Download or read book The Effects of Alcohol Use on Condom Use Among United States Adolescents written by Claire Elizabeth Dye and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reducing Underage Drinking written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-03-26 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol use by young people is extremely dangerous - both to themselves and society at large. Underage alcohol use is associated with traffic fatalities, violence, unsafe sex, suicide, educational failure, and other problem behaviors that diminish the prospects of future success, as well as health risks â€" and the earlier teens start drinking, the greater the danger. Despite these serious concerns, the media continues to make drinking look attractive to youth, and it remains possible and even easy for teenagers to get access to alcohol. Why is this dangerous behavior so pervasive? What can be done to prevent it? What will work and who is responsible for making sure it happens? Reducing Underage Drinking addresses these questions and proposes a new way to combat underage alcohol use. It explores the ways in which may different individuals and groups contribute to the problem and how they can be enlisted to prevent it. Reducing Underage Drinking will serve as both a game plan and a call to arms for anyone with an investment in youth health and safety.

Download or read book Alcohol Consumption and Risky Sexual Behavior Amongst Adolescents and Young Adults written by Patrick Kimuyu and published by . This book was released on 2018-02-26 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In retrospect, substance use and sexual activity are quite common amongst adolescents and young adults. As such, it is emerging that sexual health amongst adolescents and young adults is seemingly becoming a significance public health challenge. Owing to the high rates of risky sexual behavior and alcohol use amongst adolescents and young adults, extensive scientific inquiry has focused on investigating the consequences of these issues. Of concern has been the correlation between the co-occurrence of alcohol use and risky sexual behavior with the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. It is also worth noting that alcohol use has a negative influence on protection against STDs because it impairs the use of protective barriers. Given that adolescents and young adults exhibit a high tendency of sexual risk taking, alcohol use exacerbates the issue of risky sexual behaviors in these groups. Morrison et al. claim that teenagers in the US "do not consistently protect themselves from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or unintended pregnancy." This explains the magnitude of the problem. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive critical analysis on the correlation between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviors amongst the young adults and adolescents. It will also discuss the consequences associated with alcohol use and risky sexual behavior amongst these groups.

