Download or read book THE EFFECTS OF AGE ON ENDOTHELIAL RESPONSE TO HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING written by Gabe Gonzalez- Contreras and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: The world population is growing exponentially older. The age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, leads to loss of function and independence, disability, and increased mortality. Declining endothelial function during aging may increase dysfunction in muscle. Exercise may partly rescue muscle vascular function. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a form of exercise that involves short bursts of intense exercise alternated with low intensity recovery periods. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of age on endothelial response to HIIT. We also sought to determine the impact of HIIT on capillarization in both adult and older adult mice. Homogenized gastrocnemius C57BL/6 mice samples were used. The study randomly assigned C57BL/6 mice to a 13-week program of HIIT, with an additional sedentary control group. Randomized mice were adult ages (aged 6 months to 10 months) or older adult ages (aged 22 months to 26 months). Due to complications incurred during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, 28-months old mice served as the sedentary control group (28m). The functional ability of each mouse was measured pre- and post-training using our comprehensive functional assessment battery (CFAB) composite scoring system, consisting of five validated tests. Sarcopenia was measured through analyses of body composition (EchoMRI) and post-training muscle wet mass. Western immunoblots were performed using gastrocnemius homogenates to determine expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic promoter, and immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the capillary to fiber ratio. We observed no statistically significant differences in VEGF expression with either age or exercise status compared to controls two days after the final training session, comparing means with a 1-Way ANOVA. However, due to large individual sample variation limiting power in the ANOVA, we used independent samples t-test, finding older mice had significantly less baseline VEGF expression, VEGF in older mice HIIT group tended to be elevated compared to controls, and HIIT restored VEGF levels to baseline levels of young adult mice. Immunohistochemistry results showed no statistical difference in capillarization between groups (HIIT, CON) in the older adult mice, albeit with a low n=3 per group. Results from the present study suggest that a HIIT training mode may not lead to chronically elevated VEGF levels within muscle in adults but may do so in older adults. This suggests that incorporating HIIT may enhance endothelial health in older adults. Future work is needed to determine if VEGF increased transiently after acute exercise bouts, and whether age plays a role in this response.

Download or read book The Endothelium written by Thomas F. Luscher and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1990: The Endothelium: Modulator of Cardiovascular Function takes a comprehensive look at the role of the endothelium in cardiovascular control in health and disease. Experts offer detailed reviews on specific topics that address these roles of the endothelium: diffusion barrier, blood-brain barrier, regulator of capillary permeability, metabolic function (uptake and enzymatic destruction), conversion of vasoactive products, production of prostanoids, production and release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors, production of endothelium-derived contracting factors, production of coagulation factors, production of fibrinolytic factors, reticulo-endothelial function, role in atherosclerosis, and changes in function with aging and disease. This overview provides the reader with an update on the role of one of the most fascinating cells in cardiovascular biology. It focuses on the multiple functions of those cells and offers the first attempt to draw a parallel between these functions. Anyone studying the fields of physiology and pharmacology will benefit from this "must have" reference resource.

Download or read book Science and Application of High Intensity Interval Training written by Laursen, Paul and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2019 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The popularity of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which consists primarily of repeated bursts of high-intensity exercise, continues to soar because its effectiveness and efficiency have been proven in use by both elite athletes and general fitness enthusiasts. Surprisingly, few resources have attempted to explain both the science behind the HIIT movement and its sport-specific application to athlete training. That’s why Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training is a must-have resource for sport coaches, strength and conditioning professionals, personal trainers, and exercise physiologists, as well as for researchers and sport scientists who study high-intensity interval training.

Download or read book Determinants and Impact of Early Vascular Aging in Children and Adolescents written by Ruan Kruger and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-26 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Endothelium and Cardiovascular Diseases written by Protasio L. Da Luz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-03 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endothelium and Cardiovascular Diseases: Vascular Biology and Clinical Syndromes provides an in-depth examination of the role of endothelium and endothelial dysfunction in normal vascular function, and in a broad spectrum of clinical syndromes, from atherosclerosis, to cognitive disturbances and eclampsia. The endothelium is a major participant in the pathophysiology of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and hypertension, and these entities are responsible for the largest part of cardiovascular mortality and morbidly. Over the last decade major new discoveries and concepts involving the endothelium have come to light. This important reference collects this data in an easy to reference resource. Written by known experts, and covering all aspects of endothelial function in health and disease, this reference represents an assembly of recent knowledge that is essential to both basic investigators and clinicians. - Provides a complete overview of endothelial function in health and diseases, along with an assessment of new information - Includes coverage of groundbreaking areas, including the artificial LDL particle, the development of a new anti-erectile dysfunction agent, a vaccine for atherosclerosis, coronary calcification associated with red wine, and the interplay of endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress - Explores the genetic features of endothelium and the interaction between basic knowledge and clinical syndromes

