Download or read book The Effect of Self Help Groups on Access to Maternal Health Services written by Somen Saha and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: The main challenge for achieving universal health coverage in India is ensuring effective coverage for poor and vulnerable communities, with high levels of income and gender inequity in access to health care. Self help groups (SHGs), a small economically homogeneous affinity group of the rural poor voluntarily coming together to save small amount and provide collateral free loans, is considered the cornerstone of much of the microfinance activity. SHGs are perceived to influence health outcome, particularly maternal and child health knowledge and service utilization. Evidence about the impact of SHGs on health has, however, have been derived from pilot level interventions and is thus limited in scope. Widening this scope by using data from the national District Level Household Survey (DLHS-3), this paper analyzes the influence of the presence of SHGs on maternal health service uptake in rural India. Methods: DLHS-3 collected information on 643,944 ever married women from 22,825 villages in India. The primary predictor variable was presence of SHG in village. The outcome variables were: institutional delivery; feeding newborns colostrums; knowledge about female sterilization, IUD, oral pills, emergency contraception, and female condom; and ever used oral pills, IUD, and female sterilization. Stepwise logistic regression was applied to estimate the influence controlling for respondent education, occupation, heard or seen health messages, availability of educational facilities, and the existence of a village health and sanitation committee. Results: Respondents from villages with SHG were more likely to have delivered in an institution, feed newborn colostrums, know and utilize family planning products and services. These results are positive and significant after controlling for individual and village level heterogeneities, and are consistent with existing literature that the social capital generated through women's participation in SHG, influence health outcome. Conclusion: The study concludes that the presence of SHGs in a village is associated with higher knowledge of family planning and maternal health service uptake in rural India. Also our results indicates the need for complementary health programmes to build up on the solidarity and social capital generated as a result of the association, to have maximum impact on community health. To achieve the goal of improving public health, there is a need to better understand the benefit of systematic collaboration between public health community and these grassroots organizations.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2 written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.

Download or read book Social networks mobility and political participation The potential for women s self help groups to improve access and use of public entitlement schemes in India written by Kumar, Neha and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women’s self-help groups (SHGs) have increasingly been used as a vehicle for social, political, and economic empowerment as well as a platform for service delivery. Although a growing body of literature shows evidence of positive impacts of SHGs on various measures of empowerment, our understanding of ways in which SHGs improve awareness and use of public services is limited. To fill this knowledge gap, this paper first examines how SHG membership is associated with political participation, awareness, and use of government entitlement schemes. It further examines the effect of SHG membership on various measures of social networks and mobility. Using data collected in 2015 across five Indian states and matching methods to correct for endogeneity of SHG membership, we find that SHG members are more politically engaged. We also find that SHG members are not only more likely to know of certain public entitlements than non-members, they are significantly more likely to avail of a greater number of public entitlement schemes. Additionally, SHG members have wider social networks and greater mobility as compared to non-members. Our results suggest that SHGs have the potential to increase their members’ ability to hold public entities accountable and demand what is rightfully theirs. An important insight, however, is that the SHGs themselves cannot be expected to increase knowledge of public entitlement schemes in absence of a deliberate effort to do so by an external agency.

Download or read book Birth Settings in America written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The delivery of high quality and equitable care for both mothers and newborns is complex and requires efforts across many sectors. The United States spends more on childbirth than any other country in the world, yet outcomes are worse than other high-resource countries, and even worse for Black and Native American women. There are a variety of factors that influence childbirth, including social determinants such as income, educational levels, access to care, financing, transportation, structural racism and geographic variability in birth settings. It is important to reevaluate the United States' approach to maternal and newborn care through the lens of these factors across multiple disciplines. Birth Settings in America: Outcomes, Quality, Access, and Choice reviews and evaluates maternal and newborn care in the United States, the epidemiology of social and clinical risks in pregnancy and childbirth, birth settings research, and access to and choice of birth settings.

Download or read book New Horizons in Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-03-09 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Horizons in Health discusses how the National Institutes of Health (NIH) can integrate research in the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences to better understand the causes of disease as well as interventions that promote health. It outlines a set of research priorities for consideration by the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR), with particular attention to research that can support and complement the work of the National Institutes of Health. By addressing the range of interactions among social settings, behavioral patterns, and important health concerns, it highlights areas of scientific opportunity where significant investment is most likely to improve nationalâ€"and globalâ€"health outcomes. These opportunities will apply the knowledge and methods of the behavioral and social sciences to contemporary health needs, and give attention to the chief health concerns of the general public.