Download or read book Young Teens written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sex Drugs Smokes and Booze What s Driving Teen Trends written by Jude Ball and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s adolescents are far less likely to smoke, drink, use drugs or be sexually active than their 1990s counterparts. My doctoral project set out to describe and explain trends in adolescent risk behaviours in the early 21st century, considering not only New Zealand but also other high-income countries that have seen dramatic declines in adolescent risk behaviours over the past 15-20 years. To date, this megatrend in adolescent behaviour has not been widely recognised within public health, much less explained. My research questions were: 1. What are the key trends in adolescent sexual behaviour and substance use (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis) in New Zealand, Australia, England and USA, 1990-2017? What do the patterns suggest about the possible drivers of risk behaviour decline? 2. What does analysis of repeat cross-sectional data from New Zealand reveal about the drivers of declining risk behaviour in secondary school students in this country? 3. What are the possible explanations for the international decline in adolescent risk behaviours? How plausible are these explanations, based on existing theory and evidence and the findings of my own empirical analyses? 4. Do the observed declines represent separate trends with separate drivers; a single trend with common underlying driver(s); or knock on effects with declines in one risk behaviour leading to declines in others? Key trends I collated data from New Zealand, Australia, England and the USA on trends in smoking, drinking, cannabis use, and sexual behaviour among adolescents aged less than 16. I found strong declines in all of these behaviours over the past 15 to 20 years. However, there were no corresponding improvements in adolescent fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, condom use or mental health. In fact, there were significant declines in many of these indicators. These trends were common to most (but not all) high income countries, and were distinct from adult trends. The patterns observed provide clues as to possible drivers. For example they suggest adolescents are not becoming healthier or more health-conscious in general. Countries with very different regulatory environments have similar trends, suggesting that public health interventions are probably not the primary driver. Similarities across countries and behaviours are suggestive of broad socio-cultural changes impacting on many behaviours simultaneously. However, other clues (e.g. a lag of several years between smoking decline and declines in alcohol indicators in many countries) point to the importance of behaviour-specific factors. Changing social context I investigated the changing social context, identifying some of the broad social changes that have influenced the experience of adolescence over the past 30 years. These include: - greater social concern about health and safety - greater awareness of the harms of substance use - more involved and protective parenting - increasing pressure on adolescents to prepare for a competitive job market - increasing exclusion of young people from public space - increasing time spent engaged in digital media use - declining exposure to pro-smoking influences. My literature review revealed that many hypotheses for declines in adolescent risk behaviours had been discussed in the literature but few had been empirically tested using rigorous methods. Drivers of risk behaviour decline in New Zealand Having identified potential contributory factors, I tested those for which repeat cross-sectional data was available in nationally representative New Zealand surveys: the annual ASH Year 10 Snapshot (2003-2015) and the Youth 2000 series (2001, 2007, 2012). Using regression analyses, I investigated the extent to which each hypothesised contributor accounted for trends in adolescent smoking, cannabis use, binge drinking and sexual activity in New Zealand secondary students aged less than 16 years. My findings provide evidence against several hypotheses. Factors that did not make a statistically significant contribution to adolescent trends in New Zealand included: - parental smoking, drinking and cannabis use in the home - sibling smoking - exposure to others’ smoking in the home - parental monitoring - family connectedness - school connectedness - time hanging out with peers - engagement in paid work. The main factors that influenced trends were i) large declines in the proportion of adolescents who thought smoking and drinking were acceptable in people their own age, and ii) impacts of risk behaviour trends on one another. Trends in adolescent smoking and binge drinking appear to be primarily driven by tobacco-specific and alcohol-specific factors respectively, in particular attitude changes. In contrast, declines in cannabis use and sexual activity were largely explained by declines in smoking and binge drinking. Common underlying drivers in home, school, and leisure contexts only made a very minor contribution in combination. However, the pattern of findings in the latter half of the study period (2007-2012) is consistent with a decline in going out at night with friends leading to fewer opportunities for all four risk behaviours. I used survival analysis to investigate whether age of initiation (i.e. the age that young people try smoking, drinking, using cannabis and having sexual intercourse for the first time) changed over the study period among secondary school students. I found that, consistent with US and Australian studies, age of initiation for all four outcomes increased between 2007 and 2012 in New Zealand. These findings indicate that increasing age of initiation (though not a causal explanation) helps to explain the observed risk behaviour trends in secondary students. Explanations for the international decline in risk behaviour While a full explanation for international risk behaviour trends remains elusive, some key drivers are beginning to emerge from the international evidence and my own findings. The empirically-established contributors identified thus far are mainly tobacco-specific and alcohol-specific factors such as parental rules and expectations, decreasing ease of access, and decreasing adolescent approval of smoking and drinking. Knock on effects from one risk behaviour to another also appear to be important, with evidence both from my own research and international studies indicating that declining smoking and drinking significantly explain declining cannabis use in this age group. A common driver underlying declines in many risk behaviours is a decline in unsupervised time and space. In particular, adolescents are going out with their friends in the evenings less frequently, thereby reducing opportunities for risk behaviours. It seems likely that broad social changes have created a milieu in which these more proximal factors have emerged. International evidence does not support the hypothesis that digital media use has displaced risk behaviour in terms of time use. However, the possibility that the digital revolution has contributed to a shift in the social meaning and function of substance use and sex (e.g. as rites of passage) cannot be excluded. Separate trends, single trend, or knock on effects? Behaviour-specific factors, common drivers, and knock on effects all appear to have played a role in the decline of adolescent risk behaviours. It is likely that broad cross-national influences (e.g. the digital revolution, labour market changes) are interacting with behaviour-specific factors (e.g. less permissive parental attitudes to youth alcohol use) and the existing culture in each country to produce the pattern of trends that has been observed. Conclusion The findings suggest that the picture is complex, with multiple drivers and bi-directional relationships operating in a dynamic system. The finding that risk behaviour trends impact strongly on one another underlines the importance of investigating more than one risk behaviour at a time, and exploring the relationships between them. My thesis highlights both the importance for public health of tackling complex questions about how and why behaviour changes at the population level, and also the limitations of our current tools for dealing with complexity. Overcoming these limitations may require new interdisciplinary collaborations, new methods, and new ways of thinking, but the rewards are potentially transformational.

