Download or read book The Effect of Synchronized Breeding on Genetic Evaluations of Fertility Traits in Dairy Cattle written by Colin Lynch and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the use of timed artificial insemination protocols (TAI), it is possible to alleviate the pressure of estrus detection. However, TAI affects the reproductive physiology and endocrinology involved in the estrous cycle, leading to genetically inferior cows' performance becoming masked. As genetic programs rely on the collection of accurate phenotypic data, phenotypes collected on treated animals likely add bias to genetic evaluations. In this study, to assess the effect of TAI, the rank correlation of bulls for a given trait using only TAI records were compared to the same trait using only heat detection records. Large re-ranking occurred between bulls compared based on either having 100% TAI records or 100% heat detection records, across all traits and parities, indicating that a bias does indeed exist. Methods to account for the bias created by TAI should be investigated, alternatively, fertility traits should be split via management technology into two independent traits.

Download or read book The Effects of Synchronization Protocals on Genetic Parameters of Reproductive Traits in Dairy Cattle written by Robert C. Goodling and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Breeding of Dairy Cattle written by Julius Van der Werf and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genomically Enhanced Predictions of Dairy Cattle Fertility written by Emily Marie Sitko and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research presented in this thesis aimed at improving the efficiency of dairy farms through the development of targeted reproductive management strategies (TRM) based on genomically enhanced predictions of fertility, and the elucidation of associations between genetic merit for fertility and biological outcomes that affect dairy cow reproductive performance.Chapter II and III present the results of an experiment designed to compare the association between genetic merit for fertility and reproductive and profitability outcomes of cows submitted for artificial insemination (AI) with management programs that prioritized AI at detected estrus (AIE) or timed AI (TAI). Another objective was to determine if cows with different genetic potential for fertility would present a distinct response to the strategies compared. The study presented in Chapter IV and V characterized associations between genetic merit for fertility and biological parameters known to alter reproductive performance of cows. Results presented in Chapter II and III indicated that primiparous Holstein cows of superior genetic merit for fertility had better reproductive performance than cows of inferior genetic merit for fertility regardless of the type of reproductive management used. In addition, the effect of TRM based on genetic merit for fertility on reproductive performance depended on the outcome or sets of outcomes of interest evaluated. For example, cows of superior and intermediate genetic merit for fertility had greater P/AI when managed with the predominant TAI program but reduced days to pregnancy when managed with the program that prioritized AIE. Cows of inferior fertility also had greater first service P/AI with the program that prioritized TAI but had similar days to pregnancy with both management strategies. From an economic standpoint, cows of inferior fertility had greater cash flow than cows of superior fertility. For cows in specific fertility groups, the effects of the reproductive management strategies compared generated differences in cash flow of potential value for commercial dairy farms. The study presented in Chapter IV and V demonstrated a potential association of genomic merit for fertility with physiological and endocrine parameters known to affect reproductive performance of dairy cows. Particularly, cows of inferior genetic merit for fertility had poorer uterine health, decreased response to synchronization of estrus and ovulation, and were more likely to present altered ovarian and hormonal phenotypes that led to more frequent expression of atypical estrous cycles as compared with cows of superior genetic merit for fertility. Overall, we observed that genetically enhanced predictions of fertility might be a suitable tool for decision making in TRM. Additionally, the value of TRM programs for cows of different genetic merit for fertility might be on improving aspects of herd management such as simplifying program implementation or reducing reliance on hormonal interventions while maintaining acceptable levels of reproductive performance. An improved understanding of biological differences associated with genetic variation, such as our observations in Chapter IV and V, may be beneficial for the development of novel TRM and technologies to improve the reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle. This novel information could also support the development of new traits for selection of fertility.