Download or read book Women s Empowerment and Nutrition written by Mara van den Bold and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many development programs that aim to alleviate poverty and improve investments in human capital consider women’s empowerment a key pathway by which to achieve impact and often target women as their main beneficiaries. Despite this, women’s empowerment dimensions are often not rigorously measured and are at times merely assumed. This paper starts by reflecting on the concept and measurement of women’s empowerment and then reviews some of the structural interventions that aim to influence underlying gender norms in society and eradicate gender discrimination. It then proceeds to review the evidence of the impact of three types of interventions—cash transfer programs, agricultural interventions, and microfinance programs—on women’s empowerment, nutrition, or both. Qualitative evidence on conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs generally points to positive impacts on women’s empowerment, although quantitative research findings are more heterogenous. CCT programs produce mixed results on long-term nutritional status, and very limited evidence exists of their impacts on micronutrient status. The little evidence available on unconditional cash transters (UCT) indicates mixed impacts on women’s empowerment and positive impacts on nutrition; however, recent reviews comparing CCT and UCT programs have found little difference in terms of their effects on stunting and they have found that conditionality is less important than other factors, such as access to healthcare and child age and sex. Evidence of cash transfer program impacts depending on the gender of the transfer recipient or on the conditionality is also mixed, although CCTs with non-health conditionalities seem to have negative impacts on nutritional status. The impacts of programs based on the gender of the transfer recipient show mixed results, but almost no experimental evidence exists of testing gender-differentiated impacts of a single program. Agricultural interventions—specifically home gardening and dairy projects—show mixed impacts on women’s empowerment measures such as time, workload, and control over income; but they demonstrate very little impact on nutrition. Implementation modalities are shown to determine differential impacts in terms of empowerment and nutrition outcomes. With regard to the impact of microfinance on women’s empowerment, evidence is also mixed, although more recent reviews do not find any impact on women’s empowerment. The impact of microfinance on nutritional status is mixed, with no evidence of impact on micronutrient status. Across all three types of programs (cash transfer programs, agricultural interventions, and microfinance programs), very little evidence exists on pathways of impact, and evidence is often biased toward a particular region. The paper ends with a discussion of the findings and remaining evidence gaps and an outline of recommendations for research.

Download or read book Vibrant and Healthy Kids written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are the foundation of the United States, and supporting them is a key component of building a successful future. However, millions of children face health inequities that compromise their development, well-being, and long-term outcomes, despite substantial scientific evidence about how those adversities contribute to poor health. Advancements in neurobiological and socio-behavioral science show that critical biological systems develop in the prenatal through early childhood periods, and neurobiological development is extremely responsive to environmental influences during these stages. Consequently, social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors significantly affect a child's health ecosystem and ability to thrive throughout adulthood. Vibrant and Healthy Kids: Aligning Science, Practice, and Policy to Advance Health Equity builds upon and updates research from Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity (2017) and From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development (2000). This report provides a brief overview of stressors that affect childhood development and health, a framework for applying current brain and development science to the real world, a roadmap for implementing tailored interventions, and recommendations about improving systems to better align with our understanding of the significant impact of health equity.

Download or read book Maternal and Child Health in India written by Mousumi Dutta and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-07-12 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the process of information diffusion and the challenges of spreading awareness about maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes in India, with a special focus on Bihar – a state in eastern India. Investing in the health of women and children results in significant and long-lasting economic and social benefits to society. Analysing the National Family Health Survey data, the volume explores the role that access to information has on the adoption of MCH practices. It also explores regional variations – between Empowered Action Group (EAG) states and non-EAG states and also across EAG states – in the impact of information networks. Using appropriate econometric methods, the authors study the role of peer effects and grass-roots health workers in bringing about a change in attitude within communities. The book looks at the process of information dissemination between the grass-roots health workers and the target women and brings to the forefront the intricacies of patriarchal family dynamics that hinder women from accessing basic maternal and child healthcare needs. Based on grass-roots experiences, the book provides sharp insights from the field for the benefit of researchers, policymakers, and activists. Rich in empirical data, this book will be of interest to academics and researchers of development economics, public health policy and practice, community health, healthcare administration and management, primary healthcare and family practice, and health and social care.

Download or read book The Impact on Healthcare Experiences on Black Maternal Health Outcomes written by Glory K. Ogbaa and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Black maternal health crisis in the United States is a critical public health issue that disproportionately affects Black women, who experience significantly higher rates of maternal mortality and pregnancy-related complications compared to women of other races. This capstone paper investigated the complex, multifactorial causes underlying this crisis, and the consequences of this crisis on Black mothers, their families, and the broader community. Drawing upon social constructionism and intersectionality, this research project utilized a focus group with doulas and maternal Black women to gather data on Black women's experiences in healthcare and to understand how various social, cultural, and structural factors shape the experiences of Black women during pregnancy and childbirth. Analysis revealed barriers to responsive and effective care (systemic impact of racism on the significant role of health care providers, disbelief in pain tolerance, leading to inadequate attention to concerns, nonchalance, dismissiveness, lack of empathy and distrust with providers) and factors contributing to responsive and effective care (providing support through various means, advocacy, environmental support, creating awareness, access to quality services, experienced and knowledgeable doctors, and preference for Black doctors as providers). The results informed the creation of a comprehensive support group curriculum facilitated by social workers. The implications for social workers are profound, highlighting the necessity for them to act as advocates and educators, promoting the establishment of such support groups as a pivotal step towards mitigating health disparities and enhancing the well-being of Black maternal mothers.

