Download or read book The Effect of Smoking on the Severity and Mechanisms of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD written by Simon Charles Bourne and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Download or read book The Effect of Smoking on the Severity of Mechanisms of Acute Exacerbations of COPD written by Simon Charles Bourne and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) worldwide has a prevalence of 10% in men and 8.5% in women. Exacerbations of COPD account for approximately 10% of all acute medical admissions. Projected prevalence figures suggest that by 2020 COPD will be the third leading cause of mortality worldwide thus imposing a significant burden on healthcare resources in the future. Acute exacerbations are not only responsible for a decline in the patient's quality of life, but have a major socioeconomic impact. Following a pilot study that showed current smokers recover lung function much more slowly from their exacerbation than ex smokers, I initiated a properly powered prospective study to investigate the difference between the two groups. A total of 58 patients admitted with acute infectious exacerbations of COPD were recruited to the study to determine the effect of smoking status on their exacerbation. Throughout the admission lung function was measured. Sputum was cultured for bacteria, and PCR used to detect viral infection. Blood and sputum cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum was collected for CRP levels. Ex-smokers recovered significantly more quickly than current smokers in all spirometric parameters (P
Download or read book Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations written by Jadwiga A. Wedzicha and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-09-22 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations covers the definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, mechanisms, and treatment associated with COPD exacerbations. This text also addresses imaging and how it plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and study of exacerbations.Written by today's top experts, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbat
Download or read book Mechanisms and Management of COPD Exacerbations written by L. Allegra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasingly important health problem world-wide. Whereas most other leading diseases have shown a decline in the past decades, COPD morbidity and mortality is on a steady increase. Exacerbations are usually defined as an increase in cough, a change in the colour or quantity of sputum, and a worsening dyspnea. The role of bacterial infections and the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECD) is still controversial. Exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are a common occurrence in clinical practice and are a leading cause of antibiotic prescription among respiratory infections. It is still uncertain whether each new exacerbation may deteriorate the natural history of chronic bronchitis. Undoubtedly, every episode includes a temporary worsening in lung function and may therefore pose the threat of respiratory failure or death in more severely obstructed patients.
Download or read book Smoking and Lung Inflammation written by Thomas J. Rogers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-12 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smoking and Lung Inflammation is the first book directly related to chronic lung inflammation of its kind in several respects. First, the it focuses on both basic and clinical research on COPD, and the inflammatory mechanisms that function in these diseases. Second, it is unique with respect to scope of the discussion of the unusual characteristics of the immune response which occurs in these patients. Third, it includes knowledge being gained from translational research conducted through clinical trials at several Medical Schools in the United States. Not only is this research providing information about novel drugs and therapies, but it is also advancing our understanding of the genetics of these diseases. This work will illuminate the molecular basis for these diseases, and hopefully will permit us to individualize the therapies for these diseases.
Download or read book ABC of COPD written by Graeme P. Currie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-11-04 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive, largely irreversible lung condition characterised by airflow obstruction. Although cigarette smoking is the single most important risk factor in its development, other associations and risk factors are thought to have increasing relevance throughout the world. COPD is usually managed in primary care, although it is commonly under-diagnosed, and is one of the most common medical conditions necessitating admission to hospital. The second edition of the ABC of COPD provides the entire multidisciplinary team with a reliable, up-to-date and accessible account of COPD. Extensively updated by experienced clinicians - including new chapters on spirometry, inhalers, oxygen, death, dying and end of life issues - this ABC is an authoritative and practical guide for general practitioners, practice nurses, specialist nurses, medical students, paramedical staff, junior doctors, non-specialist doctors and all other health professionals working in both primary and secondary care.
Download or read book Pharmacotherapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease written by Bartolome R. Celli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-12-17 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Placing specialists at the cutting-edge of therapeutic and biotechnological research, this reference reviews the extensive array of pharmaceutical options available for the management of patients with COPD. The book considers disease severity, dosing regimens, administration methods, and monitoring procedures, as well as medication-related side-eff
Download or read book Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease pocketbook written by Peter Barnes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-07-14 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date perspective on the inflammatory cells, mediators, and molecular pathology of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphasizing the urgent need to clearly understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in COPD.
Download or read book The Effects of Exercise Training and Acute Exacerbations on Muscle Function in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease written by Martijn A. Spruit and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a Ph.D. dissertation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases. Clinically, it is characterized by complaints of cough, sputum production, and/or dyspnoea, and diagnosed by a significantly reduced Tiffeneau index. It was the fourth leading cause of death in the United States in 1996, exceeded only by heart attacks, cancers and stroke. Hence, COPD is a major global health problem and its burden on society is growing rapidly. For these reasons, COPD was chosen as a study population in the present project.
