Download or read book The effect of hearing loss on neural processing written by Jonathan E. Peelle and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-06-03 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efficient auditory processing requires the rapid integration of transient sensory inputs. This is exemplified in human speech perception, in which long stretches of a complex acoustic signal are typically processed accurately and essentially in real-time. Spoken language thus presents listeners’ auditory systems with a considerable challenge even when acoustic input is clear. However, auditory processing ability is frequently compromised due to congenital or acquired hearing loss, or altered through background noise or assistive devices such as cochlear implants. How does loss of sensory fidelity impact neural processing, efficiency, and health? How does this ultimately influence behavior? This Research Topic explores the neural consequences of hearing loss, including basic processing carried out in the auditory periphery, computations in subcortical nuclei and primary auditory cortex, and higher-level cognitive processes such as those involved in human speech perception. By pulling together data from a variety of disciplines and perspectives, we gain a more complete picture of the acute and chronic consequences of hearing loss for neural functioning.

Download or read book Hearing Loss written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-12-17 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Americans experience some degree of hearing loss. The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates programs that provide cash disability benefits to people with permanent impairments like hearing loss, if they can show that their impairments meet stringent SSA criteria and their earnings are below an SSA threshold. The National Research Council convened an expert committee at the request of the SSA to study the issues related to disability determination for people with hearing loss. This volume is the product of that study. Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits reviews current knowledge about hearing loss and its measurement and treatment, and provides an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current processes and criteria. It recommends changes to strengthen the disability determination process and ensure its reliability and fairness. The book addresses criteria for selection of pure tone and speech tests, guidelines for test administration, testing of hearing in noise, special issues related to testing children, and the difficulty of predicting work capacity from clinical hearing test results. It should be useful to audiologists, otolaryngologists, disability advocates, and others who are concerned with people who have hearing loss.

Download or read book Neural Correlates of Auditory Processing Following Exposure to an Augmented Acoustic Environment written by Adam Christopher Dziorny and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Each year as many as 3/1000 children are diagnosed with congenital sensorineural hearing loss. Common in these children are delays in grammar comprehension, vocabulary retention and speech development, related to temporal processing abilities. Studies in a mouse model of congenital sensorineural hearing loss suggest that early exposure to an augmented acoustic environment (AAE) limits outer hair cell death and maintains peripheral auditory thresholds. However, there have been no studies on the effects of AAE on neural encoding in the central auditory system. The goal of these experiments is to investigate midbrain auditory processing in a mouse model (the DBA strain) of sensorineural hearing loss, and determine the effects of AAE exposure. It is clear that sound exposure during the early developmental period has profound effects on neural processing in the central auditory system of normal-hearing subjects. Questions remain on the effects of such sound exposure on a model of hearing impairment. In Aim I of this study we presented a novel temporal AAE containing silent gaps embedded in noise bursts to DBA mice and examined the frequency representation, intensity encoding and temporal processing in the auditory midbrain. Mice were exposed to a traditional AAE stimulus, a novel temporal AAE stimulus, or no stimulus from birth to P30. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were recorded to assess peripheral auditory function. To assess the effects on central auditory processing we recorded neural activity from a 16-channel electrode in the inferior colliculus (IC). We confirmed peripheral preservation with AAE exposure, and expanded these results to demonstrate outer hair cell functional preservation. In the midbrain we demonstrated that IC neurons showed decreased thresholds, that high best-frequency units were maintained, tuning sharpness was improved, excitatory drive was increased and most importantly, units displayed shorter neural gap thresholds. Additionally, only mice exposed to our novel temporal AAE demonstrated significantly shortened mean gap threshold at low carrier levels, and in the presence of continuous background noise. To be useful as a therapeutic intervention the effect of onset time on central auditory function must be examined. Additionally, it is not known if the improvements provided by AAE exposure will remain after exposure cessation. In Aim II of this study we asked whether delaying the exposure onset or altering its duration influence the improvements in neural processing noted above. Again DBA mice were exposed to a traditional AAE stimulus or no stimulus from birth to P60. Two additional groups were included, one exposed for 30 days followed by 30 days of no exposure (On/Off), the other not exposed until P30 followed by 30 days of exposure (Off/On). All animals were tested at P60. Again ABRs and DPOAEs were recorded to assess peripheral auditory function, and central auditory processing was measured using a 16-channel electrode in the IC. We determined that the onset time of exposure is of little importance in demonstrating improvements in both peripheral and central auditory system. However, continued exposure is essential to maintain the beneficial effects and limit functional loss. Our results demonstrate that AAE preserves peripheral structure and function and improves central auditory processing, that a targeted temporal AAE can improve neural correlates of temporal processing, and that the timing of AAE is essential in delaying the progression of sensorineural hearing loss. These experiments pave the way for possible therapeutic intervention in children suffering congenital sensorineural hearing loss."--Leaves v-vi.