Download or read book Shaping Demand and Practices to Improve Family Health Outcomes written by M. E. Khan and published by SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited. This book was released on 2012-08-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These two volumes, covering UP and Bihar respectively, provide valuable information on family dynamics that could be used to develop a comprehensive behavior change communication (BCC) strategy on family health in northern India. The study focuses on increasing the adoption of eight family-health behaviors that have a significant bearing on Millennium Development Goals.

Download or read book Reclaiming the Feminist Vision written by Janet L. Freedman and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2014-05-16 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's called consciousness-raising (CR). Asking questions about our experiences and sharing insights and analyses with others can be the basis for informed activism for positive social change. CR provided the entry point for feminists who shaped the women's liberation movement in the late 1960s and 1970s, and is now being revitalized across class, race and geography in face-to-face groups and on the internet. Reclaiming the Feminist Vision traces the origins, principles and impact of consciousness-raising; reveals how the process migrated to other settings, sometimes maintaining the original political intent and sometimes diluting it. The book calls for the renewal of the practice to help feminists regain their voices and their power in shaping social movement history.

Download or read book The role of social identity in shaping economic choices Evidence from women s self help groups in India written by Alvi, Muzna Fatima and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2019-12-24 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Group-based interventions are fast gaining traction in developing countries, often bolstering existing government service delivery systems. Such groups provide development programs with a means of extending their reach to households and individuals that might otherwise not seek public goods and services. However, the very reliance on the notion of “community” in these programs can constrain participation to those with a shared identity. In India, shared caste identity remains a central, and often controversial, element in many community-based programs. We explore the salience of caste identity with a field experiment conducted among women’s self-help groups in an eastern state of India. The experiment focused on the provision of information on nutrition, diet, and kitchen gardens. Specifically, we test the interplay between (a) the provision of information to self-help groups and (b) the caste identity of the information provider relative to the group’s caste identity, to assess what matters more –the message or the messenger. We randomize two treatments – an information treatment and ahomophily treatment – and measure the effect of these treatments on two outcomes: group members’willingness to contribute to a group-owned club good (a collectively managed kitchen garden), andindividual members’ retention of the information they received. We find that (1) information is veryimportant, (2) homophily, or shared caste identity with the information provider, is not that important,but (3) higher-caste information providers elicit greater willingness to contribute. These findings haveseveral implications for the design of public programs that rely on community-based organizations andagents as implementing partners and may thus be susceptible to identity issues, such as the exclusionof lower castes from certain occupations, public spaces or public goods.

Download or read book Prenatal Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prenatal care programs have proven effective in improving birth outcomes and preventing low birthweight. Yet over one-fourth of all pregnant women in the United States do not begin prenatal care in the first 3 months of pregnancy, and for some groupsâ€"such as black teenagersâ€"participation in prenatal care is declining. To find out why, the authors studied 30 prenatal care programs and analyzed surveys of mothers who did not seek prenatal care. This new book reports their findings and offers specific recommendations for improving the nation's maternity system and increasing the use of prenatal care programs.

Download or read book Improving Access to Maternal Health Care in Rural Communities written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue brief examines the effects of hospital closures, access to care, insurance coverage, and workforce supply and distribution on access to healthcare for rural women.

Download or read book Global Health and the Future Role of the United States written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While much progress has been made on achieving the Millenium Development Goals over the last decade, the number and complexity of global health challenges has persisted. Growing forces for globalization have increased the interconnectedness of the world and our interdependency on other countries, economies, and cultures. Monumental growth in international travel and trade have brought improved access to goods and services for many, but also carry ongoing and ever-present threats of zoonotic spillover and infectious disease outbreaks that threaten all. Global Health and the Future Role of the United States identifies global health priorities in light of current and emerging world threats. This report assesses the current global health landscape and how challenges, actions, and players have evolved over the last decade across a wide range of issues, and provides recommendations on how to increase responsiveness, coordination, and efficiency â€" both within the U.S. government and across the global health field.

Download or read book WHO Recommendations for Augmentation of Labour written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2014 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimizing outcomes for women in labor at the global level requires evidence-based guidance of health workers to improve care through appropriate patient selection and use of effective interventions. In this regard, the World Health Organization (WHO) published recommendations for induction of labor in 2011. The goal of the present guideline is to consolidate the guidance for effective interventions that are needed to reduce the global burden of prolonged labor and its consequences. The primary target audience includes health professionals responsible for developing national and local health protocols and policies, as well as obstetricians, midwives, nurses, general medical practitioners, managers of maternal and child health programs, and public health policy-makers in all settings.

Download or read book Public Health Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: