Download or read book The Effect of Noise and Sound Field FM Amplification Upon the Speech Perception Abilities of Bilingual and Monolingual Students written by Marisol Vincenty-Luyando and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sound field FM Amplification written by Carl C. Crandell and published by Singular. This book was released on 1995 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONTENTSForeword by Mark Ross, Ph.D. Preface. Contributors. Acknowledgments. Part A: A Theoretical Foundation for the Use of Sound-Field FM Amplification. Rationale for the Use of Sound-Field FM Amplification Systems in Classrooms. Speech-Perception Processes in Children. Speech Perception in the Classroom. Speech Perception in Specific Populations. Part B: Practical Applications of Sound-Field Amplification. Acoustic Measurements in Classrooms. Acoustical Modifications Within Schools. Identifying and Managing the Learning Environment. Sound-Field Amplification: A Review of the Literature. Considerations and Strategies for Amplifying the Classroom. Inservice Training for the Classroom Teacher. Listening Strategies for Teachers and Students. Marketing Sound-Field Amplification Systems. Index.

Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Bilingualism on Speech Recognition Performance in Noise written by Mitzarie A. Carlo and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: This study examined the effects of bilingualism on speech recognition in noise performance of young normal-hearing Spanish-English bilinguals across several signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The estimated signal-to-noise ratio needed for 50% correct recognition performance obtained for bilingual listeners was compared to young normal-hearing monolingual listeners of both English and Spanish. The estimated mean SNR needed for 50% correct recognition was significantly higher (i.e., poorer) for the bilingual than for the monolingual English listeners. The Spanish language performance of the bilingual listeners did not significantly differ from that of the monolingual Spanish listeners. The bilinguals were then divided into subgroups based on age of acquisition of the second language. Bilinguals were subdivided into early and later learners of English and further comparisons were made. The average estimated SNR needed for 50% correct recognition for the early bilinguals did not differ statistically from that of monolingual listeners in either the English or the Spanish language testing. The SNR obtained for 50% correct recognition of English words was significantly higher for the late bilinguals than for the monolingual English listeners. For Spanish words, the mean SNRs obtained for 50% correct recognition for the later bilinguals and the monolingual Spanish speakers did not differ statistically from one another. These results suggest that caution should be used when assessing speech-in-noise performance in the second language of bilingual patients because separate norms may be needed for this population. Age of acquisition of the second language should be considered as a confounding factor in speech-in-noise performance of bilingual listeners.

Download or read book Cross language Speech Perception in Context written by Cynthia Patricia Blanco and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores the relationship between language experience and sensitivity to language-specific segmental cues by comparing cross-language speech perception in monolingual English listeners and Spanish-English bilinguals. The three studies in this project use a novel language categorization task to test language-segment associations in listeners’ first and second languages. Listener sensitivity is compared at two stages of development and across a variety of language backgrounds. These studies provide a more complete analysis of listeners’ language-specific phonological categories than offered in previous work by using word-length stimuli to evaluate segments in phonological contexts and by testing speech perception in listeners’ first language as well as their second language. The inclusion of bilingual children also allows connections to be drawn between previous work on infants’ perception of segments and the sensitivities of bilingual adults. In three experiments, participants categorized nonce words containing different classes of English- and Spanish-specific sounds as sounding more English-like or Spanish-like; target segments were either a phonemic cue, a cue for which there is no analogous sound in the other language, or a phonetic cue, a cue for which English and Spanish share the category but for which each language varies in its phonetic implementation. The results reveal a largely consistent categorization pattern across target segments. Listeners from all groups succeeded and struggled with the same subsets of language-specific segments. The same pattern of results held in a task where more time was given to make categorization decisions. Interestingly, for some segments the late bilinguals were significantly more accurate than monolingual and early bilingual listeners, and this was the case for the English phonemic cues. There were few differences in the sensitivity of monolinguals and early bilinguals to language-specific cues, suggesting that the early bilinguals’ exposure to Spanish did not fundamentally change their representations of English phonology, but neither did their proficiency in Spanish give them an advantage over monolinguals. The comparison of adult listeners with children indicates that the Spanish-speaking children who grow to be early bilingual adults categorize segments more accurately than monolinguals – a pattern that is neutralized in the adult results. These findings suggest that variation in listener sensitivity to language-specific cues is largely driven by inherent differences in the salience of the segments themselves. Listener language experience modulates the salience of some of these sounds, and these differences in cross-language speech perception may reflect how recently a language was learned and under what circumstances.