Download or read book Adolescents and AIDS written by Ralph J. DiClemente and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1992-07-06 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There hasn't been a resource to inform readers about the HIV risk confronting our adolescent population--until now! In Adolescents and AIDS, leading researchers in health, medicine, sociology, and psychology describe the risks to this vulnerable population. Divided into three parts (epidemiology, prevention/risk reduction, and policy), this comprehensive book addresses not only adolescents in general, but includes specific chapters on high-risk populations such as minority, incarcerated and homeless youth. The authors explore the data and theoretical underpinnings necessary for designing and implementing effective risk-reduction and prevention programs by approaching the AIDS epidemic as a social and developmental crisis that adolescents are ill-prepared to address. While proposing appropriate theoretical models for behavior change, the book also evaluates the effectiveness of various intervention strategies ranging from school-based programs to mass-media approaches and offers public policy recommendations for intervening for this population. Health professionals, researchers, policy analysts, clinicians, counselors, and students will find this timely text a valuable resource.

Download or read book Alcohol Immunomodulation and AIDS written by Daniela Seminara and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 1990-01-02 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, epidemiologists, behavioral scientists, and biomedical researchers explore relationships between alcohol consumption, HIV infection, and AIDS. They present the results of epidemiological and behavioral studies of homosexual and heterosexual populations, including adolescents and specific racial and ethnic subgroups. Included are reports from ongoing biomedical studies of the direct effect of alcohol on cellular and humoral immune response and the interaction between medical complications of alcoholism and HIV infection.

Download or read book Alcohol Use and Sexual Risk Behaviour written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2005-07 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The link between alcohol use and sexual behaviour has serious implications for the health of populations due to the advent of HIV infection. WHO coordinated a multi-country study to identify factors related to risky sexual behaviour among alcohol users in diverse cultural settings. The countries involved included: Belarus, India, Mexico, Kenya, Romania, the Russian Federation, South Africa and Zambia."--Back cover.

Download or read book The Science of Adolescent Risk Taking written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a time when youth make decisions, both good and bad, that have consequences for the rest of their lives. Some of these decisions put them at risk of lifelong health problems, injury, or death. The Institute of Medicine held three public workshops between 2008 and 2009 to provide a venue for researchers, health care providers, and community leaders to discuss strategies to improve adolescent health.

Download or read book Alcohol Abuse and Sexual Behaviors Among Latino Adolescent Males written by Jonathan Macias and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine alcohol abuse and sexual behaviors among Latino adolescent males. The study utilized secondary data from the National Institute of Health, Youth Behavioral Risk Survey of 2007. Findings suggest that among Latino adolescent males there is a statistically significant relationship between alcohol abuse and risky sexual behaviors including onset of first sexual experience and condom use at the last sexual experience. In addition, results indicated that alcohol abuse and multiple sexual partners was approaching statistical significance. Implications of the study on social work practice, policy and future research are discussed in latter chapters.

Download or read book Investing in the Health and Well Being of Young Adults written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-01-27 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young adulthood - ages approximately 18 to 26 - is a critical period of development with long-lasting implications for a person's economic security, health and well-being. Young adults are key contributors to the nation's workforce and military services and, since many are parents, to the healthy development of the next generation. Although 'millennials' have received attention in the popular media in recent years, young adults are too rarely treated as a distinct population in policy, programs, and research. Instead, they are often grouped with adolescents or, more often, with all adults. Currently, the nation is experiencing economic restructuring, widening inequality, a rapidly rising ratio of older adults, and an increasingly diverse population. The possible transformative effects of these features make focus on young adults especially important. A systematic approach to understanding and responding to the unique circumstances and needs of today's young adults can help to pave the way to a more productive and equitable tomorrow for young adults in particular and our society at large. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults describes what is meant by the term young adulthood, who young adults are, what they are doing, and what they need. This study recommends actions that nonprofit programs and federal, state, and local agencies can take to help young adults make a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. According to this report, young adults should be considered as a separate group from adolescents and older adults. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults makes the case that increased efforts to improve high school and college graduate rates and education and workforce development systems that are more closely tied to high-demand economic sectors will help this age group achieve greater opportunity and success. The report also discusses the health status of young adults and makes recommendations to develop evidence-based practices for young adults for medical and behavioral health, including preventions. What happens during the young adult years has profound implications for the rest of the life course, and the stability and progress of society at large depends on how any cohort of young adults fares as a whole. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults will provide a roadmap to improving outcomes for this age group as they transition from adolescence to adulthood.

