Download or read book The Effect of Sediment and Turbidity on the Fish Community of an Ohio Headwater Stream written by Creighton Talbot Freeman and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Critical Review of the Effects of Turbidity on Aquatic Organisms in Large Rivers written by Paul A. Vohs and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Landscape and Local Influences on the Biotic Integrity of Fish Communities in Ohio Headwater Streams written by Donna S. McCollum and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stream ecosystems are holistic systems that incorporate disturbances and abiotic influences at many spatial and temporal scales. This view supports a three-tiered model of variables that determine biotic integrity in streams, with causes and effects flowing from large-scale to fine-scale processes. Tier One characteristics include variables important at the scale of geomorphological processes and land use over entire watersheds. These variables largely determine Tier Two factors, abiotic conditions in a stream reach. Tier Two variables, in turn, largely structure the Tier Three variables, the stream's biotic communities. Through field studies and GIS analysis, relationships among these three tiers of variables were examined in this research to explore the question of how agriculture exerts its influence on stream fishes. This study investigated 27 streams, in two ecoregions and the transition area, or ecotone, between them, in south-central Ohio. The study design allowed questions to be asked concerning the relative influence of geomorphology and land use in varied landscapes, as well as relative impacts of watershed versus riparian land use. The region also contained relatively equal proportions of three types of agriculture (hay, row crops, and pasture) allowing the study to address the question of which land use might be most harmful to stream fish. This study supported the importance of row crop agriculture, finding it to be the most degrading type of agriculture for stream fish, but also found pasture to be an important causal factor in stream community degradation. This study also supported the importance of riparian buffers, finding riparian agriculture to be more degrading than agriculture over the entire watershed. A more interesting finding is the suggestion that a minor amount of nutrient enrichment from agricultural land use may benefit streams that are naturally oligotrophic. A possible mechanism could be increased primary production, which increases macroinvertebrate density, and provides a larger food base for fishes. This study also reports the possible existence of a biodiversity "hotspot" in the transitional region between the two ecoregions. Some evidence exists that greater habitat heterogeneity increases species richness, suggesting a possible cause for higher biodiversity in this ecotonal region. Since habitat heterogeneity over whole streams was not measured in this study, both the existence and mechanism of such a hotspot needs more study. A final conclusion is that geomorphology and agricultural land use may be equally important in structuring stream conditions, and thus, biological stream communities. This study illustrates the difficulties associated with overlapping causes and effects in complex systems such as streams and their catchments. Several variables in the study reported here required examination at multiple scales and with multiple statistical techniques in order to understand relationships that varied across different regions. The effects of a particular agricultural variable were not always equal in the diverse landscapes of southern Ohio. Lotic ecologists must examine a variety of ecoregions, and incorporate a variety of scales with a variety of analytic tools, if predictive stream ecology is to become a reality.

Download or read book Effects of Suspended Solids and Sediment of Reproduction and Early Life of Warmwater Fishes written by Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aldo Leopold, father of the "land ethic," once said, "The time has come for science to busy itself with the earth itself. The first step is to reconstruct a sample of what we had to begin with." The concept he expressedâ€"restorationâ€"is defined in this comprehensive new volume that examines the prospects for repairing the damage society has done to the nation's aquatic resources: lakes, rivers and streams, and wetlands. Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems outlines a national strategy for aquatic restoration, with practical recommendations, and features case studies of aquatic restoration activities around the country. The committee examines: Key concepts and techniques used in restoration. Common factors in successful restoration efforts. Threats to the health of the nation's aquatic ecosystems. Approaches to evaluation before, during, and after a restoration project. The emerging specialties of restoration and landscape ecology.