Download or read book Evaluating Sound Field Amplification Technology in New Brunswick Schools written by Rhonda Rubin and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Purpose) The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of classroom sound field amplification on communication in kindergarten through grade 3 classrooms. (Methodology) Sixty classrooms were involved in the study; half of the classrooms were provided with sound field amplification. The flow of communication was measured through classroom observation. A qualitative component of the study involved semi-structured interviews and open-ended questions with teachers and students. In addition, acoustic measures were recorded using a sound level meter and hearing screenings of the students were completed. (Results) The flow of communication in amplified classrooms improved in most areas studied. Teachers and students felt that the amplification technology enhanced the learning process. Themes that emerged included improved signal to noise ratio in the classroom, enhanced learning, inclusion of students with special needs, more efficacious communication, and learning to use the technology. Acoustic measures showed that students were often working in below standard classroom listening conditions and hearing screenings revealed a prevalence of hearing problems between 12%-29%. (Conclusions) Amplification technology can be beneficial in elementary classrooms. [New Brunswick Department of Education funded this pilot research project.].

Download or read book Sound Field Amplification written by Carl C. Crandell and published by Singular. This book was released on 2005 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This much-anticipated new edition of Sound Field Amplification continues its reign as the only communication sciences book devoted to sound field amplification. Both professionals and students will benefit from the presentation of the theoretical foundations of sound field amplification and its practical applications. Readers will appreciate the straightforward and comprehensive approach to topics such as how children "learn" to hear and how acoustics affects the learning ability of all children. The new edition continues to provide a solid foundation to understanding why the topic of sound field amplification should be included in any discussion of what is needed to ensure success in children's learning. The book also provides the information necessary to conduct sound surveys, obtain funding for amplification systems, and act within the parameters of the laws and regulations governing this topic.

Download or read book Programming Cochlear Implants written by Jace Wolfe and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-31 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Perspectives on the Bilingual Advantage Challenges and Opportunities written by Peter Bright and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The claim that multilanguage acquisition drives advantages in ‘executive function’ is currently an issue of vigorous debate in academic literature. Critics argue that evidence for this advantage has been confounded by unsound or questionable methodological practices, with some investigators abandoning research in this area altogether, indicating either that there is no bilingual advantage or that it is impossible to capture and therefore rule out alternative explanations for group differences. Over the past decade, and against this backdrop, theory has developed from a relatively narrow focus on inhibitory control to incorporate theory of mind, rule-based learning, reactive and proactive control, visuo-spatial memory, and control of verbal interference in speech comprehension. Most recently, authors have claimed that the process of becoming bilingual may also impact on metacognitive abilities. The fundamental issue is whether the limited capacity and goal-directed selectivity of our executive system can somehow be enhanced or otherwise profit from the continuous, intense competition associated with communicating in multilingual environments. However, although this issue has received much attention in academic literature, the question of which cognitive mechanisms are most influenced by the enhanced competition associated with multilingual contexts remains unresolved. Therefore, rather than dismissing this important topic, we advocate a more systematic approach in which the effects of multilinguistic experience are assessed and interpreted across well-defined stages of cognitive development. We encourage a broad, developmentally informed approach to plotting the trajectory of interactions between multi-language learning and cognitive development, using a convergence of neuroimaging and behavioral methods, across the whole lifespan. Moreover, we suggest that the current theoretical framing of the bilingual advantage is simplistic, and this issue may limit attempts to identify specific mechanisms most likely to be modulated by multilingual experience. For example, there is a tendency in academic literature to treat ‘executive function’ as an essentially unitary fronto-parietal system recruited in response to all manner of cognitive demand, yet performance across so called ‘executive function’ tasks is highly variable and intercorrelations are sometimes low. It may be the case that some ‘higher level’ mechanisms of 'executive function' remain relatively unaffected, while others are more sensitive to multilingual experience – and that there may be disadvantages as well as advantages, which themselves may be sensitive to factors such as age. In our view, there is an urgent need to take a more fine-grained approach to this issue, so that the strength and direction of changes in diverse cognitive abilities associated with multilanguage acquisition can be better understood. This book compiles work from psychologists and neuroscientists who actively research whether, how, and the extent to which multilanguage acquisition promotes enhanced cognition or protects against age-related cognitive or neurological deterioration. We hope this collection encourages future efforts to drive theoretical progress well beyond the highly simplistic issue of whether the bilingual cognitive advantage is real or spurious.