Download or read book The Impact of Self concept on Adolescent Alcohol Use and Suicidal Behaviors written by Lauren A. Bartsch and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescent alcohol use is a major public health problem in the United States. Few studies have examined the relationship between specific components of mental health (i.e. self-concept) and alcohol use, particularly across the varying developmental years. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of self-concept on recent alcohol use (past 30 days) and recent binge drinking (five or more alcoholic beverages on one occasion) across three developmental ages. This study employed secondary data analysis using the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). All participants were in grades 7-12 (N = 6,504) and completed the computer assisted in-home interview. A total of 17.3% of youth reported recent alcohol use and 11.3% reported recent binge drinking. Overall, recent alcohol use and recent binge drinking increased with increased grade levels. Youth who were male and white were also more likely than their counterparts for recent alcohol use and recent binge drinking. Youth with low self-concept were at increased odds for recent alcohol use. This held true regardless of sex, race and grade. Youth with low self-concept were at increased odds for recent binge drinking among male and female students, white students, and students in grades 7-8 and grades 11-12. Students in grades 7-8 with low self-concept had the highest odds ratios for recent alcohol use and recent binge drinking in comparison to students in grades 9-10 or 11-12 with low self-concept. Results of this study underscore the importance for health educators and preventionists to consider the impact of self-concept on youth substance use at differing grade levels when developing substance abuse prevention efforts. Youth suicide is in the top leading causes of death among adolescents and remains an important public health issue for health professionals today. Few have examined a more intrapersonal form of mental health, an individual's overall self-concept. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of self-concept on suicidal ideation and suicide attempts across three grade levels. A secondary data analysis was conducted using the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). All participants were in grades 7-12 (N = 6,504) and completed a computer assisted in-home interview. A total of 12.8% of youth reported suicidal ideation and 3.5% reported attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Overall, suicidal ideation increased with age whereas suicide attempts were consistent among the three groups. Female youth were significantly more likely than male youth to experience both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Youth with a low self-concept were at increased odds for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts regardless of sex, race, or grade. Interestingly, the impact of self-concept on suicidal ideation noticeably increased with increased grade level. Odds ratios for suicidal ideation show those with low self-concept were 2.8 (7th/8th grade), 3.5 (9th/10th grade), and 4.4 (11th/12th grade). The impact of self-concept on suicide attempts did not increase but rather remained consistently high among the three age groups. Future research is needed to explain reasons for the pronounced impact of self-concept on suicidal ideation with progressing age. Results from this study support the need for incorporating self-concept into suicide prevention efforts for youth.

Download or read book Harm Reduction in Substance Use and High Risk Behaviour written by Richard Pates and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-31 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harm Reduction is a philosophy of public health intended as a progressive alternative to the prohibition of certain potentially dangerous lifestyle choices. Recognising that certain people always have and always will engage in behaviours which carry risks, the aim of harm reduction is to mitigate the potential dangers and health risks associated with those behaviours. Harm Reduction in Substance Use and High-Risk Behaviour offers a comprehensive exploration of the policy, practice and evidence base of harm reduction. Starting with a history of harm reduction, the book addresses key ethical and legal issues central to the debates and developments in the field. It discusses the full range of psychoactive substances, behaviours and communities with chapters on injecting, dance drugs, stimulant use, tobacco harm reduction, alcohol use and sex work. Written by an international team of contributors, this text provides an essential panorama of harm reduction in the 21st century for educators and researchers in addiction and public health, postgraduate students and policy makers.

