Download or read book The Effect of Metal Solution Contaminants on the Electro catalyst Activities of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell written by Soghra Jalil Pour Kivi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are considered a clean source of electrical power for future energy demand, creating a potential to reduce our dependency on fossil fuels. Despite their advantages, including high energy density, efficiency and easy handling and distribution of fuel, the commercialization of DMFCs has suffered from some drawbacks, including methanol crossover and contamination of the system. Metal cation contaminants (such as Ni, Co, etc) introduced through the degradation of fuel cell components (bipolar plate and electro-catalyst layer) can significantly affect the Nafion-membrane properties and overall fuel cell performance. In the current study, a systematic approach is taken to characterize and identify the mechanism of the effect of metal solution contaminants on the activities of electro-catalysts of DMFCs. Cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode (RDE) techniques were utilized in order to characterize the effect of various concentrations (i.e., 2x10-x M (x=1-7)) of six metal solution contaminants (i.e., Co, Ni and Zn with sulfate and nitrate as counter-anions) on the voltammetric properties and electro-catalytic activity of polycrystalline Pt during methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The results showed a decrease in the MOR and ORR activities of Pt as the concentration of metal solution increased. The effect of counter-anion on the Pt activity was further investigated. The results showed that a combined effect of counter-anions and metal cations may be responsible for the decrease in the electro-catalytic activity of Pt. The effect of metal solution contaminants on the Nafion-ionomer of anode electro-catalysts was investigated using Nafion-coated Pt electrode. Voltammetric properties and MOR activities of Nafion-coated and bare Pt electrodes in the presence of Ni solution contaminants were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The overall results showed a significant negative effect of Ni solution contaminants on the electro-catalytic activity of bare Pt electrode as compared to the Nafion-coated Pt electrode. Based on the results, it appears that Nafion-ionomer film may interact with metal cations (through its sulfonate groups) and repel them away from the Pt active sites, partially inhibiting the negative effect of metal cations on the Pt activity of Nafion-coated Pt electrode. The effect of metal solution contaminants on the carbon-supported platinum nanoparticle (Pt/C) with various Nafion-ionomer distributions and contents (i.e., Nafion-incorporated Pt/C and Nafion-coated Pt/C electrodes) was further investigated. Cyclic voltammetry and EIS techniques were employed to characterize the effect of Ni solution contaminants on the voltammetric properties and MOR activities of Nafion-incorporated and Nafion-coated Pt/C electrodes. The overall results showed a stronger negative effect of Ni solution contaminants on the electro-catalytic activity of Nafion-incorporated Pt/C electrodes as compared to the Nafion-coated Pt/C electrodes. This further confirms previous observations showing the sulfonate groups of Nafion-ionomer film may attract the Ni metal cations, localize them away from the Pt active sites, and subsequently suppress the negative effect of cations on the activity of Nafion-coated Pt/C electrodes.
Download or read book Electrocatalysis of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Jiujun Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book to focus on a comprehensive description on DMFC electrocatalysis draws a clear picture of the current status of DMFC technology, especially the advances, challenges and perspectives in the field. Leading researchers from universities, government laboratories and fuel cell industries in North America, Europe and Asia share their knowledge and information on recent advances in the fundamental theories, experimental methodologies and research achievements. In order to help readers better understand the science and technology of the subject, some important and representative figures, tables, photos, and comprehensive lists of reference papers are also included, such that all the information needed on this topic may be easily located. An indispensable source for physical, catalytic, electro- and solid state chemists, as well as materials scientists and chemists in industry.
Download or read book Fuel Cell Engineering written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-08-14 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel cells are attractive electrochemical energy converters featuring potentially very high thermodynamic efficiency factors. The focus of this volume of Advances in Chemical Engineering is on quantitative approaches, particularly based on chemical engineering principles, to analyze, control and optimize the steady state and dynamic behavior of low and high temperature fuel cells (PEMFC, DMFC, SOFC) to be applied in mobile and stationary systems. Updates and informs the reader on the latest research findings using original reviews Written by leading industry experts and scholars Reviews and analyzes developments in the field
Download or read book Characterization of Novel Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Hwangchan Yoo and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells written by Minhua Shao and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells" that was published in Catalysts
Download or read book Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Antonio Salvatore Aricò and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with an analysis of materials issues, status of technologies and potential applications of direct methanol fuel cells. The principle of operation of direct methanol fuel cells and the status of knowledge in the basic research areas are presented. The technology of direct methanol fuel cells is discussed in this book with particular regard to fabrication methodologies for the manufacturing of catalysts, electrolytes membrane-electrode assemblies, stack hardware and system design.
Download or read book PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers written by Jiujun Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-26 with total page 1147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising clean energy converting devices with high efficiency and low to zero emissions. Such power sources can be used in transportation, stationary, portable and micro power applications. The key components of these fuel cells are catalysts and catalyst layers. “PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers” provides a comprehensive, in-depth survey of the field, presented by internationally renowned fuel cell scientists. The opening chapters introduce the fundamentals of electrochemical theory and fuel cell catalysis. Later chapters investigate the synthesis, characterization, and activity validation of PEM fuel cell catalysts. Further chapters describe in detail the integration of the electrocatalyst/catalyst layers into the fuel cell, and their performance validation. Researchers and engineers in the fuel cell industry will find this book a valuable resource, as will students of electrochemical engineering and catalyst synthesis.
Download or read book Heteroatom containing Carbon Nanostructures as Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for PEM and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Dieter G. Von Deak and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The main goal of this work was to undertake a fundamental investigation of precious metal-free carbon catalysts nano-structure modification to enable their use as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The sluggish ORR is accelerated by fiscally prohibitive loadings of Pt catalyst. The expense and availability of platinum motivate the development of non-precious metal carbon-nitroge-based ORR catalysts (CNx). The project targets the nature of oxygen reduction reaction active sites and exploring ways to create these sites by molecular tailoring of carbon nano-structures. CNx grown with phosphorous had a significant increase in the ORR active site density. CNx catalyst growth media was prepared by acetonitrile deposition over a Fe and P impregnated MgO. Rotating Ring Disk Electrode (RRDE) Activity and selectivity showed a significant increase in oxygen reduction current with CNx grown with less than a 1:1 molar ratio of P:Fe. Selectivity for the full reduction of dioxygen to water trended with increasing ORR activity for phosphorous grown CNx catalysts. Phosphorus growth altered the morphology of carbon-nitride graphite formed during pyrolysis. The role of the transition metal used to form non-noble metal electrochemical oxygen reduction CNx catalysts was investigated through sulfur and carbon monoxide treatments of the CNx and Pt/carbon electrocatalysts. The intent of poisoning was to show the existence of a non-iron containing electrocatalytic active site in CNx. The sulfur treatment increased the overpotential on a platinum catalyst, but enhanced the current density of the CNx catalyst while leaving the CNx iron phase unchanged. CO in the present of oxygen was found to strongly adsorb to platinum and completely eliminate all oxygen reduction. Under identical conditions, CNx showed a displacement of oxygen due to CO and no oxygen reduction poisoning effect. This suggests that either iron-based active site is sulfur and CO tolerant or that this active site does not participate in the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen in CNx catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of small polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that have a similar electronic structure to carbon-nitride catalyst materials were preformed. A strong correlation between B3LYP method N 1s energies and experimental N 1s energies was established for the PAHs studied. Additionally, experimental ionization potentials that would correspond to electron donation trended strongly with the DFT adiabatic and vertical ionization potentials. The testing and setup of fuel cell test station was accomplished. Bench scale membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were fabricated cell and achieved comparable performance to a commercial MEA constructed from similar materials. A MEA was constructed with a CNx cathode and was found to have fuel cell performance of the same order of magnitude as other graphitic carbon-nitrogen catalysts heat-treated in the presence of a transition metal. Vulcan carbon and CNx catalysts were compared in accelerated carbon corrosion by examining the current of the electrochemically active surface species hydroquinone/quione with cyclic voltammetry after extended potential holds. CNx was found to be more corrosion resistant than Vulcan carbon that is the most commonly used support in fuel cell electrodes.
Download or read book Electrochemical Selectivity and Electro osmosis in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Electrolytes written by Bryan Scott Pivovar and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources written by Jürgen Garche and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 4532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources is a truly interdisciplinary reference for those working with batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells. With a focus on the environmental and economic impact of electrochemical power sources, this five-volume work consolidates coverage of the field and serves as an entry point to the literature for professionals and students alike. Covers the main types of power sources, including their operating principles, systems, materials, and applications Serves as a primary source of information for electrochemists, materials scientists, energy technologists, and engineers Incorporates nearly 350 articles, with timely coverage of such topics as environmental and sustainability considerations
Download or read book Nanocatalysis written by Ulrich Heiz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-27 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocatalysis is one of the most exciting subfields to have emerged from nanoscience. Its central aim is the control of chemical reactions by changing the size, dimensionality, chemical composition and morphology of the reaction center and by changing the kinetics using nanopatterning of the reaction centers. This approach opens up new avenues for atom-by-atom design of nanocatalysts with distinct and tunable chemical activity, specificity, and selectivity. This book is intended to give a pedagogical and methodological overview of this exciting and growing field and to highlight specific examples of current research. In this way, it serves both as an instructive introduction for graduate students who plan to enter the field and as a reference work for scientists already active in this and related areas.