Download or read book Educational Audiology Handbook Third Edition written by Cheryl DeConde Johnson and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Educational Audiology Handbook, Third Edition, offers a roadmap for audiologists who work in schools or other providers who support school-based audiology services. As the gold standard text in the field, the handbook provides guidelines and blueprints for creating and maintaining high-quality educational audiology programs. Educational audiologists will also find guidance for achieving full integration into a school staff. Within this comprehensive and practical resource, there are a range of tools, including assessment guidelines, protocols and forms, useful information for students, families, school staff, and community partners, as well as legal and reference documents. New to the Third Edition: * All chapters revised to reflect current terminology and best practices * A new feature called “Nuggets from the Field” which offers practical information from experienced educational audiologists currently working in school settings * Revised and updated chapter on legislative and policy essentials * Latest perspectives on auditory processing deficits * Contemporary focus on student wellness and social competence * Expanded information and resources for access to general education * Updated perspectives on hearing loss prevention * New information on the development of remote audiology practices * Materials and recommendations to support interprofessional collaboration * Updated and more comprehensive technology information with multiple handouts and worksheets * Resources for students in all current learning environments * Expanded focus on coaching to support students and school staff Disclaimer: Please note that ancillary content (such as documents, audio, and video, etc.) may not be included as published in the original print version of this book.

Download or read book Human Auditory Development written by Lynne A. Werner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-13 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book overviews auditory development in nonhuman species and proposes a common time frame for human and nonhuman auditory development. It attempts to explain the mechanisms accounting for age-related change in several domains of auditory processing.

Download or read book Children with Specific Language Impairment written by Laurence B. Leonard and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children with Specific Language Impairment covers all aspects of SLI, including its history, possible genetic and neurobiological origins, and clinical and educational practice.

Download or read book Cognition Language and Aging written by Heather Harris Wright and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-03-16 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Age-related changes in cognitive and language functions have been extensively researched over the past half-century. The older adult represents a unique population for studying cognition and language because of the many challenges that are presented with investigating this population, including individual differences in education, life experiences, health issues, social identity, as well as gender. The purpose of this book is to provide an advanced text that considers these unique challenges and assembles in one source current information regarding (a) language in the aging population and (b) current theories accounting for age-related changes in language function. A thoughtful and comprehensive review of current research spanning different disciplines that study aging will achieve this purpose. Such disciplines include linguistics, psychology, sociolinguistics, neurosciences, cognitive sciences, and communication sciences. As of January 2019, this e-book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched.

Download or read book Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology written by Giovanni Battista Varile and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Languages, in all their forms, are the more efficient and natural means for people to communicate. Enormous quantities of information are produced, distributed and consumed using languages. Human language technology's main purpose is to allow the use of automatic systems and tools to assist humans in producing and accessing information, to improve communication between humans, and to assist humans in communicating with machines. This book, sponsored by the Directorate General XIII of the European Union and the Information Science and Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation, USA, offers the first comprehensive overview of the human language technology field.