Download or read book Alcohol and Violence written by Robert Nash Parker and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2012-12-27 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many people have experienced or witnessed situations in which people drinking alcohol get aggressive, obnoxious, and violent. Scientific research has shown evidence of a relationship between alcohol and violence, and even evidence that alcohol plays a role in causing violent and aggressive responses. The book explores a number of aspects of this relationship. If you have been drinking are you more likely to be a victim of crime? If victimized, does drinking alcohol make you more likely to be injured? How does availability of alcohol in the community influence rates of violence among Mexican American youth? Does advertising that links sex and alcohol result in higher rates of sexual assault in Latino neighborhoods? How do elementary school children react to experimentation with drugs, alcohol, and aggression? Do countries outside the United States have alcohol and violence problems, and do these impact men and women differently? We presents original research that shows the depths and conditions under which alcohol and violence are linked, further strengthening the evidence that alcohol use and availability is an important factor in violence in our cities, neighborhoods, school, and homes. The good news is that we regulate alcohol use and availability effectively, with a body of established laws and procedures. We can, therefore, find ways using this existing system to develop new ways to prevent the alcohol related violence studied here. The second half of the book begins this task by laying out the principles of environmental prevention, a strategy that has been very successful in a number of health and safety related domains. The next four chapters show just how environmental prevention strategies have worked, and worked very effectively, to lower rates of violence by reducing alcohol availability and alcohol consumption. The research reported here shows communities different approaches and mechanisms to achieve reductions in violence, and they provide a road map for communities everywhere to follow suit and reduce alcohol related violence. Reducing violence can be accomplished, everyone can do it if they work together, and the result is a safer and better society.

Download or read book AIDS and Adolescents written by Lorraine Sherr and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-29 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1997, Aids and Adolescents provided an insight into a wide range of adolescent issues which were rarely compiled in one volume at the time. Much of the HIV epidemic response had been at the individual level in the hope that this narrow focus would provide the key to containment and resolution of spread. However, over the ten years since the epidemic had taken hold, it was clear that paradigms were limited, input was uncritical and large cohorts were overlooked. In this text a series of contributions have been compiled to explore adolescent issues ranging from sexual behaviour and health education campaigns to HIV prevention and HIV/AIDS care. The chapters begin by giving an overview of adolescent problems, such as homelessness, pregnancy and gender, and explore why these problems are so often overlooked. We then move on to an examination of the facts and fictions associated with adolescent risk, challenging some of the basic current notions underpinning approaches to the subject at the time. Also included are particular focused studies of Australian adolescents’ beliefs about HIV and STDs and also the American adolescents’ perceptions of drug injection. Finally, the volume gives a focused view of those with HIV infection, with a review of findings of the time, neuropsychological and psychological factors. This overview provided some comments on merging issues and future directions. Today it can be read in its historical context.

Download or read book Alcohol Use Among Adolescents written by Michael Windle and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1999-06-25 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescent alcohol use is prominent among today′s teens and has elicited rising concerns among parents, health practitioners, social policymakers, and the public at large. Yet there is an absence of a relatively concise book that summarizes and integrates existing knowledge on the various facets of adolescent alcohol use. This book attempts to fill this void by integrating research from the multiple fields of study (e.g., prevalence of use), describing measurement approaches (e.g., survey and clinical diagnostic), reviewing risk and protective factors, reporting on findings from prominent prevention and treatment studies, and suggesting future research directions. The coverage is intended to examine issues relevant to etiology, developmental courses, and prevention and treatment, as well as to identify future research directions.

Download or read book Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report provides an overview of alcohol consumption and harms in relation to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (Chapter 1) presents global strategies action plans and monitoring frameworks (Chapter 2) gives detailed information on: the consumption of alcohol in populations (Chapter 3); the health consequences of alcohol consumption (Chapter 4); and policy responses at national level (Chapter 5). In its final chapter 6 the imperative for reducing harmful use of alcohol in a public health perspective is presented. In addition the report contains country profiles for WHO Member States and appendices with statistical annexes a description of the data sources and methods used to produce the estimates and references.