Download or read book The Effect of Liquid Rumen protected Lysine Supplementation on the Lactation Performance of Holstein Cows written by Richardt Venter and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Liquid Rumen protected Lysine Supplementation on Lactation Performance of Holstein Cows written by Richardt Venter and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirty high-producing multiparous Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized block design to compare a lysine deficient total mixed ration, which was sufficient in methionine, to the same diet supplemented with a rumen protected lysine product. The CPM-Dairy prediction model was used to estimate the nutrient requirements and adequacy or deficiency of amino acids. During the 21-day prepartum transition period, cows were fed 4 kg (dry basis) of the lysine deficient diet plus Eragrostis curvula hay ad lib. After calving, cows were fed the lysine deficient diet for the first three weeks and were then blocked according to the average production from day 19-21. Fifteen cows were allocated to each treatment and blocked into 15 groups of two each. Data on production parameters were analyzed for all cows and also separately for cows in the 10 highest production blocks. The experimental period was from day 22 to 120 postpartum. Lysine supplementation resulted in an optimal dietary lysine : methionine ratio in metabolisable protein of 7.2 : 2.4. Lysine supplementation did not affect dry matter intake, milk production, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, milk urea nitrogen, body weight or body condition score: but decreased the non-casein nitrogen and whey content of milk. Furthermore, milk casein, which is the milk nitrogen fraction most sensitive towards increased duodenal supply of lysine and methionine, was not affected. The rumen protected lysine product evaluated did not improve cow productivity, probably because the product was either unprotected from rumen degradation, or overprotected to the extent that the lysine was not available for absorption in the small intestine: or absorbed but could not be metabolised. Copyright.
Download or read book Seed Proteins written by Peter R. Shewry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seeds provide more than half of the world's intake of dietary protein and energy and thus are of immense economic, cultural and nutritional importance. Proteins can account for up to 40% of the dry weight of various types of seeds, thereby making a large contribution to the nutritional quality and processing properties of seeds. It is, therefore, not surprising that seed proteins were among the first plant components to be systematically studied, some 250 years ago, and have been a major focus of research over the past 100 years. The properties and behaviour of seed proteins pervade modem life in numerous ways. For example, legume and cereal proteins are used'in the production of a wide range of meat-free foods; the process of bread-making is dep~ndent on the physical chemical properties of wheat seed proteins; and in developed, as well as developing, countries, nutritional deficiencies among vegetarian diets are avoided through balancing legume and cereal seeds as sources of dietary proteins. Understanding seed proteins, in order to improve their composition and properties and to increase their concentrations, will thus continue to be an important research objective for the future. The present volume represents the culmination of a long-discussed plan of the editors, to bring together the best international authorities in order to compile a definitive monograph on biological, biochemical, molecular and genetic aspects of seed proteins.
Download or read book Handbook of Lipoprotein Testing written by Nader Rifai and published by Amer. Assoc. for Clinical Chemistry. This book was released on 2000 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Response of Rumen Protected Methionine and Lysine Supplementation on Lactation and Reproductive Performance in Periparturient Dairy Cows written by Amrutkar Suhas Ashokrao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biotechnology in Animal Feeds and Animal Feeding written by R. John Wallace and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the dramatically rising sophistication of biological methods and products and the increasing use of recombinant DNA technology, now is an apt time to review the status of biotechnology in animal feeding. This book gives succinct yet comprehensive coverage of products of biotechnology and allied sciences used in animal feed and feeding industries. Particular emphasis is placed on: - Conservation and upgrading of feeds and feed components - Increasing the protein value of feeds - Antimicrobials - Microbial feed additives - Increasing the energy value of feeds. Moreover, increasing environmental concerns are reflected in chapters describing dietary products which may help to reduce environmental hazards from animal feeding enterprises. A discussion of social and legislative aspects relating to biotechnology and animal feeding rounds off this useful compilation of timely articles.
