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Book The Effects Of Dilute Organic Acids On Calcite Dissolution At 22 Degrees And 10 5 PA Total Pressure

Download or read book The Effects Of Dilute Organic Acids On Calcite Dissolution At 22 Degrees And 10 5 PA Total Pressure written by Teresa A. DeMaio and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of dilute organic acids on calcite dissolution is important given the abundance of calcite and its importance in controlling surface and ground water geochemistry. The dissolution of calcite in the presence of three organic ligands, citrate, oxalate, and phthalate, has been investigated at 22° C and 10^5 Pa total pressure in a stirred, flow-through reactor. The input fluids were low salinity (I ranged from 0.001 to 0.02), Na-Ca-HCO3-CI solutions having an initial pH of 7.8. The dissolution rate of calcite in a ligand-free solution is essentially linear with respect to log undersaturation. In a purely inorganic solution, the dissolution rate equals 5.95 x 10·13 mol cm^-2 sec^-1 at log (IAP/K) of -1.25 and a surface area of 1890 cm^2/g. Concentrations of the ligands range from 10 to 5000 μm/1. Citrate at a concentration of 50 μm/1 appears to have no effect on calcite dissolution rates. Oxalate, at concentrations of 50 and 100 μm/l, decreases the rate of calcite dissolution. The dissolution rate of calcite in a solution containing 50 μM oxalate at log (IAP/K) -1.25 is approximately 2.60 x 10^-13 mol cm^-2 sec^-1. Phthalate decreases calcite dissolution at low concentrations, i.e., up to 50 μm/l. In some cases, the calcite dissolution rates were decreased to less than 10% of the rates found in the purely inorganic solution. For example, at a concentration of 50 μM phthalate, the calcite dissolution rate was approximately 0.49 x 10^-13 mol cm^-2 sec^-1. The decrease in calcite dissolution at low concentrations is believed due to the ligand complexing with surface dissolution sites. Higher concentrations of phthalate, 100 to 5000 μm/1, actually increase the rate of dissolution relative to changes due to simple IAP/K parameters. At a concentration of 100 μm/l phthalate, the calcite dissolution rate is 3.92 mol cm^-2 sec^-1 x 10^-13 at log (IAP/K) of -1.25. This increase in calcite dissolution is thought to be caused by the destabilization of surface sites. Calcite surfaces were examined by SEM at magnifications up to 4000x. Different organic ligands produce different etch and dissolution features.

Book Public Roads of Tennessee

Download or read book Public Roads of Tennessee written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Effect of Organic Acids on Mineral Dissolution Rate and Stoichiometry

Download or read book The Effect of Organic Acids on Mineral Dissolution Rate and Stoichiometry written by Susan Ann Welch and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Solution Effects on Calcite Dissolution

Download or read book Solution Effects on Calcite Dissolution written by (N. G.) Penny Colton and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Calcite Dissolution Kinetics and Solubility in Na Ca Mg Cl Brines of Geologically Relevant Composition at 0 1 to 1 Bar PCO2 and 25 to 80 C

Download or read book Calcite Dissolution Kinetics and Solubility in Na Ca Mg Cl Brines of Geologically Relevant Composition at 0 1 to 1 Bar PCO2 and 25 to 80 C written by Dwight Kuehl Gledhill and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sedimentary basins can contain close to 20% by volume pore fluids that are commonly classified as brines. These fluids can become undersaturated with respect to calcite as a result of processes such as migration, dispersive mixing, or anthropogenic injection of CO2. This study measured calcite solubility and dissolution rates in geologically relevant Na-Ca-Mg-Cl synthetic brines (35 to 200 g L−1 TDS). In brines 50 g L−1 TDS, the EQPITZER calculated calcium carbonate ion activity product (IAP) at steady-state was in reasonable agreement ("10%) with the thermodynamic solubility constant for calcite (K[subscript]c). However, the IAP systematically exceeded K[subscript]c in more concentrated brines. The deviation was strongly correlated with calcium concentration and also was observed in magnesium-free solutions. This is interpreted as an uncertainty in the carbonate ion activity coefficient, and minor adjustment in stoichiometric association constants (K*[subscript]M2+CO0[over]3) for the CaCO0[over]3 or MgCo0[over]3 ion pairs would correct for the error. The dissolution rate dependency on brine composition, pCO2 (0.1 to 1 bar), and temperature (25.0 to 82.5 °C) was modeled using the empirical rate equation R = k(1-[omega]0 [superscript]n where R is the rate, k and n are empirical fitting terms, and [omega] the degree of disequilibrium with respect to calcite. When [omega] was defined relative to an apparent kinetic solubility, n could be assumed first-order over the range of [omega] investigated ([omega] = 0.2 to 1.0). Rates increased with increasing pCO2 as did the sensitivity to brine concentration. At 0.1 bar, rates were nearly independent of concentration (k = 13.0 "2.0 x 10−3 moles m−1 hr−1). However, at higher CO2 partial pressures rates became composition dependent and the rate constant, k, was shown to be a function of temperature, pCO2, ionic strength, and calcium and magnesium activity. The rate constant (k) can be estimated from a multiple regression (MR) model of the form [unable to replicate formula]. A relatively high activation energy (E[subscript]a = 20 kJ mol−1) was measured, along with a stirring rate independence suggesting the dissolution is dominated by surface controlled processes at saturation states [omega] 0.2 in these calcium-rich brines. These findings offer important implications to reaction-transport models in carbonate-bearing saline reservoirs.

Book A Rotating Disk Study of the Mechanisms of Calcite Dissolution in the Presence of Environmentally Benign Polyaspartic Acid

Download or read book A Rotating Disk Study of the Mechanisms of Calcite Dissolution in the Presence of Environmentally Benign Polyaspartic Acid written by Kathie Lee Burns and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: polyelectrolytes, environmentally friendly, scale inhibition, scale dissolution, calcium carbonate dissolution, dissolution kinetics.

Book Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3

Download or read book Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3 written by D. L. Sparks and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 1424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough presentation of analytical methods for characterizing soil chemical properties and processes, Methods, Part 3 includes chapters on Fourier transform infrared, Raman, electron spin resonance, x-ray photoelectron, and x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies, and more.

Book CO2 in Seawater Equilibrium Kinetics Isotopes

Download or read book CO2 in Seawater Equilibrium Kinetics Isotopes written by R.E. Zeebe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-10-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas after water vapor in the atmosphere of the earth. More than 98% of the carbon of the atmosphere-ocean system is stored in the oceans as dissolved inorganic carbon. The key for understanding critical processes of the marine carbon cycle is a sound knowledge of the seawater carbonate chemistry, including equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties as well as stable isotope fractionation.Presenting the first coherent text describing equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties and stable isotope fractionation among the elements of the carbonate system. This volume presents an overview and a synthesis of these subjects which should be useful for graduate students and researchers in various fields such as biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, paleoceanography, marine biology, marine chemistry, marine geology, and others.The volume includes an introduction to the equilibrium properties of the carbonate system in which basic concepts such as equilibrium constants, alkalinity, pH scales, and buffering are discussed. It also deals with the nonequilibrium properties of the seawater carbonate chemistry. Whereas principle of chemical kinetics are recapitulated, reaction rates and relaxation times of the carbonate system are considered in details. The book also provides a general introduction to stable isotope fractionation and describes the partitioning of carbon, oxygen, and boron isotopes between the species of the carbonate system. The appendix contains formulas for the equilibrium constants of the carbonate system, mathematical expressions to calculate carbonate system parameters, answers to exercises and more.

Book Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater

Download or read book Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater written by American Public Health Association and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water 2nd Ed

Download or read book Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water 2nd Ed written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Aquatic Chemical Kinetics

Download or read book Aquatic Chemical Kinetics written by Werner Stumm and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1990-08-09 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquatic Chemistry An Introduction Emphasizing Chemical Equilibria in Natural Waters Second Edition Edited by Werner Stumm and James J. Morgan This second edition of the renowned classic unites concepts, applications, and techniques with the growing amounts of data in the field. Expanded treatment is offered on steady-state and dynamic models employing mass-balance approaches and kinetic information. New chapters address such topics as: environmental aspects of aquatic chemistry; new material on organic compounds in natural water systems; the use of stable and radioactive isotopes in chemical and physical processes; the latest advances in marine chemistry; solid-solution interface; kinetic considerations of equilibria; metal-ligand interactions; and an expanded compilation of thermodynamic data for important reactions in natural water systems. 1981 (0 471-04831-3) Cloth 780 pp. (0 471-09173-1) Paper Chemical Processes in Lakes Edited by Werner Stumm This is a multidisciplinary analysis of recent research on the physical, chemical, and biological processes in aquatic systems. Coverage includes: distribution of elements and compounds in water and sediments; sedimentation and sediment accumulation of nutrients and pollutants; eurtophication and acidification; atmospheric deposition; redox-related geochemistry and sediment-water exchange of nutrients and metals; sediment dating and paleolimnology; and steady-state and dynamic models. Most chapters focus on the role of biological processes and the coupling of elemental cycles by organisms. 1985 (0 471-88261-5) 435 pp. Principles of Aquatic Chemistry Francois M. M. Morel Here is a quantitative treatment of the chemical principles that govern the composition of natural waters. Features include an in-depth examination of the use of conservation principles in chemical systems, a review of thermodynamic and kinetic principles applicable to aquatic systems, and a novel presentation of a systematic methodology for equilibrium calculations. Detailed coverage is provided on the topic of aquatic chemistry, following the traditional divisions of acid-base, precipitation-dissolution, coordination, redox and surface reactions. 1983 (0 471-08683-5) 446 pp.