Download or read book COPD An Issue of Medical Clinics written by Stephen I. Rennard and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-07-28 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Medical Clinics of North America provides the latest essential updates on COPD. The following topics are covered: pathobiological mechanisms; genes and the disease (alpha-l-antitrypsin); the environment, phenotype, and comorbidity; the role and potential of imaging; pulmonary function and its importance; exercise in testing and therapy; patients’ perception and quality of life; exacerbations, causes, prevention, and treatment; an integrated approach to the medical treatment; meducal pneumoplasty, surgical resection, or lung transplant; and smoking cessation and environmental hygiene.
Download or read book Public Health Consequences of E Cigarettes written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-05-18 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.
Download or read book Severe Asthma written by Kian Fan Chung and published by European Respiratory Society. This book was released on 2019-06-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Severe asthma is a form of asthma that responds poorly to currently available medication, and its patients represent those with greatest unmet needs. In the last 10 years, substantial progress has been made in terms of understanding some of the mechanisms that drive severe asthma; there have also been concomitant advances in the recognition of specific molecular phenotypes. This ERS Monograph covers all aspects of severe asthma – epidemiology, diagnosis, mechanisms, treatment and management – but has a particular focus on recent understanding of mechanistic heterogeneity based on an analytic approach using various ‘omics platforms applied to clinically well-defined asthma cohorts. How these advances have led to improved management targets is also emphasised. This book brings together the clinical and scientific expertise of those from around the world who are collaborating to solve the problem of severe asthma.
Download or read book Lung Volume Reduction Surgery written by Michael Argenziano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A panel of recognized authorities comprehensively review the medical, surgical, and pathophysiologic issues relevant to lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema. Topics range from the open technique and video-assisted thoracoscopic approaches to LVRS, to anesthetic management, to perioperative and nursing care of the patient. The experts also detail the selection of candidates for LVRS, the clinical results and clinical trials in LVRS, and the effects of LVRS on survival rates.
Download or read book Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants written by Ismail Laher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this collection of illustrated reviews is to discuss the systems biology of free radicals and anti-oxidants. Free radical induced cellular damage in a variety of tissues and organs is reviewed, with detailed discussion of molecular and cellular mechanisms. The collection is aimed at those new to the field, as well as clinicians and scientists with long standing interests in free radical biology. A feature of this collection is that the material also brings insights into various diseases where free radicals are thought to play a role. There is extensive discussion of the success and limitations of the use of antioxidants in several clinical settings.
Download or read book Rosen s Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice E Book written by John Marx and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 3266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rely on Rosen's Emergency Medicine for the latest answers on every facet of emergency medicine practice. For decades, this medical reference book has set the standard in emergency medicine, offering unparalleled comprehensiveness, clarity, and authority - to help you put the latest and best knowledge to work for your patients in the ER. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Compatible with Kindle®, nook®, and other popular devices. Practice confidently with easily actionable, dependable guidance on the entire breadth of emergency medicine topics. Get expert guidance on how to approach specific clinical presentations in the ER. The "Cardinal Presentations Section" provides quick and easy reference to differential diagnosis and directed testing for fever in the adult patient; dizziness and vertigo; chest pain; and over 20 other frequently seen presentations in the emergency department. Effectively apply the newest emergency medicine techniques and approaches, including evidence-based therapies for shock; high-cost imaging; evaluation and resuscitation of the trauma patient; cardiovascular emergencies; evaluation and risk stratification for transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients; and much more. Locate the answers you need quickly thanks to a user-friendly, full-color design, complete with more illustrations than ever before. Access the complete contents on the go from your laptop or mobile device at Expert Consult, fully searchable, with links to PubMed.
Download or read book Update on the Immune Mechanisms Against Respiratory Pathogens written by Junkal Garmendía and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-21 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Respiratory infections are leading causes of mortality and morbidity, with Tuberculosis and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) culminating in almost 5 million deaths per year. Respiratory tract infections pose a continuous threat to humans due to their easy dissemination via aerial transmission. Children under the age of five living in developing countries are the most susceptible hosts to a plethora of bacteria and viruses including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Influenza virus, Respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus. Likewise, adult patients suffering from underlying chronic respiratory diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), bronchiectasis or neutrophilic asthma are also highly targeted by LRTIs. Despite vaccination saving millions of lives, the growing emergence of antibiotic resistant strains is a major challenge for the coming years. In addition, some vaccines against particular respiratory pathogens are ineffective in providing long-term protection. Accordingly, an enhanced understanding of host immunity to respiratory infections is essential for developing new and more effective microbial- and host-directed therapeutics. This eBook will provide a comprehensive overview of the microbial factors and the host immune mechanisms that determine the control of lung infection and/or the development of lung diseases. Manuscripts included in this eBook are divided in four chapters and cover these aspects of immunology against respiratory pathogens: -Pathogen targets for immune recognition including membrane-anchored and secreted effector molecules. -Specific roles of immune cell subsets in response to respiratory infections spanning both innate and adaptive immunity. -Host factors involved in pathogen recognition in the respiratory system including cytosolic DNA sensors. -New prophylactic and/or therapeutic strategies against respiratory infections.