Download or read book Response of Lactating Holstein Cows to Different Dietary Protein Concentrations and Sources and Rumen protected Methionine and Lysine written by Bernard Guillaume and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supplementation of Rumen protected Forms of Methionine Betaine and Choline to Early Lactation Holstein Cows written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methionine (Met) is frequently the first limiting amino acid or co-limiting with lysine in dairy rations, and Met metabolism is closely linked to that of betaine and choline. Methionine, betaine, and choline are all degraded by microbes in the rumen, so rumen-protected (RP) forms were used to perform two experiments. The objective of these experiments was to investigate the impact of supplementing RP forms of methionine, betaine, and choline to a Met-limited total mixed ration (TMR) on performance, metabolism and ruminal fermentation in early lactation Holstein cows. Experiment 1 utilized 80 lactating Holstein cows from 21 to 91 days in milk (DIM) that were fed a corn silage-based TMR formulated to meet National Research Council (2001) recommendations, except the Met content was limited (42 gD). One of four supplements was blended into the TMR to produce four dietary treatments: 1.) control, 2.) 20 gD RP-Met, 3.) 45 gD RP-betaine, and 4.) 40 gD RP-choline. Calcium salts of fatty acids were used to protect the RP-betaine and RP-choline supplements and were added to the control and RP-Met supplements so that equal amounts of fat were supplied to all treatments. Consequently, dry matter (DM) intake, body weight, and body condition score were not significantly different among treatments (P> 0.2). The treatment by parity interaction tended to be different (P = 0.06) for milk yield with 44.3 kgD produced in multiparous (MP) cows fed RP-choline compared to MP cows fed all other treatments (37.8, 40.0, and 38.7, respectively) while there were no differences among treatments in primiparous cows. Cows fed RP-met or RP-choline had higher milk crude protein yield than cows fed control or RP-betaine (P = 0.02). However, there were no differences in milk fat yield or milk urea nitrogen (P> 0.2). Experiment 2 utilized 4 dual-flow continuous culture fermentors (700 ml) to determine the effects of supplementation of rumen-protected forms.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-09 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Download or read book Progress in Research on Energy and Protein Metabolism written by W.B. Souffrant and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book compiles the scientific content of the International Symposium on Energy & Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, in Rostock-Warnemünde 13th-18th September 2003. Specialists from all over the world working in energy and protein metabolism research were assembled to discuss scientific matters of physiology, nutrition, immunology and genetics. All scientific contributions, presented as oral communications or posters, are published in this book. Additionally to these more than 150 articles and 10 review papers, presented by invited speakers, give an overview of the state of the art in special research areas of energy and protein metabolism. The book presents latest results in topics of energy metabolism such as environmental aspects of energy homeostasis, dietary and genetic aspects as well as tissue, organ and whole body energy metabolism and methodology. Furthermore this compilation also gives insight in current affairs of protein research, i.e. protein metabolism and microbiology in the gastro-intestinal tract and requirements and post-absorptive metabolism of amino acids. Apart from these specific questions other topics concerning genes and nutrition or modelling and regulation of energy and protein status were of common interest. The intention of these proceedings is to disseminate latest perceptions of energy and protein research and with this to attempt the connection of areas in animal and human life sciences."
Download or read book Progress in Dairy Science written by C. J. C. Phillips and published by Cabi. This book was released on 1996 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many advances have recently taken place in dairy science and this book provides timely reviews of a number of such key topics. The subject matter is divided into five sections, covering: nutrition and physiology; breeding and reproduction; health maintenance and control; milking and milk technology; and the environment and ethics. All chapters have been specially commissioned for this volume from international authorities from Europe, North America and Africa. The book represents an important update of the literature for research workers, lecturers, advisers and advanced students in many areas of animal science as well as veterinarians concerned with bovine medicine.
Download or read book Effect of Methionine Supplementation on Productive Performance of Dairy Cattle written by Claudia Leonardi and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rumen protected Lysine in Dairy Cows Bioavailability and Effects written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first trial's objective was assessing bioavailability of an experimental formulation (EEL) for a commercial rumen protected (RP) Lys product (ASL). Abomasal infusion was used to develop a response curve relating bioavailability to plasma Lys concentration. Infusion linearly increased plasma Lys, but did not affect milk production or composition. Feeding ASL or EEL had no consistent effects and EEL bioavailability was not better than ASL. The second experiment was an iteration, with improvements learned from the first trial, aimed at determining ASL bioavailability. Plasma Lys increased with infusion in 7 out of 10 cows. Half of the cows responded to feeding ASL with increased plasma Lys. No effects of treatments, neither in milk yield nor composition, were observed. Estimated bioavailability was 28% by dose-response method and 22% by slope-ratio approach. The third trial tested production effects and N use efficiency of supplementing a low (14.5%) CP diet, containing soybean meal (SBM) and distillers grains (DDGS), with RP Met (RPM) and RP Lys (RPL); a positive control (16.8% CP) was included. High CP diet showed higher intake, milk yield and MUN, but lowest apparent N efficiency. No RPM main effects were observed; however, RPM*RPL interaction for milk yield was significant because RPM increased 1.2 kg milk/d but milk was not altered by RPM+RPL. Feeding RPM, but not RPL, increased milk yield/DMI on low CP diets containing SBM plus DDGS. The fourth trial aimed to determine if RPL supplementation improved nutritive value of RUP from corn protein. Diets contained alfalfa and corn silage; half or all CP from solvent SBM (SSBM) and expeller SBM (ESBM) were replaced by CP from corn (corn gluten meal and DDGS), while keeping RDP, RUP and metabolizable protein approximately constant. One all corn CP diet was RPL supplemented (20 g/d absorbed Lys). Intake was highest on SSBM+ESBM diet, intermediate on blended diet and lowest on the corn diets. Milk, milk protein yield, and feed efficiency were lowest in all corn CP diet without RPL; RPL supplementation increased 1.1 kg milk/d and 50 g protein/d. Dilution of SBM RUP with corn protein did not reduce milk yield.
Download or read book Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrition of Cattle written by Alexander N. Hristov and published by CABI Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions between Cattle and the Environment: a General Introduction; Nitrogen Requirements of Cattle; Nitrogen Metabolism in the RUlDen; Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization in the RUlDen; Whole-anilnal Nitrogen Balance in Cattle Phosphorus Metabolism in the RUlDen; Phosphorus Metabolism in Rwninants and Requirements of Cattle; Etfects ofDietary Phosphorus and Nitrogen on Cattle Reproduction; lnproving the EfficielicY cifNutrient Use on Cattle Operations.
Download or read book Effects of Rumen protected Choline Supplementation Or in Utero Exposure on Metabolism and Performance of Dairy Cows and Calves written by Henry Holdorf and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this dissertation was to improve the understanding of mechanisms behind the positive effects on milk production and health of rumen-protected choline (RPC) supplementation during the transition to lactation period and interrogate whether choline could benefit cattle in other stressful life stages. The objectives of the experiment presented in Chapter II were to 1) determine the impact of increasing dose of prepartum RPC supplementation on milk production and blood biomarkers in multiparous Holstein cows; 2) determine if there are continuous responses across a range of actual prepartum choline ion intakes. There was no benefit to milk production of increasing the prepartum dose of RPC, nor did milk production respond along a continuous range of prepartum choline ion intakes. There was a benefit of supplementing RPC at the current recommended dose (15 g choline ion/d) on energy corrected milk yield, consistent with previous research. This chapter also presented evidence that peripartum RPC supplementation may influence nutrient partitioning through altered insulin function and may improve gastrointestinal function. Chapter III presented the effects of maternal choline supplementation on early life performance of offspring. The objectives of the experiment presented were to 1) determine if increasing dose of late gestation RPC, supplemented to multiparous Holstein cows, would improve growth in calves; and 2) determine if in utero choline exposure alters DNA methylation patterns. In utero choline exposure improved the rate of growth and feed efficiency in female Holstein and male Holstein x Angus calves, while improving only feed efficiency in female Holstein x Angus calves. Consistent with results in adult cows presented in Chapter II, in utero choline exposure may have improved gastrointestinal function in Holstein calves. In utero choline exposure altered global DNA methylation patterns in male Holstein x Angus calves, representing a potential mechanism to explain phenotypic responses. Chapter IV interrogated the effects of supplementing RPC to multiparous Holstein cows under experimental heat stress. The objectives of this experiment were to 1) determine if supplementing RPC to heat stressed cows would improve milk production and 2) determine if supplementation was required prior to and during, or just during the heat stress insult, i.e., supplementation strategy. Either RPC supplementation strategy reduced the respiration response to heat stress compared to CTL. Supplementing RPC before and during heat stress improved milk production prior to and during heat stress while supplementation only during heat stress had no effect on milk yield. Supplementing RPC has the potential to improve performance of cattle in dairy production systems beyond the transition to lactation period. The potential for choline to impact gastrointestinal function should be further interrogated as a mechanism to explain the positive effects on performance.
Download or read book Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Production written by Pierre J. Gerber and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential of nutritional, manure and animal husbandry practices for mitigating methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) - i.e. non-carbon dioxide (CO2) - GHG emissions from livestock production. These practices were categorized into enteric CH4, manure management and animal husbandry mitigation practices. Emphasis was placed on enteric CH4 mitigation practices for ruminant animals (only in vivo studies were considered) and manure mitigation practices for both ruminant and monogastric species. Over 900 references were reviewed; simulation and life cycle assessment analyses were generally excluded
Download or read book NorFor written by Harald Volden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NorFor is a semi-mechanistic feed evaluation system for cattle, which is used by advisors in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This book describes in detail the system and it covers five main sections. The first is concerned with information on feed characteristics, feed analysis and feed digestion methods. The second section describes the digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and the supply and requirement of energy and metabolizable amino acids. The third section considers the prediction of feed intake and physical structure of the diet. The fourth section focuses on model evaluation and the final section provides information on the IT solutions and feed ration formulation by a non-linear economical optimization procedure. This book will be of significant interest to researchers, students and advisors of cattle nutrition and feed evaluation.