Download or read book Dairy 2007 Reference of dairy cattle health and management practices in the United States 2007 written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Selection in Canadian Dairy Cattle written by Bernard Hagan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Genetic evaluations for April 2018, which were computed by Canadian Dairy Network, dairy herd information, and lactation records of Holstein cows from Lactanet, were used to (i) compute realized genetic selection differentials (GSD) for economically important traits in Holstein, Ayrshire, Jersey, and Brown Swiss herds in Canada, (ii) investigate generation intervals in four dairy cattle populations, (iii) estimate genetic parameters for milk production, lactation body weight, SCS, and profit indicator traits in Holstein cows in Québec, and (iv) develop a prototype tool and visualization model to monitor selection realized in individual dairy herds. A new approach that would be more relevant to dairy producers has been used to compute realized GSD of traits of economic importance in four dairy cattle breeds in Canada. Significant GSDs were being realized for production, durability, health, fertility traits, and lifetime performance index (LPI). Greater selections were realized in the dam-to-bull (DB) and sire-to-bull (SB) pathways of selection compared with selection realized in the sire-to-cow (SC) and dam-to-cow (DC) pathways; little to no selection was realized for production, durability, and health traits in the DC path in the four dairy cattle breeds. Apart from year of conception, other non-genetic factors were mostly unimportant on the realized GSD for economically important traits while significant variations existed among herds in their realized GSD.Generation intervals (L) in all four paths of selection have been decreasing from 1980 to 2016. There have been 55%, 41%, 46%, and 38% reductions in total L in the Holstein, Ayrshire, Jersey, and Brown Swiss populations between 1980 and 2016, respectively. A significant proportion of the reductions in L occurred in the last 8 years (2009 to 2016). Herd and herd*year of birth explained significant proportion of the variations in L. This study has demonstrated that herds that used younger Artificial Insemination bulls for breeding increased their annual genetic progress at a faster rate.First to fourth lactation records of Holstein cows in Québec were used to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters of milk production, somatic cell score (SCS), lactation body weight (BWT), cumulative milk value (MV), cumulative feed cost (FC), and margin over feed cost (MOFC). Heritability estimates for milk production traits, BWT, MV, and MOFC were moderate whereas heritability estimates for SCS and FC were low. Genetic correlations among the traits studied ranged from low to high. Strong genetic correlations existed between the same traits in different lactations with the greatest correlations found between adjacent lactations. An attempt has been made to illustrate that it is possible to slow or halt the positive genetic trends in cow body weight by incorporating BWT and milk production traits into a simple selection index.Finally, a prototype software tool and visualization model were developed to help dairy producers and advisors monitor GSD in their herds, and compare the selection they are making with a number of benchmarks. The concept of this prototype software tool is applicable to all livestock species for which genetic evaluations are routinely computed and published. It is expected that producers would use this software tool to monitor what selection they are making in their herds and make changes if they are moving in an unintended direction"--

Download or read book Factors Affecting Calf Crop written by Michael J. Fields and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factors Affecting Calf Crop summarizes the latest information available from leading cattle physiologists and geneticists regarding factors known to influence the production of live calves at weaning. You get practical information on management techniques for improving reproduction efficiency in the herd. You'll also learn about the functioning of the reproductive system and how this may affect reproductive processes in the cow herd. Managers will benefit from a clearer understanding of the factors known to limit efficient reproduction, while veterinarians and other professionals who advise cattlemen will appreciate the substantial reference material and color photographs for defining cow condition scores. Color photographs are also used to illustrate the discussions of testicular thermographies and their applications. Other chapters in the book cover developments in improving reproductive performance of the replacement heifer, the brood cow, and the bull. Topics on reproduction include physiology/endocrinology, the use of growth promotants, genetics and physiological and economic considerations in selecting the age to breed heifers, heritability of fertility, length of the breeding season, prepartum and postpartum nutrition, nursing by the calf, cloning of embryos, and much more.

Download or read book Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits written by Bruce Walsh and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 1504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative traits-be they morphological or physiological characters, aspects of behavior, or genome-level features such as the amount of RNA or protein expression for a specific gene-usually show considerable variation within and among populations. Quantitative genetics, also referred to as the genetics of complex traits, is the study of such characters and is based on mathematical models of evolution in which many genes influence the trait and in which non-genetic factors may also be important. Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits presents a holistic treatment of the subject, showing the interplay between theory and data with extensive discussions on statistical issues relating to the estimation of the biologically relevant parameters for these models. Quantitative genetics is viewed as the bridge between complex mathematical models of trait evolution and real-world data, and the authors have clearly framed their treatment as such. This is the second volume in a planned trilogy that summarizes the modern field of quantitative genetics, informed by empirical observations from wide-ranging fields (agriculture, evolution, ecology, and human biology) as well as population genetics, statistical theory, mathematical modeling, genetics, and genomics. Whilst volume 1 (1998) dealt with the genetics of such traits, the main focus of volume 2 is on their evolution, with a special emphasis on detecting selection (ranging from the use of genomic and historical data through to ecological field data) and examining its consequences.

Download or read book Bovine Reproduction written by Richard M. Hopper and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 2206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine Reproduction is a comprehensive, current reference providing information on all aspects of reproduction in the bull and cow. Offering fundamental knowledge on evaluating and restoring fertility in the bovine patient, the book also places information in the context of herd health where appropriate for a truly global view of bovine theriogenology. Printed in full color throughout, the book includes 83 chapters and more than 550 images, making it the most exhaustive reference available on this topic. Each section covers anatomy and physiology, breeding management, and reproductive surgery, as well as obstetrics and pregnancy wastage in the cow. Bovine Reproduction is a welcome resource for bovine practitioners, theriogenologists, and animal scientists, as well as veterinary students and residents with an interest in the cow.

Download or read book The Management of Dairy Herds written by E. V. Ellington and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-07-08 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.