Download or read book The Auditory Cortex written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.

Download or read book Noise Induced Hearing Loss written by Colleen G. Le Prell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-30 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to loud noise continues to be the largest cause of hearing loss in the adult population. The problem of NIHL impacts a number of disciplines. US standards for permissible noise exposure were originally published in 1968 and remain largely unchanged today. Indeed, permissible noise exposure for US personnel is significantly greater than that allowed in numerous other countries, including for example, Canada, China, Brazil, Mexico, and the European Union. However, there have been a number of discoveries and advances that have increased our understanding of the mechanisms of NIHL. These advances have the potential to impact how NIHL can be prevented and how our noise standards can be made more appropriate.

Download or read book Late Life Depression written by Steven P. Roose and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-07-15 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in an aging world. Illnesses that are prevalent and cause significant morbidity and mortality in older people will consume an increasing share of health care resources. One such illness is depression. This illness has a particularly devastating impact in the elderly because it is often undiagnosed or inadequately treated. Depression not only has a profound impact on quality of life but it is associated with an increased risk of mortality from suicide and vascular disease. In fact for every medical illness studied, e.g. heart disease, diabetes, cancer, individuals who are depressed have a worse prognosis. Research has illuminated the physiological and behavioral effects of depression that accounts for these poor outcomes. The deleterious relationship between depression and other illnesses has changed the concept of late-life depression from a "psychiatric disorder" that is diagnosed and treated by a psychiatrist to a common and serious disorder that is the responsibility of all physicians who care for patients over the age of 60.This is the first volume devoted to the epidemiology, phenomenology, psychobiology, treatment and consequences of late-life depression. Although much has been written about depressive disorders, the focus has been primarily on the illness as experienced in younger adults. The effects of aging on the brain, the physiological and behavioral consequences of recurrent depression, and the impact of other diseases common in the elderly, make late-life depression a distinct entity. There is a compelling need for a separate research program, specialized treatments, and a book dedicated to this disorder. This book will be invaluable to psychiatrists, gerontologists, clinical psychologists, social workers, students, trainees, and others who care for individuals over the age of sixty.

Download or read book Deafness written by Andrej Kral and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-27 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers deafness as a medical condition, exploring the neuronal consequences on the peripheral and the central nervous system as well as on cognition and learning, viewed from the standpoint of genetics, neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, molecular biology, systems neuroscience, and cognitive neuroscience.

Download or read book Perceptual Consequences of Cochlear Damage written by Brian C. J. Moore and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1995-11-16 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, there has been a revolution in our understanding of the physiological role of the cochlea, and the mechanisms of cochlear hearing loss, the most common type of hearing loss in adults. This book is the first book covering this topic and aimed at the student and researcher working in the fields of psychophysics, audiology, and signal processing; the book covers the design of signal processing hearing aids. Readers in the field of auditory rehabilitation and its technology will also find this book very useful.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Auditory Science The Auditory Brain written by David R. Moore and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-01-21 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1: The Ear (edited by Paul Fuchs) Volume 2: The Auditory Brain (edited by Alan Palmer and Adrian Rees) Volume 3: Hearing (edited by Chris Plack) Auditory science is one of the fastest growing areas of biomedical research. There are now around 10,000 researchers in auditory science, and ten times that number working in allied professions. This growth is attributable to several major developments: Research on the inner ear has shown that elaborate systems of mechanical, transduction and neural processes serve to improve sensitivity, sharpen frequency tuning, and modulate response of the ear to sound. Most recently, the molecular machinery underlying these phenomena has been explored and described in detail. The development, maintenance, and repair of the ear are also subjects of contemporary interest at the molecular level, as is the genetics of hearing disorders due to cochlear malfunctions.

Download or read book Hearing Loss Rehabilitation and Higher Order Auditory and Cognitive Processing written by James G. Naples and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-08-17 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Aging Auditory System written by Sandra Gordon-Salant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-03 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together noted scientists who study presbycusis from the perspective of complementary disciplines, for a review of the current state of knowledge on the aging auditory system. Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the top three most common chronic health conditions affecting individuals aged 65 years and older. The high prevalence of age-related hearing loss compels audiologists, otolaryngologists, and auditory neuroscientists alike to understand the neural, genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is needed so that effective prevention, intervention, and rehabilitative strategies can be developed to ameliorate the myriad of behavioral manifestations.

Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Auditory Science Hearing written by David R. Moore and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-01-14 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1: The Ear (edited by Paul Fuchs) Volume 2: The Auditory Brain (edited by Alan Palmer and Adrian Rees) Volume 3: Hearing (edited by Chris Plack) Auditory science is one of the fastest growing areas of biomedical research. There are now around 10,000 researchers in auditory science, and ten times that number working in allied professions. This growth is attributable to several major developments: Research on the inner ear has shown that elaborate systems of mechanical, transduction and neural processes serve to improve sensitivity, sharpen frequency tuning, and modulate response of the ear to sound. Most recently, the molecular machinery underlying these phenomena has been explored and described in detail. The development, maintenance, and repair of the ear are also subjects of contemporary interest at the molecular level, as is the genetics of hearing disorders due to cochlear malfunctions.

Download or read book Impact of Hearing Loss on Aging Processes Current Understanding Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies written by Rodolfo Sardone and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-02 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Binaural Hearing written by Ruth Y. Litovsky and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of Binaural Hearing involves studies of auditory perception, physiology, and modeling, including normal and abnormal aspects of the system. Binaural processes involved in both sound localization and speech unmasking have gained a broader interest and have received growing attention in the published literature. The field has undergone some significant changes. There is now a much richer understanding of the many aspects that comprising binaural processing, its role in development, and in success and limitations of hearing-aid and cochlear-implant users. The goal of this volume is to provide an up-to-date reference on the developments and novel ideas in the field of binaural hearing. The primary readership for the volume is expected to be academic specialists in the diverse fields that connect with psychoacoustics, neuroscience, engineering, psychology, audiology, and cochlear implants. This volume will serve as an important resource by way of introduction to the field, in particular for graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, the faculty who train them and clinicians.

Download or read book Listening with Two Ears New Insights and Perspectives in Binaural Research written by Huiming Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hearing is dependent on neural processing of acoustic cues obtained by the left and right ears. Neural signals driven by the two ears are integrated at multiple levels of the central auditory system, which enables animals including humans to perform various functions including localization of a sound source. A natural listening environment typically contains sounds from multiple sources. These sounds can have different spectral and temporal features and occur at either the same or different time. Integration can happen among neural signals elicited by the same or different sounds. The way of integration can greatly affect how individual sounds are sensed and perceived. Functions such as auditory grouping and stream segregation, which are central to establishing coherent auditory images in a complex listening environment, are highly dependent on the way of integration. Binaural hearing is complicated by individual differences and developmental changes in head and pinna shape/size as binaural cues can be affected by these differences and changes. Furthermore, neural processing of binaural cues can be influenced by hearing impairments and the use of hearing aids and cochlear implants. These factors likely require a listener to optimize the use of binaural cues through learning and to use plastic changes in the nervous system to perform the optimization. Great strides have been made in understanding binaural processing in normal and impaired auditory systems. This Research Topic aims to highlight some of the latest findings in the following areas: 1) Animal behavioral and human psychoacoustical studies of binaural hearing; 2) Neural encoding and processing of binaural cues and structural as well as neurophysiological bases of such encoding and processing; 3) Contribution of binaural neural processing to auditory functions such as sound-source localization, binaural fusion, binaural interference, spatial release from masking, auditory grouping, and auditory stream segregation; 4) Computational models of binaural processing; 5) Learning and plastic changes in binaural processing following hearing loss or alterations of acoustic environment and structural as well as physiological bases of these behavioral changes; 6) Clinical aspects of binaural processing including application of processing strategies, including research on the benefits of bilateral cochlear implantation, and the neural correlates thereof

Download or read book The Frequency Following Response written by Nina Kraus and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will cover a variety of topics, including child language development; hearing loss; listening in noise; statistical learning; poverty; auditory processing disorder; cochlear neuropathy; attention; and aging. It will appeal broadly to auditory scientists—and in fact, any scientist interested in the biology of human communication and learning. The range of the book highlights the interdisciplinary series of questions that are pursued using the auditory frequency-following response and will accordingly attract a wide and diverse readership, while remaining a lasting resource for the field.

Download or read book The Auditory Brain and Age Related Hearing Impairment written by Jos J. Eggermont and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Auditory Brain and Age-Related Hearing Impairment provides an overview of the interaction between age-related hearing impairments and cognitive brain function. This monograph elucidates the techniques used in the connectome and other brain-network studies based on electrophysiological methods. Discussions of the manifestations of age-related hearing impairment, the causes of degradation of sound processing, compensatory changes in the human brain, and rehabilitation and intervention are included. There is currently a surge in content on aging and hearing loss, the benefits of hearing aids and implants, and the correlation between hearing loss, cognitive decline and early onset of dementia. Given the changing demographics, treatment of age-related hearing impairment need not just be bottom-up (i.e., by amplification and/or cochlear implantation), but also top-down by addressing the impact of the changing brain on communication. The role of age-related capacity for audio-visual integration and its role in assisting treatment have only recently been investigated, thus this area needs more attention. Relates the techniques used in the connectome and other brain-network studies to the human auditory-cortex and age-related hearing loss research findings Examines the side effects of age-related hearing impairment and their impact on the quality of life for the elderly Evaluates the importance of multi-modal means in the rehabilitation of the elderly with hearing aids and cochlear implants Discusses the role of neurostimulation and various training procedures to halt, or potentially reverse, cognitive decline in the elderly