Download or read book Exploration of the Physiological Effects of Exercise in Cardiovascular Diseases written by Markos Klonizakis and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Download or read book Cardiovascular Adjustments and Adaptations to Exercise From the Athlete to the Patient written by Antonio Crisafulli and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-04-02 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Protein Metabolism in Aging written by Harold L. Segal and published by . This book was released on 1990-04-17 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines recent research in the biochemical basis of aging and offers contributions from an international group of researchers actively engaged in this field. It provides valuable new data on how aging alters protein metabolism and structure, the cell, endocrine and neurobiological functions, and free radicals. The book also explores the effects of dietary restrictions on aging. Specific topics include mechanisms of protein degradation; turnover of plasma membrane proteins in hepatocytes; genetic, biochemical, and molecular studies of cellular senescence; effects of aging and dietary restrictions on protein synthesis; and physiological antioxidant defense and repair systems.

Download or read book Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training written by Moritz Schumann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an extensive guide for exercise and health professionals, students, scientists, sport coaches, athletes of various sports and those with a general interest in concurrent aerobic and strength training. Following a brief historical overview of the past decades of research on concurrent training, in section 1 the epigenetic as well as physiological and neuromuscular differences of aerobic and strength training are discussed. Thereafter, section 2 aims at providing an up-to-date analysis of existing explanations for the interference phenomenon, while in section 3 the training-methodological difficulties of combined aerobic and strength training are elucidated. In section 4 and 5, the theoretical considerations reviewed in previous sections will then be practically applied to specific populations, ranging from children and elderly to athletes of various sports. Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training: Scientific Basics and Practical Applications is a novel book on one of the “hot topics” of exercise training. The Editors' highest priority is to make this book an easily understandable and at the same time scientifically supported guide for the daily practice.

Download or read book Arteriogenesis written by Wolfgang Schaper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-09-21 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the topic of collateral circulation and its structure and function; its molecular mechanisms during the course of critical arterial stenosis; and how it can be stimulated by physical and growth factors. Animal models are covered in this volume as they reproduce the clinical situation in the laboratory. The book also contains mechanistic explanations of vascular growth that are reflected in numerous charts.

Download or read book Cardiovascular Remodeling in Aging and Disease written by Lakshmi Santhanam and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.

Download or read book Neurodevelopment and Intelligence Impacts of Nutrition Environmental Toxins and Stress Volumes 1 and 2 written by Charles A. Lewis, MD MPH and published by Psy Press. This book was released on 2022-03-01 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This special edition of Neurodevelopment and Intelligence contains both Volumes One and Two. The set provides an understanding neurodevelopmental risks during fetal and early life, and of the things that can go awry that limit or hinder healthy brain development, leading to a loss of intellectual abilities or causing disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder. It should be of interest to anyone interested in brain health, preventive medicine, pediatrics, public health policy, present and prospective parents, and those planning on pregnancy and parturition. Herein, Dr. Lewis explains: How people got smarter for more than a century and and why the alternative title of the book is Swimming in a Poisoned Pond —The Looming Demise of Cognitive and Mental Health in America How any healthy child can be a genius with advanced planning All the nasty things in your home that cause brain damage The disgusting things in your water that harm the brain The prenatal vitamins that prevent autism How ADHD is a lifestyle disease The eight pillars of health and their effects on the brain What men can do to sire smarter children The environmental toxins that cause violent crime and suicide How to make your home safe for your child’s brain The role of gut bacteria on the brain How to make pregnancy safer for the fetal brain Foods that improve brain function Maternal life style factors that affect IQ The seven pillars of health and their effects on the brain What men can do to sire smarter children How to make your home safe for your child’s brain The role of gut bacteria on the brain The disruptive effects of sleep deprivation and sleep disordered breathing on brain development, and sleep hygiene for children The effects of stress on the brain and its functioning The harmful effects of poverty on the brain How noise and noise pollution harm brain development. How good public policy can give us a brighter future Foods that improve brain function and make us happy and engaged The effects of Exercise and Environmental Enrichment Kiss your genetic legacy goodbye! Why you will likely never be a grandparent if you don’t already have children How stress makes us stupid Why people are getting dumber even though we have better medical care and more access to education. Are we already too dumb to save ourselves from our mistakes? How psychopathic corporations, stupidity, and structural racism raid America’s wealth The book is a serious scientific exploration of neurodevelopment on which policy and personal behavior changes can be based to improve health, happiness, and intellectual curiosity. Section I section lays out an description of the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and why it can used as a proxy for neurodevelopment. It explains IQ tests and other developmental scales scoring, and some of their limitations. The high metabolic cost of a large brain and the survival advantage provided by epigenetic adaptation to downsize the brain to the current environmental conditions is described, explaining why a less costly and less intelligent brain are adaptive to leaner times. An estimate is made for the average human IQ in full health and nutrition, (about two standard deviations above the current average, or an IQ of 130). A primer on inflammation is given. Section 2: discusses the impact of anemia and iron on brain development. Topics include: Hookworm, malaria, and infections. Most of this section discusses iron deficiency, iron supplementation in pregnancy and infancy, and the role other minerals and vitamins required for blood formation Section 3: Covers the role of iodine and thyroid hormone on neurodevelopment. The following chapters discuss thyroid hormone disruptors including fluoride and bromide, organohalogens, thyroid disrupting organic pollutants, organophosphates and other biocides, and foods and food additives that impact thyroid function Section 4 covers neurotoxic metals in the environment. The neurotoxic metals that most commonly impact brain health are discussed, including arsenic, lead, mercury, manganese. The impacts of cadmium and aluminum on fetal and infant health are reviewed. Toxic metal exposure during development most commonly occurs from water contamination, and Chapter 18 covers water filtration for removal of these toxins. Section 5 discusses the role of toxic metals, dietary factors, and the role of the intestinal microbiome on the causation and exacerbation of autism spectrum disorder. Evidence on the role of special diets for ASD is reviewed.The timing of the development of ASD is discussed; as it is essential to understanding which exposures are relevant and amenable to treatment. Section 6 discussed the generation of air pollution from combustion of fuels and the adverse impacts of it on brain health. Effects of Particulate matter (PM) on health, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease are reviewed, along with its effects on the premature birth of infants, neurodevelopment, IQ, and autism. Mitigation of risk is discussed. Section 7 outlines maternal factors that impact neurodevelopment and intelligence. The causes and effects of preterm birth and small for gestational age are explored, with a particular focus on environmental influences. Section 8 covers the effect of general health on neurodevelopment, including the impact of diet on the intestinal microbiome, exercise, sleep deprivation, sleep-disordered breathing, and explains the roll of lifestyle in ADHD. Section 9 discusses the effects of psychosocial stress on neurodevelopment and intellectual performance, and discusses the epigenetic effects of stress on brain development and behavior. The role of having a supportive social environment, a stimulating environment, and education on brain development, IQ an health are discussed. The effects of prenatal stress on the brain are reviewed. Other topics include the effect of stress and telomere length, the effects of poverty or domestic violence on IQ score, and the effects of stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and on the gut. The effects of noise on hearing, academic performance, and sleep are reviewed. The need to confront endemic stress as a societal norm is discussed.

Download or read book Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Ageing Part II Clinical Science written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-19 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the subcellular Biochemistry series will attempt to bridge the gap between the subcellular events that are related to aging as they were described in the first volume of this set of two books and the reality of aging as this is seen in clinical practice. All chapters will start from the biochemistry or cell biology, where the data is available and work up towards the understanding that we have of aging in the various areas that are related to the subject. Key focus points for this volume are nutrition, external factors and genetics on aging. There will also be chapters that will focus on various organs or tissues in which aging has been well studied, like the eyes, the muscles, the immune system and the bones. The aim of the book project and the book project that is published in concert with this volume is to bring the subcellular and clinical areas into closer contact.

Download or read book Exercise and Diabetes written by Sheri R. Colberg and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical movement has a positive effect on physical fitness, morbidity, and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Although exercise has long been considered a cornerstone of diabetes management, many health care providers fail to prescribe it. In addition, many fitness professionals may be unaware of the complexities of including physical activity in the management of diabetes. Giving patients or clients a full exercise prescription that take other chronic conditions commonly accompanying diabetes into account may be too time-consuming for or beyond the expertise of many health care and fitness professionals. The purpose of this book is to cover the recommended types and quantities of physical activities that can and should be undertaken by all individuals with any type of diabetes, along with precautions related to medication use and diabetes-related health complications. Medications used to control diabetes should augment lifestyle improvements like increased daily physical activity rather than replace them. Up until now, professional books with exercise information and prescriptions were not timely or interactive enough to easily provide busy professionals with access to the latest recommendations for each unique patient. However, simply instructing patients to “exercise more” is frequently not motivating or informative enough to get them regularly or safely active. This book is changing all that with its up-to-date and easy-to-prescribe exercise and physical activity recommendations and relevant case studies. Read and learn to quickly prescribe effective and appropriate exercise to everyone.

Download or read book Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-01-07 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided.

Download or read book Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases written by Junjie Xiao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-22 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the latest research progress on Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. EVs are small bilayer lipid membrane vesicles released by cells and function for intercellular communication. Increasing evidence has shown that EVs play crucial roles in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, which seriously threaten human health worldwide. The book contains four sections: 1) Extraction Methods; 2) EVs in Cardiovascular Diseases; 3) EVs in Metabolic Diseases; and 4) Therapeutic Implications. This book is useful for biologists, cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, endocrinologists, internists, nurses, undergraduate and graduate students in medicine and cell biology, and others interested in cardiovascular and metabolic medicine.