Download or read book The Effects of Chronic Nitrogen Deposition on the Ectomycorrhizal Community Structure and Function of a Forest Ecosystem with a Mediterranean Climate written by Benjamin A. Waitman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, I examine how environment-altering anthropogenic disturbances affect the relationship between plants and beneficial soil microbes. Many disturbances change key aspects of the soil environment, directly affecting both plants and soil microbes, and potentially altering plant-microbe interactions. I use a combination of field and greenhouse experiments to compare plant-soil microbe interactions across different levels of environmental disturbance. In Chapter I and II, I used a well-known pollution gradient across montane forests in Southern California to examine how nitrogen (N) deposition alters the structure and function of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forests with a Mediterranean climate. Many studies have identified strong effects of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition on the community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in boreal and temperate forest soils. These ecosystems are typically N limited, and it is not clear whether N deposition has similar effects on ectomycorrhizal communities in less productive ecosystems where N may be colimiting to plant productivity along with other resources. I tested the effects of N deposition on ectomycorrhizal communities within forests receiving a range of N deposition in the San Bernardino National Forest of Southern California, where tree growth during the growing season is typically limited by water availability. To determine the effects of N deposition on ectomycorrhizal communities, I sampled both the ectomycorrhizae colonizing the root tips of ponderosa pine and present as fungal hyphae, collectively referred to as mycelium. Ectomycorrhizal fungi present in these samples were identified using PCR based molecular methods. In addition, I tested whether N deposition alters functional traits of ectomycorrhizal communities by assaying the production of a suite of extracellular enzymes that target a range of organic soil nutrients. For enzyme assays, I used ectomycorrhizal colonized root tips collected from forest stands across the N deposition gradient during both dry and wet seasons. Ectomycorrhizal community composition was correlated with N deposition for both colonized root tip and mycelium samples. In addition, mycelium abundance was negatively correlated with soil nitrate concentration. However, the function of ectomycorrhizal communities was not strongly affected by N deposition in this study, and N deposition was much less important to EMF enzyme production than seasonal effects. I found that enzyme production was consistent in most seasons across the N deposition gradient for enzymes that target organic nitrogen sources, organic phosphorus, and recalcitrant carbon sources. Only the production of glycoside hydrolyzing enzymes were positively correlated with N deposition, and only during the wettest sampling period in December. These results confirm that N deposition is changing ectomycorrhizal communities and abundance, even in dry forests where conditions may reduce the relative importance of nitrogen nutrition for forest trees. However, the change in community composition does not appear to result in a change in the capacity of EMF communities to produce extracellular enzymes. In Chapter III, I evaluate the effects of multiple mechanisms of plant soil feedbacks in exotic and native grasses using a greenhouse study in which soil microbial communities, soil organic matter distribution, and nitrification rates were manipulated. Both exotic and native grasses exhibited evidence of negative plant soil feedback, but the results were much stronger in native grasses. In addition, different mechanisms of plant soil feedback were important for exotic and native grasses. Mixing soil profiles, a treatment that redistributed soil resources throughout the soil column, caused exotic grasses to grow significantly more deep roots. As exotic grasses tend to concentrate roots and soil resources in upper soil layers, this result may indicate potential negative feedback under field conditions. Native grass biomass responded positively to sterilization and reduced nitrification. That different feedback mechanisms were important in explaining the plant soil feedback between co-occurring species highlights the value of testing multiple feedback mechanisms and underscores the diversity of changes that exotic species may have on the soil environment.
Download or read book Pines and Their Mixed Forest Ecosystems in the Mediterranean Basin written by Gidi Ne'eman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-12 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost 20 years after the first MEDPINE book "Ecology, biogeography and management of Pinus halepensis and P. brutia forest ecosystems in the Mediterranean basin "(Ne'eman and Trabaud, 2000) was published, this new book presents up-to-date and state of the art information, covering a wide range of topics concerning Mediterranean pine trees growing in native and planted forests, their ecosystems and management. This will be an essential source of scientific information for learning, exploring planning and managing mediterranean pine and mixed forests. We focus on: genetics, adaptation, distribution and evolution; ecophysiology and drought resistance; pine and mixed forest ecosystems; forest dynamics biodiversity and biotic interactions; fire ecology; ecosystem services and policy; afforestation and management; all under the effect of global climate change. While forests are studied mainly in temperate and tropical zones, in the light of current climate change, focusing on Mediterranean forests growing in semi-humid to semi-arid zones is more important than ever. This book will include mostly review chapters (and two outstanding case studies) contributed by leading scientists, foresters and managers, and will serve as a scientific textbook for students of biology, agriculture and forestry, researchers of ecology forestry and related fields, forest managers, policy and decision makers.
Download or read book The effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on patterns structures and functions of terrestrial ecosystems written by Guoqi Wen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Global Forests written by Enzai Du and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-22 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in Global Forests: Spatial Variation, Impacts, and Management Implications provides the most comprehensive knowledge on spatial variation and ecological impacts of reactive nitrogen deposition in global forests, as well as forest management options to mitigate the negative impacts. Written and edited by international experts in the field, this book synthesizes recent research developments and insights in monitoring and modeling nitrogen deposition in global forests. The book also assesses ecological impacts of enhanced nitrogen deposition on forest structure and function and responses of forest ecosystems to decreasing nitrogen deposition in regions such as the European Union and North America. Finally, the book reviews indicators and thresholds for nitrogen saturation in global forests and analyzes remediation options to reduce impacts of excess nitrogen deposition. This is an important resource for researchers in forestry and biodiversity conservation, as well as graduate students, policymakers and others who want to understand environmental issues of reactive nitrogen deposition in global forests. - Offers a systematic view of the ecological impacts of enhanced nitrogen deposition - Provides the most comprehensive knowledge on spatial variation and the ecological impacts of reactive nitrogen deposition in global forests - Presents expert research and findings on forest management options to remediate negative impacts
Download or read book Above and Belowground Views of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Spruce Forests written by Martina Peter and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Atmospheric Nitrogen Pollution on Belowground Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure and Composition in the San Bernardino Mountains written by Ayesha Tasneem Sirajuddin and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Long term Nitrogen Fertilization on the Ectomycorrhizal Communities of a Temperate Deciduous Ecosystem written by Peter Glen Avis and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mycorrhizal Symbiosis written by Sally E. Smith and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-26 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The roots of most plants are colonized by symbiotic fungi to form mycorrhiza, which play a critical role in the capture of nutrients from the soil and therefore in plant nutrition. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis is recognized as the definitive work in this area. Since the last edition was published there have been major advances in the field, particularly in the area of molecular biology, and the new edition has been fully revised and updated to incorporate these exciting new developments. - Over 50% new material - Includes expanded color plate section - Covers all aspects of mycorrhiza - Presents new taxonomy - Discusses the impact of proteomics and genomics on research in this area
Download or read book Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms written by Alessandra Zambonelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms (EEMMs) comprise more than 1000 species and are an important food and forest resource. In this volume of Soil Biology, internationally recognized scientists offer their most recent research findings on these beguiling fungi. Topics covered include: complex ecological interactions between plants, EEMMs, and soil organisms; comparative genomics, high-throughput sequencing and modern research tools; genetic selection of fungal strains and techniques for inoculating plants; economic and social considerations surrounding wild collected EEMMs; and practical information concerning soil management and EEMM cultivation. The book will be a useful guide for anyone interested in soil ecology, forestry, or the genetics and cultivation of EEMMs, and provides an extensive knowledge base and inspirations for future studies on these ecologically and economically important fungi.
Download or read book Climate Change Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by Hojka Kraigher and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycorrhizal fungi have evolved with their plant partners and enabled them with better growth in stressed and disturbed environments by better nutrient acquisition and protection against pathogens. Any stress or disturbance belowground is reflected first in changes in mycorrhizal community structure. The complex mycorrhizal networks and interactions among mycorrhizosphere organisms regulate the carbon dynamics and stability of forest ecosystems by ‘beneficial interactions’ or ‘collaboration’ rather than by competition—especially under stress and disturbance. This chapter provides an overview of mycorrhizal forms, structure and functions, their vulnerability and their central role in complex mycorrhizosphere interactions. Their disruption may lead to the loss of essential functions of forest ecosystems. The conservation of belowground interactions should be among priority areas of future research and monitoring programmes and strategies.
Download or read book Ectomycorrhizal Community Structure and Host Tree Performance in Human altered Forest Ecosystems written by James William Baxter and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Litter Decomposition a Guide to Carbon and Nutrient Turnover written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Litter Decomposition describes one of the most important processes in the biosphere - the decay of organic matter. It focuses on the decomposition process of foliar litter in the terrestrial systems of boreal and temperate forests due to the greater amount of data from those biomes. The availability of several long-term studies from these forest types allows a more in-depth approach to the later stages of decomposition and humus formation. Differences between the decay of woody matter and foliar litter is discussed in detail and a different pattern for decomposition is introduced. While teachers and students in more general subjects will find the most basic information on decomposition processes in this book, scientists and graduate students working on decomposition processes will be entirely satisfied with the more detailed information and the overview of the latest publications on the topic as well as the methodological chapter where practical information on methods useful in decomposition studies can be found. Abundant data sets will serve as an excellent aid in teaching process and will be also of interest to researchers specializing in this field as no thorough database exists at the moment. Provides over 60 tables and 90 figures Offers a conceptual 3-step model describing the different steps of the decomposition process, demonstrating changes in the organic-chemical structure and nutrient contents Includes a synthesis of the current state of knowledge on foliar litter decomposition in natural systems Integrates more traditional knowledge on organic matter decomposition with current problems of environmental pollution, global change, etc. Details contemporary knowledge on organic matter decomposition
Download or read book Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data using CANOCO 5 written by Petr Šmilauer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-17 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible introduction to the theory and practice of multivariate analysis for graduates, researchers and professionals dealing with ecological problems.
Download or read book Effects of Nitrogen addition and Irrigation on the Structure and Function of Ectomycorrhizal Communities written by Sylvia Christa Hutter and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Climate Change and Nitrogen Deposition on the Sierran Mixed conifer Understory Plant Community written by Matthew David Hurteau and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Response to Stress written by John D. Tenhunen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to international cooperation, understanding and peace. It is the end result of several years of cooperative work between scientists of three countries: the United States, Germany, and Portugal. The work presented, however, draws from a much broader base, hopefully achieving the objective of NATO Advanced Research Workshops, which have been established to allow and stimulate the exchange of new ideas and the synthesis of information by scientists of NATO countries. The tasks of the workshop were several; to review established methodologies that have provided insight into ecosystem function and adaptations of plants in mediterranean climate zones; to examine new methodologies that have recently been applied in ecological studies and have provided new types of information; to summarize recent studies in mediterranean regions of plant water relations, photosynthesis and production, mineral nutrition, plant growth and development, and response to fire; to stimulate in particular an exchange of information among scientists of European Mediterranean countries; and to discuss means by which all of these objectives might be even more effectively achieved in the future through cooperative international research efforts. This variety of themes is clearly evident in the layout of the book. Held in Sesimbra, Portugal in October of 1985, the workshop took place in a ..
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