Download or read book Broca s Region written by Yosef Grodzinsky and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-20 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Broca's region has been in the news ever since scientists realized that particular cognitive functions could be localized to parts of the cerebral cortex. Its discoverer, Paul Broca, was one of the first researchers to argue for a direct connection between a concrete behavior--in this case, the use of language--and a specific cortical region. Today, Broca's region is perhaps the most famous part of the human brain, and for over a century, has persisted as the focus of intense research and numerous debates. The name has even penetrated mainstream culture through popular science and the theater. Broca's region is famous for a good reason: As language is one of the most distinctive human traits, the cognitive mechanisms that support it and the tissues in which these mechanisms are housed are also quite complex, and so have the potential to reveal a lot not only about how words, phrases, sentences, and grammatical rules are instantiated in neural tissue, but also, and more broadly, about how brain function relates to behavior. Paul Broca's discoveries were an important, driving force behind the more general effort to relate complex behavior to particular parts of the cerebral cortex, which, significantly, produced the first brain maps.These early studies also, however, suffered from the use of crude techniques, definitions, and distinctions, as well as from ill founded and misdirected assumptions. Although much has been discovered since Broca's work, even today, these problems have not been completely solved. Nonetheless, particularly as a result of important advances made in neuroimaging during the past two decades, Broca's region and all language areas are currently being investigated from every angle. Indeed, as the volume of research into the relations between brain and language has created several communities, each with its own concepts, methods, and considerations, it seemed that it was time to stop, get together, and reflect on the state of the art.This book is the result of that collective reflection, which took place primarily at the Broca's Region Workshop, held in Julich and Aachen, Germany, in June 2004. In it, Yosef Grodzinsky and Katrin Amunts tried to accomplish a nearly impossible task: to mix intellectual traditions and cultures, and juxtapose rather disparate bodies of knowledge, styles of reasoning, and forms of argumentation. Participants were scientists with diverse backgrounds; each invited to contribute his/her particular take, with the hope that a coherent, perhaps even novel, picture would emerge. All of the participants have a special interest in Broca's Region, and represent the myriad angles from which we currently approach it: neuroanatomy, physiology, evolutionary biology, cognitive psychology, clinical neurology, functional imaging, speech and language research, computational biology, and psycho-, neuro-, and theoretical linguistics. The book's main chapters are the contributions of the Workshop's participants and their research teams. Parts of the discussion during the Workshop are included to underscore the richness of viewpoints, and to give readers an idea of the level of interaction that took place. As Broca's region is such a historically significant concept and rich area, this book contains a collection of classic and recent-yet-classic papers. Along with cutting-edge science, Grodzinsky and Amunts want to remind readers of the celebrated past from which much can be learned. The historical chapters include the first two papers written by Paul Broca, as well some work by two of the most important neurologists of the nineteenth century, Ludwig Lichtheim and John Hughlings-Jackson. Also included are parts of twentieth century papers by Korbinian Brodmann, Roman Jakobson, Norman Geschwind, Harold Goodglass, and Jay Mohr. Because this book both reflects the state of the art in Broca's-region research and contains a tribute to its celebrated past, it will be a valuable resource for student and professional researchers. It will also stimulate further interdisciplinary research, which is a significant contribution, as the project called "Broca's region," encompassing the study of brain/language relations, is far from finished.

Download or read book How the Brain Evolved Language written by Donald Loritz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-02-28 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can an infinite number of sentences be generated from one human mind? How did language evolve in apes? In this book Donald Loritz addresses these and other fundamental and vexing questions about language, cognition, and the human brain. He starts by tracing how evolution and natural adaptation selected certain features of the brain to perform communication functions, then shows how those features developed into designs for human language. The result -- what Loritz calls an adaptive grammar -- gives a unified explanation of language in the brain and contradicts directly (and controversially) the theory of innateness proposed by, among others, Chomsky and Pinker.