Download or read book Electrode Kinetics and Species Transport in Direct Oxidation Methanol Fuel Cells written by Pertti S. Kauranen and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanoscience Volume 9 written by Neerish Revaprasadu and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-09-27 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a critical and comprehensive assessment of the most recent research and opinion from across the globe for anyone practising in nano-allied fields or wishing to enter the nano-world.
Download or read book MXenes written by Subhendu Chakroborty and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-08-07 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces MXenes and provides a summary of current discoveries in their synthesis, properties, characterization techniques, and emerging applications in several fields. It explores MXenes' distinctive electrical, mechanical, and biological features, as well as their applications. It discusses the various emerging applications of MXenes in a variety of fields, including regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, separation membranes, photocatalytic hydrogen production, environmental applications, and so forth. Features: Provides comprehensive review of synthesis and application of MXenes in 2D materials Explores greener approaches that reduce the environmental impact and cost of the process Includes frameworks for assessing the balance between the synthesis and applications Discusses an overview of MXenes with a focus on energy, health, and medical applications that can be improved with new encapsulation Reviews the modern spectroscopic instruments that are utilized in sophisticated characterization methods This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in materials engineering, nanomaterials, and 2D materials.
Download or read book Direct Liquid Fuel Cells written by Ramiz Gültekin Akay and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct Liquid Fuel Cells is a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and specificities of the use of methanol, ethanol, glycerol, formic acid and formate, dimethyl ether, borohydride, hydrazine and other promising liquid fuels in fuel cells. Each chapter covers a different liquid fuel-based fuel cell such as: Anode catalysts of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), future system designs and future trends for direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs), development of catalysts for direct glycerol fuel cells (DGFCs), the mechanisms of the reactions taking place at the anode and cathode electrodes, and the reported anode catalysts for direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) and direct formate fuel cell (DFFC), characteristics of direct dimethyl ether fuel cell (DDMEFC), including its electrochemical and operating systems and design, the developments in direct borohydride fuel cells, the development of catalysts for direct hydrazine fuel cells (DHFCs), and also the uncommonly used liquids that have a potential for fuel cell applications including 2-propanol, ethylene glycol, ascorbic acid and ascorbate studied in the literature as well as utilization of some blended fuels. In each part, the most recent literature is reviewed and the state of the art is presented. It also includes examples of practical problems with solutions and a summarized comparison of performance, advantages, and limitations of each type of fuel cell discussed. Direct Liquid Fuel Cells is not a typical textbook but rather designed as a reference book of which any level of students (undergraduate or graduate), instructors, field specialists, industry and general audience, who benefit from current and complete understanding of the many aspects involved in the development and operation of these types of fuel cells, could make use of any chapter when necessary. Presents information on different types of direct liquid fuel cells. Explores information under each section, for specific fuel-based fuel cells in more detail in terms of the materials used. Covers three main sections: direct alcohol, organic fuel-based and inorganic fuel-based fuel cells
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterisation of Platinum based Electrocatalysts and Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Methanol Electro oxidation written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methanol electrochemical oxidation reaction (MOR) catalysts are receiving great interest especially for the application in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Much interest in DMFCs development is focused on portable power applications, because DMFCs can be better miniaturised than other fuel cells. [partial abstract].
Download or read book Nanoscience written by Neerish Revaprasadu and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-09-27 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publications in nanoscience cross conventional boundaries from chemistry to specialised areas of physics and nanomedicine. With such a vast landscape of material, careful distillation of the most important discoveries helps researchers find the key information. This volume provides a critical and comprehensive assessment of the most recent research and opinion from across the globe. Topics covered include single atom catalysts for water splitting, bacteriophages for nanotechnology, preparation of nanomaterials for scanning electrochemical techniques, noise spectroscopy of nanomaterials, and sustainable energy harvesting. Appealing to anyone practising in nano-allied fields or wishing to enter the nano-world, this useful resource provides a succinct reference on recent developments in this area now and looking to the future.