Download or read book Heat Stress and Animal Productivity written by Anjali Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Anjali Aggarwal is working as a Senior Scientist at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). She holds a PhD degree in Animal Physiology and is involved in research and teaching at post-graduate level. Her area of research work is stress and environmental physiology. She has more than 50 publications, two technical bulletins, four manuals and many book chapters to her credit. She has successfully guided many post-graduate and PhD students. Her major research accomplishments are on microclimatic modification for alleviation of heat and cold stress, mist and fan cooling systems for cows and buffaloes, and use of wallowing tank in buffaloes. Her work involves the use of technology of supplementing micronutrients during dry period and early lactation to crossbred and indigenous cows for alleviating metabolic and oxidative stress and improved health and productivity. Studies are also done in her lab on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes as a result of exercise or exposure to heat stress. Dr. R.C. Upadhyay is working as Head, Dairy Cattle Physiology Division at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). He graduated in Veterinary Sciences and obtained his PhD degree in Animal Physiology. His area of recent research is climate change, stress, and environmental physiology. His major research accomplishment is on climate change impact assessment of milk production and growth in livestock. His work also involves studying methane conversion and emission factors for Indian livestock and use of IPCC methodology of methane inventory of Indian livestock. Heat shock protein-70 expression studies in cattle and buffaloes are also done in his lab. Draught animal power evaluation, fatigue assessment, work-rest cycle and work limiting factors form the highlights of his work. Studies on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes and electrocardiographic studies in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat are also undertaken in his lab. He has more than 75 research papers, four books and several book chapters to his credit. Technologies developed and research done by him include methodology of methane measurement: open and closed circuit for cattle and buffaloes; inventory of methane emission from livestock using IPCC methodology; livestock stress index: thermal stress measurement based on physiological functions; and draught power evaluation system and large animal treadmill system. He received training in Radio-nuclides in medicine at Australian School of Nuclear Technology, Lucas heights, NSW, Australia in 1985 and Use of radioisotopes in cardiovascular investigations at CSIRO, Prospect, NSW, Australia, during 1985-86. He has guided several post-graduate and PhD students. He is recipient of Hari Om Ashram Award-1990 (ICAR) for outstanding research in animal sciences.

Download or read book Livestock s Long Shadow written by Henning Steinfeld and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The assessment builds on the work of the Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative"--Pref.

Download or read book Veterinary Cytology written by Leslie C. Sharkey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a state-of-the-art, evidence-based reference to all aspects of veterinary cytology. Truly multidisciplinary in its approach, chapters are written by experts in fields ranging from clinical pathology to internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, and dermatology, drawing the various specialties together to create a comprehensive picture of cytology's role in diagnosis and treatment of animal disease. Firmly grounded in the primary literature, the book focuses on companion animals, with special chapters for species with fewer publications. Chapters are logically organized by body system, with additional chapters on tumors of particular import and diagnostic decision making. The first two sections of Veterinary Cytology focus on cytology techniques, quality control, and special laboratory techniques. Subsequent sections are organ/tissue-based and reflect what is known about the canine, feline, and equine species. This is followed by chapters on non-traditional species, including exotic companion mammals, rabbits, cattle, camelids, non-human primates, reptiles and birds, amphibians, fish, invertebrates, and sheep and goats. The last section highlights some unique features of the applications of cytology in industry settings. Provides a gold-standard reference to data-driven information about cytologic analysis in companion animal species Brings together authors from a wide range of specialties to present a thorough survey of cytology's use in veterinary medicine Offers broader species coverage and greater depth than any cytology reference currently available Veterinary Cytology is an essential resource for clinical and anatomic pathologists and any specialist in areas using cytology, including veterinary oncologists, criticalists, surgeons, ophthalmologists, dermatologists, and internists.

Download or read book Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry written by R. Renaville and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal biotechnology is a broad umbrella encompassing the polarities of fundamental and applied research including molecular modelling, molecular and quantitative genetics, gene manipulation, development of diagnostics and vaccines and manipulation of tissue or digestion metabolism by growth promoters. Although animal biotechnology in the broadest sense is not new, what is new is the level of complexity and precision involved in scientists' current ability to manipulate living organisms. This new book sets out to show that the important ideas in animal biotechnology are exciting and relevant to everyday experience. It represents an important update of the literature for research workers, lecturers, and advisers in animal science, but is also a core text for advanced undergraduate courses in animal science and biotechnology. It will be an essential acquisition for librarians in agriculture and veterinary science.

Download or read book Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals written by Milad Manafi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial insemination is used instead of natural mating for reproduction purposes and its chief priority is that the desirable characteristics of a bull or other male livestock animal can be passed on more quickly and to more progeny than if that animal is mated with females in a natural fashion. This book contains under one cover 16 chapters of concise, up-to-date information on artificial insemination in buffalos, ewes, pigs, swine, sheep, goats, pigs and dogs. Cryopreservation effect on sperm quality and fertility, new method and diagnostic test in semen analysis, management factors affecting fertility after cervical insemination, factors of non-infectious nature affecting the fertility, fatty acids effects on reproductive performance of ruminants, particularities of bovine artificial insemination, sperm preparation techniques and reproductive endocrinology diseases are described. This book will explain the advantages and disadvantages of using AI, the various methodologies used in different species, and how AI can be used to improve reproductive efficiency in farm animals.

Download or read book Calf and Heifer Rearing written by Philip C. Garnsworthy and published by Nottingham Trent University. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume considers every aspect of calf rearing, from physiological principles to practical systems. Topics include physiology of growth and digestion, nutrient requirements, health and welfare, and lifetime performance. More than half the authors are from outside the UK and all are acknowledged as international experts in their field. This book is aimed at technical advisers, researchers, extension workers, veterinary practitioners, progressive farmers, academics and students.