Download or read book The Effect of Dredging on Fish Communities in Agricultural Streams in Crawford Sandusky and Seneca Counties of Ohio written by Justin D. Selden and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural streams provide infrastructure for flood control and are periodically straightened and dredged to maintain their efficiency to drain farm land. These streams also serve as headwaters and may provide important spawning and refuge habitat for native fish. Twenty study sites were selected in Sandusky, Crawford and Seneca counties (Ohio) and sampled for habitat and fish community variables in June and September during each of four years (2008-2011). Sites had to (1) be surrounded by agricultural land, (2) likely hold water in the summer, (3) lack canopy cover, (4) represent varying times since last dip-out, and (5) have landowner permission for access. I included streams from both lake plain and morainal regions. Measures of stream morphology, time-since-last-dredging and selected habitat variables were correlated with fish community metrics such as abundance, richness, Simpson's Index, Shannon Diversity, and Index of Biotic Integrity. Fish communities were assessed using block seines in 50 m stream segments. Captured fish were identified to species, counted, assigned to an age class, inspected for gravidity and DELT, and released outside of the sampling segment downstream to prevent recapture. A total of 38,074 individual fish were sampled belonging to 35 species. Fathead minnow (10,068), creek chub (5,252), bluntnose minnow (4,737), central stoneroller (4,185), blacknose dace (3,942), blackstripe topminnow (3,803) and Johnny darter (1474) were most common and comprised 88% of the total fish catch. Non-native fish (wild goldfish, common carp, and mosquitofish) comprised only 0.1% of the total abundance. Adult fish data were combined into a June and September dataset to produce a more robust dataset and minimize pseudo replication. Channel morphology, expressed per site as the coefficient of variation of 11 wetted-stream width measurements (CoV-H) correlated weakly with year-since-last-dip-out (r=0.35, p=0.11) with a non-linear regression predicting only 14% of the variation. The coefficient of variation of 11 maximum water depth measurements (CoV-V) did not correlate with year-since-last-dip-out. Only IBI was significantly linked with CoV-V for the combined June and the combined September data (r=53, p=0.02; r=0.60, p=0.01, respectively). Using a non-parametric approach (Mann-Whitney), sites in morainal regions displayed a significantly higher CoV-V (z=3.08; p=0.002), whereas the difference in CoV-H approached significance (z=1.79; p=0.074). Lake plain and morainal sample sites did not differ in their year-since-last-dip-out (z=0.80; p=0.424) and IBI was the only fish community variable that was significantly higher in morainal streams than in lake plain sites for June and September (z=2.43; p=0.015 and z=2.28; 0.023, respectively). Cluster analysis did not produce obvious groupings based on physiography, location in the watershed or season of sampling. The fish community composition in each stream, however, is impacted by a multitude of biotic and abiotic factors that are difficult to separate. Agricultural streams provide habitat to a great number of fish and a substantial number of native species. Such environmental considerations should be considered in the management of these man-made streams.

Download or read book Effects of the Toledo Ohio Metroparks on Stream Quality and Fish Community Structure written by Melanie M. Marshall and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Watershed Urbanization Impacts to Headwater Streams in Northeastern Ohio written by Keely Marie Davidson-Bennett and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Watershed urbanization has been associated with declines in biodiversity and decreases in the proportion of pollution intolerant organisms. Some of these changes in community composition may be due to increased stormwater runoff from urbanized watersheds. In order to better understand how streamflow patterns change along a putative stormwater impact gradient and which abiotic factors may be driving shifts in macroinvertebrate community composition, we studied the hydrology, chemistry, and biology in six small streams in the Rocky River Watershed, northeastern Ohio. According to Ohio EPA classification, three of these streams were primary headwater streams, draining 0.41 to 1.22 km2; three headwater streams drained 3.47 to 7.25 km2. We measured flow at each stream using an Isco 2150 area-velocity flow meter from January 17 to December 9, 2010. We sampled each stream for macroinvertebrates and water and sediment chemistry three times: June 21 - 26, August 9 - 11, and September 30 - October 10, 2010.

