Download or read book The Effect of Large Woody Debris Direct Seeding and Distance from the Forest Edge on Species Composition on Novel Terraces Following Dam Removal on the Elwha River WA written by Sara Cendejas-Zarelli and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The removal of two dams on the Elwha River, Washington, exposed over 300 hectares of reservoir sediments and created primary successional habitats that posed challenges to revegetation efforts. In order to meet Elwha restoration goals, coarse sediment deposits would require revegetation methods aimed at quickly restoring native vegetation while deterring exotic species invasions. I examined the effect of two restoration treatments--large woody debris translocations and native seed enhancements--on plant species composition on novel terraces in the former Lake Mills reservoir four years after dam removal. I sampled vegetation in seeded and unseeded treatment areas with and without large woody debris. I also examined species composition and seed dispersal mechanisms to determine whether distance limited native plant recruitment from the nearby forest edge. I used two-way analysis of variance, NMDS ordinations, and permutational multivariate analysis of variance to determine whether wood placements, seeding treatments, and distance from the forest influenced species composition on novel terraces. My results revealed that Shannon-Weiner diversity, species richness, and percent exotics increased on plots containing wood, compared with surrounding bare sediments, but plant establishment did not substantially increase on wood plots. Plots located in seeded treatment areas had higher species richness and plant abundance, with decreased exotic species recruitment. As distance from the forest edge increased, Shannon-Weiner diversity, species richness, and percent exotics on unseeded plots declined, but plant abundance did not change significantly with distance. In addition, a greater proportion of plants were wind-dispersed at greater distances, while plants dispersed by gravity and ballistic mechanisms were associated with closer distances to the forest edge. This study's results help fill a knowledge gap regarding the efficacy of using translocated large woody debris and direct seeding to restore vegetation in primary successional habitats following dam removal and helps inform best practices regarding the use of these restoration methods at future dam removal projects.
Download or read book Large scale dam removal and ecosystem restoration written by Rebecca McCaffery and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-09-20 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rivers are vital ecosystems that support aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity and several ecosystem services, including food, water, culture, and recreation. After centuries of building dams on rivers across the world, dam removal projects are now on the rise due to obsolescence, reservoir sedimentation, insufficient return on investment, or river restoration and conservation priorities. Most dam removal projects have focused on smaller structures (< 10 m in structural height), but larger structures have also started to be removed in increasing numbers as practitioners, river managers, conservationists, and the public have gained more experience with the practice. Recent estimates suggest that only a small fraction of dam removals have been scientifically studied, and include mostly small dams and short time scales. Documenting the long-term ecological outcomes of large dam removal (i.e. >10 m tall) represents a new frontier in dam removal research: projects are more recent and provide an opportunity to understand the complex ecological changes that occur with these transformative restoration projects. Here, we aim to collate a diverse array of papers on long-term dam removal research projects involving larger dams (>10 m) to synthesize the issues, outcomes, tools, and experimental designs used to study large dam removal projects from physical, biological, and ecological perspectives. With this collection, we aim to showcase diverse global projects on ecosystem responses to large dam removal; collect perspectives from different disciplines, fields, and geographies; and synthesize the current state of knowledge in this area. We expect that this Research Topic will be informative to ongoing, long-term ecological restoration and monitoring projects related to dam removal as well as to upcoming large dam removal projects. We welcome contributions from all disciplines addressing the physical, ecological, and ecosystem responses to large-scale dam removal. Contributions could include original research in a specific discipline or area, case studies, or synthesis papers that address one or more of these topics in a transdisciplinary approach. Contributors could address any of the following major topics as related to outcomes of large dam removal, alone or in combination: Freshwater, estuarine, and marine aquatic biota; River and reservoir geomorphology; Terrestrial and riparian vegetation; Wildlife; Sedimentation; and Modelling. We would like contributors to highlight key results in their area of study, cross-disciplinary insights, and lessons learned that could inform ongoing monitoring and research efforts in current projects as well as upcoming large dam removals.
