, the analysis finds that the trade agreements with Mexico, South Korea and Switzerland have increased EU agri-food exports by more than 1 bn. EUR and raised value added in the agri-food sector by 600 mn. EUR. The increased exports have supported almost 20,000 jobs in the agri-food sector, of which 13,700 jobs are in primary agriculture. There have also been benefits to other actors in the agri-food supply chain. Value added in other sectors has increased by more than 400 mn. EUR and an additional 7,700 jobs in the EU have been supported by the agreements. Most of these jobs are in wholesale and retail trade and in other business activities related to agri-food production and export. The trade agreements have also increased EU imports and given EU consumers access to agri-food products at lower prices. When production in the EU increases, CO2 emissions in the EU also increase. For a given level of consumption, this production replaces production in the trading partner or a third country, and the total environmental impact will depend on the environmental efficiency in the EU relative to this country as well as the environmental costs of transportation. The analysis shows that the trade agreements have ensured that EU exporters compete on more equal terms against exporters from third countries. An important lesson from this is that, looking ahead, continuously benchmarking of third countries’ trade negotiations with main EU trading partners and an efficient trade negotiation process with limited delays can lower the risk of foregone trade with other trading partners. Rising protectionism both in the EU and in main trading partners may limit trade in the future and hinder negotiations of new trade agreements. It is therefore important to continuously evaluate the impacts of existing trade agreements and use the results to engage in public debate about the pros and cons of trade liberalisation. It is also important to keep in mind that impacts differ across member states and sectors, and aggregate EU impacts may hide large disparities across individual actors in the EU agri-food supply chain.

Download or read book The Common Agricultural Policy and the EEC s Trade Relations in the Agricultural Sector written by Commission of the European Communities and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of EU s Agricultural Trade Policy on Smallholders in Africa written by Kerstin Bertow and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book EU Common Agricultural Policy written by Lukas Kornher and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impacts of European agricultural and trade policies on agricultural development and food security in Africa are analyzed in this study. The research is prompted by the pending further development of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) after 2020. The proposal for the new CAP is based on higher ambitions with regard to environmental protection and climate change through mandatory ecological programs and an enhanced linkage of direct payments to the greening rules. The methodological approach comprises: (i) an examination and critical review of existing studies; (ii) an analysis and assessment of agricultural trade flows between the EU and Africa as a whole and in the context of case studies on meat and milk; (iii) a systematic consultation of leading experts in European and African agricultural and trade policy on trends and impacts of the CAP; and (iv) model simulations of the effects of possible reform projects on production in and trade flows with Africa. The study finds that direct payments to EU farmers continue to account for up to 50% of total farm income in the EU, but EU spending on agricultural development in Africa is rather small in comparison. The current EU agricultural subsidy policy hampers the development of African agriculture much less than it did before export subsidies and coupled subsidy payments were largely abolished. However, these earlier effects cannot be corrected quickly because agricultural productivity depends on longstanding favorable framework conditions and long-term investments in innovation. According to the expert consultation carried out for this study, a stronger environmental and climate orientation of the CAP is considered likely and would have a dampening effect on European agricultural exports to Africa. The model simulation estimates that European food exports to Africa would decrease under the expected EU policy changes. However, this reduction in European exports would be mainly taken over by other exporters. Investments in African agricultural development should be expanded by the EU. Although African raw agricultural material exports to the EU are largely free of duties, the access of processed products to the EU market is still limited due to complicated rules of origin and social and hygiene standards for goods imported into the EU. These standards are necessary but must be more transparent. The EU should provide more support to improve standards in Africa; otherwise, the export potential of African countries cannot be fully exploited.