Download or read book The Effects of Toxic Contaminants Transported by Sediments in Experimental Headwater Stream Ecosystems written by Terence P. Boyle and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Turbidity on Fish and Fishing Classic Reprint written by D. Homer Buck and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-22 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Effects of Turbidity on Fish and Fishing The role of soil erosion in land management has been well documented. Its influence on the productivity of our inland waters has received relatively little attention. While it is widely recognized that turbidities caused by erosion silt are generally harmful to the aquatic community, little quantita tive data exists as to its effects on fish growth and reproduction, basic food production, and fishing success. The purpose of this investigation has been to categorize and measure some of the influences of erosion silt on fish and fishing in ponds and reservoirs of Oklahoma. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Using in Situ Turbidity to Estimate Sediment Loads in Forested Headwater Streams written by Matthew W. Meadows and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Suspended sediment and in situ turbidity data from two western Oregon streams, Oak Creek and South Fork Hinkle Creek, were used to estimate annual sediment loads for the 2006 water year (October 1, 2005 to September 30, 2006). Water samples and in situ turbidity observations were taken following the Turbidity Threshold Sampling (TTS) protocol. The annual hydrographs for Oak Creek and South Fork Hinkle Creek were divided into storms. This stratification resulted in storm-specific relationships between in situ turbidity and Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC). The annual hydrograph for Oak Creek was separated into 15 storms. The annual hydrograph for South Fork Hinkle Creek was separated into 8 storms. In the relationship between SSC and in situ turbidity, especially for Oak Creek, there are counterintuitive values. Before statistical relationships between suspended sediment concentration and in situ turbidity could be developed, these counterintuitive and erroneous values had to be vetted. This was carried out with values of laboratory turbidity, hydrograph characteristics, and hysteresis loops. Observations of in situ turbidity considered erroneous were adjusted manually with the TTS-adjuster program. The estimates of sediment load determined with the TTS approach were defined as the true sediment load in the stream. The observations of in situ turbidity that were considered erroneous were also adjusted with a Turbidity-Threshold Macro (TTM), which automatically adjusted the turbidity record. The estimates of sediment load determined with the TTM approach are compared with the estimates of sediment load determined with the TTS approach to determine the efficacy of the TTM method. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of an automated turbidity adjustment program compared with a manual turbidity adjuster, and to determine the efficacy of two in situ turbidity and SSC relationships to predict annual sediment loads. Relationships between SSC and in situ turbidity were made to estimate annual sediment load for Oak and South Fork Hinkle Creeks. The SSC vs. in situ turbidity relationships were made for storm-specific time periods and for the whole water year. Estimates of annual sediment load for Oak Creek were approximately 10 tonnes (2 percent) higher when the TTM-adjustment was made for annual and storm-specific relationships. Estimates of total annual sediment load for Oak Creek were approximately 100 tonnes (17 percent) higher when separate-storm relationships between SSC and in situ turbidity were used compared to an annual relationship. The estimates of annual sediment load at South Fork Hinkle Creek were much lower when the TTM-adjustment was compared to the TTS-adjusted record. When the annual relationship between in situ turbidity and SSC was used the estimate of annual sediment load for South Fork Hinkle Creek was 1,336 tonnes for TTM-adjusted turbidity data, compared to 1,526 tonnes for TTS-adjusted turbidity data. Estimates of total annual sediment load for South Fork Hinkle Creek were approximately 700-800 tonnes lower when the separate-storm relationships between SSC and in situ turbidity were used, compared to an annual relationship. The TTM method for adjusting in situ turbidity records was useful to remove spikes of in situ turbidity. In the case of Oak Creek, the TTM-adjuster worked satisfactorily. However, in the case of South Fork Hinkle Creek, the TTM-adjuster did not work as well. For neither stream was the TTM-adjuster able to recreate the record that resulted from the TTS-adjuster. A TTM-adjuster appears to be able to work well but it would be best used in conjunction with a final adjustment using the TTS-adjuster. Thus, a hybrid approach that uses the strengths of both approaches might be the best approach. The TTM-adjuster as presented in this thesis is not a finished product. No method was developed to calibrate a data set to a TTM threshold value. Thus, while a bottom-up, TTM-adjuster program to edit and adjust records of in situ turbidity appears to be viable, the details of the method are not perfected and it remains a work in progress. Both annual and storm specific relationships between in situ turbidity and SSC can be used to estimate sediment loads in streams. The record of success for these two methods depended on the stream. Oak Creek had a lot of samples (294) and the data was well-behaved. For that stream both approaches seemed to work well. However, South Fork Hinkle Creek had fewer samples (138) and the data was not as well behaved. It is probably best to use annual relationships when data is sparse or poorly behaved. Also, annual data alleviates the problem, to a degree, of extrapolating beyond the range of data that could be a problem for storm-specific relationships.

Download or read book Effects of urban development on stream ecosystems in nine metropolitan study areas across the United States written by James F. Coles and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Hydrologic Modifications on Aquatic Biota Stream Hydrology and Water Quality written by D. A. Crandall and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chronic Urban Pollution written by Robin John Reash and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Fishes of Ohio written by Milton Bernhard Trautman and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents historical changes in fish distribution in the face of man's encroachment and alteration of aquatic ecosystems.

Download or read book Ohio s Fish Program written by Ohio. Department of Agriculture. Division of Conservation and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Influence of Network Structure Habitat Fragmentation and Faunal Sources on Aquatic Communities in Headwater Streams written by Sean D. Sipple and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Headwater streams comprise the majority of the stream network, providing important ecological functions to the downstream network. Although we are beginning to understand how network structure may influence fish, our understanding of how it influences benthic macroinvertebrate dispersal and population connectivity is limited. We also know little about how these patterns and processes may be disrupted as a result of human-driven landscape change such as stream barriers to movement and creation of artificial habitats such as stormwater and farm ponds. In this study, I investigated the effect of stream network position, stream size, and local habitat on benthic macroinvertebrates, and determined to what degree road crossings and impoundments may be degrading benthic macroinvertebrate and fish communities in headwater streams. These mechanisms were explored using Maryland Department of Natural Resources, (MDNR) Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS) benthic macroinvertebrate, fish, and environmental data from first-order streams in the Piedmont region of Maryland. Using an Information Theoretic Approach (ITA), models were developed based on the hypothesized relationships between benthic macroinvertebrate and fish community structure and several network and anthropogenic impact variables. Based on my results, aquatic community structure was dependent on local habitat conditions and stream network structure. Both assemblages responded negatively to roads, which may suggest an isolation effect. These results also suggest that impoundments are acting as sources for benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, including non-native species.