Download or read book Vegetation Colonization Within Exposed Reservoirs Following Dam Removal on the Elwha River Washington written by Jarrett L. Schuster and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Riparian ecosystems are important for ecological functioning of rivers, and are significantly impacted by dams. With over 50% of large dams in the U.S. beyond their life expectancy, dam removal is increasingly being considered to eliminate aging infrastructure and restore ecosystems. There have been few large dam removals to date, so studies assessing vegetation succession on exposed reservoir sediments are limited. My research aims to assess how environmental factors within exposed reservoirs affect vegetation succession following removal of two dams on the Elwha River, Washington. In addition, I compared patterns of vegetation among the two reservoirs and their landforms. To do this, I sampled 67 100m2 plots in 2013 and 60 100m2 plots in 2014 along 10 transects within Mills and Aldwell Reservoirs. In each plot , I recorded vascular plant species composition and woody species height. I collected and pooled 8 soil samples (20 cm) / plot to assess percent organic matter, nutrients, and percent sand, silt, clay, and conducted a Wolman Pebble Count. I used a structural equation models to show how environmental factors related to hydrology, soil nutrients, and dispersal distance affect species diversity and cover. I compared environmental factors and vegetation responses among the two reservoirs using general linear models. Structural equation models showed that soil nutrient levels, sediment texture, ground cover, and landform were the environmental factors most related to reservoir revegetation patterns. Native species richness and cover, and exotic species cover were highest on valley walls and were positively related to high percent organic matter and % silt, but negatively related to % litter, D50, Mg, and P. In contrast, exotic richness was highest on terrace and riparian landforms with low % litter, Mg, and P and high % organic matter that were furthest away from established forest communities. Sediment nutrient indicator variables organic matter, Mg, and P were co-correlated with other sediment variables and act only as a surrogate for those variables in these models. In total, 147 vascular plant species were sampled in the two reservoirs of which 47 (31%) were exotic. Aldwell reservoir contained higher native and exotic species richness, cover, and woody species growth, and had finer textured sediments, deeper sediment depth to refusal, and higher % litter ground cover than Mills reservoir in 2013, while Mills reservoir had higher % gravel ground cover. By 2014, the only significant difference between reservoirs was woody species height, which was higher in Aldwell reservoir. Native species richness and cover were higher than that of exotic species in both reservoirs; however, exotic species are increasing, particularly along riparian zones within both reservoirs and on the most fertile sites along Aldwell valley walls and terraces. The increase in exotic species occurred despite active management to control them, and should be a concern to Olympic National Park because the reservoirs could become a gateway of exotic species invasion into a relatively protected landscape. Over time, I expect multiple vegetation communities to form within each reservoir associated with landform. Valley walls will likely return to the composition and structure of surrounding upland forests, while riparian zones will likely come to resemble the upstream Elwha River reaches not affected by damming. Terraces, on the other hand, will likely form novel vegetation communities dependent on environmental factors that will differ between the two reservoirs. The results of my study highlight the effect of varying environmental conditions on vegetation recovery rates and can help inform the Elwha River restoration project as well as any future dam removal projects"--Leaves iv-v.
Download or read book Coastal Habitats of the Elwha River Washington written by Jeffrey J. Duda and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Riparian Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.
Download or read book Stream Corridor Restoration written by and published by National Technical Info Svc. This book was released on 1998 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is a cooperative effort among fifteen Federal agencies and partners to produce a common reference on stream corridor restoration. It responds to a growing national and international interest in restoring stream corridors.
Download or read book Seed Rain and Selected Species Germination and Growth Trials written by James T. Michel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The removal of Glines Canyon and Elwha dams from the Elwha River in Olympic National Park, Washington State is scheduled to begin in 2011. This undertaking is among the largest planned dam removals and ecosystem restoration projects in the world. One of the challenges associated with this restoration will be to understand processes influencing revegetation and invasive species colonization on the sediments exposed by dam removal. To help characterize post-dam vegetation succession within the Elwha River floodplain and dewatered reservoirs, we undertook field collections of reservoir sediments and seed rain during summer 2008. We then conducted two greenhouse experiments 1) to identify seed rain germinants upon fine reservoir sediments and 2) to explore effects of reservoir sediment texture on germination and growth of restoration candidate native species and potentially problematic invasive species. Measured summer seed rain was relatively low (/m2) at three sites in the Elwha Valley. This suggests that, in the initial years following dam removal, colonization by seed rain may be slow, although the observed low seed rain density may have been a function of sampling method and timing. In the second seed sowing experiment, nearly all tested species (Artemisia suksdorfii, Rubus parviflorus, Rubus spectabilis and Rubus discolor) exhibited reduced capacity for germination and growth upon post-dam reservoir surfaces, while the invasive species Cirsium arvense was unaffected when compared to present-day river substrate. These results indicate a potential colonization advantage for Cirsium arvense on reservoir sediments in the years following dam removal. Depending on additional factors such as source population sizes, seed production, seed dispersal rates, and competition during establishment, this could allow for a relative increase in Cirsium arvense populations on the new post-dam substrates. These findings have implications for revegetation efforts directed at maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning on floodplain and exposed reservoir surfaces following dam removal.
Download or read book Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St Helens written by Virginia H. Dale and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens caused tragic loss of life and property, but also created a unique opportunity to study a huge disturbance of natural systems and their subsequent responses. This book synthesizes 25 years of ecological research into of volcanic activity, and shows what actually happens when a volcano erupts, what the immediate and long-term dangers are, and how life reasserts itself in the environment.
Download or read book Land Mammals of Oregon written by B. J. Verts and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive, up-to-date treatment of mammals of Oregon since Vernon Bailey's THE MAMMALS AND LIFE ZONES OF OREGON was published in 1936. This new book provides a basic reference to mammalian life in the northwestern U.S., with descriptions of 136 extant or recently extirpated species. 122 color and 36 b&w photos, 140 maps, 150 drawings.
Download or read book River restoration a strategic approach to planning and management written by Speed, Robert and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildlife habitat Relationships in Oregon and Washington written by David H. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides information about the terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats of Oregon and Washington and the wildlife that depend upon them; it also supports broader and more consistent conservation planning, management, and research. The 27 chapters identify 593 wildlife species, define some 300 wildlife terms, profile wildlife communities, review introduced and extirpated species and species at risk, and discuss management approaches. The volume includes color and bandw photographs, maps, diagrams, and illustrations; and the accompanying CD-ROM contains additional wildlife data (60,000 records), maps, and seven matrixes that link wildlife species with their respective habitat types. Johnson is a wildlife biologist, engineer, and habitat scientist; and O'Neill is director of the Northwest Habitat Institute; they worked together on this publication project as its managing directors. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Connectivity Conservation written by Kevin R. Crooks and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-11-02 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the biggest threats to the survival of many plant and animal species is the destruction or fragmentation of their natural habitats. The conservation of landscape connections, where animals, plants, and ecological processes can move freely from one habitat to another, is therefore an essential part of any new conservation or environmental protection plan. In practice, however, maintaining, creating, and protecting connectivity in our increasingly dissected world is a daunting challenge. This fascinating volume provides a synthesis on the current status and literature of connectivity conservation research and implementation. It shows the challenges involved in applying existing knowledge to real-world examples and highlights areas in need of further study. Containing contributions from leading scientists and practitioners, this topical and thought-provoking volume will be essential reading for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners working in conservation biology and natural resource management.
Download or read book Gravel Bed Rivers written by Daizo Tsutsumi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from key researchers across the globe, and edited by internationally recognized leading academics, Gravel-bed Rivers: Processes and Disasters presents the definitive review of current knowledge of gravel-bed rivers. Continuing an established and successful series of scholarly reports, this book consists of the papers presented at the 8th International Gravel-bed Rivers Workshop. Focusing on all the recent progress that has been made in the field, subjects covered include flow, physical modeling, sediment transport theory, techniques and instrumentation, morphodynamics and ecological topics, with special attention given to aspects of disasters relevant to sediment supply and integrated river management. This up-to-date compendium is essential reading for geomorphologists, river engineers and ecologists, river managers, fluvial sedimentologists and advanced students in these fields.
Download or read book Monteverde written by Nalini M. Nadkarni and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-09 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve has captured the worldwide attention of biologists, conservationists, and ecologists and has been the setting for extensive investigation over the past 30 years. Roughly 40,000 ecotourists visit the Cloud Forest each year, and it is often considered the archetypal high-altitude rain forest.This volume brings together some of the most prominent researchers of the region to provide a broad introduction to the biology of the Monteverde, and cloud forests in general. Collecting and synthesizing vital information about the ecosystem and its biota, the book also examines the positive and negative effects of human activity on both the forest and the surrounding communities. Ecologists, tropical biologists, and natural historians will find this volume an indispensable resource, as will all those who are fascinated by the magnificent wonders of the tropical forests.
Download or read book Reservoir Fish Habitat Management written by Leandro Miranda and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book At the Heart of Katmai written by Katherine Johnson Ringsmuth and published by Department of Interior National Park Service. This book was released on 2013 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Society and the Environment written by Michael Carolan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Society and the Environment examines today's environmental controversies within a socio-organizational context. After outlining the contours of 'pragmatic environmentalism', Carolan considers the pressures that exist where ecology and society collide, such as population growth and its associated increased demands for food and energy. He also investigates how various ecological issues, such as climate change, are affecting our very own personal health. Finally, he drills into the social/structural dynamics (including political economy and the international legal system) that create ongoing momentum for environmental ills. This interdisciplinary text features a three-part structure in each chapter that covers 'fast facts' about the issue at hand, examines its wide-ranging implications, and offers balanced consideration of possible real-world solutions. New to this edition are 'Movement Matters' boxes, which showcase grassroots movements that have affected legislation. Discussion questions and key terms enhance the text's usefulness, making Society and the Environment the perfect learning tool for courses on environmental sociology.
