Download or read book The Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Expression of Genes Involved in Fat Metabolism in Adipose Tissue of Developing Pigs written by Benjamin McKee Stronach and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism written by Graham C. Burdge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism explores a number of major roles of PUFA in the body, including its role as a component of cell membranes and how it provides substrates for the synthesis of lipid second messengers. Recent studies are unraveling the effect of interactions between diet and endocrine factors and genetic and epigenetic variation on the regulation of PUFA biosynthesis in animals. Together, these recent findings provide novel insights into the impact of differences in PUFA supply on health. This book captures these findings in a manner that marks the state-of-the-art, placing them in the wider context of PUFA metabolism and nutritional science. Users will find a comprehensive discussion on the topic that presents the contributions of leading researchers who combine their knowledge to create a cohesive academic resource for researchers, those involved in production, and health policymakers. Provides a comprehensive view of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism Describes underlying metabolism on lipids that include polyunsaturated fatty acids Includes discussions on recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism
Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
Download or read book Production Absorption and Metabolic Fate of Fatty Acids in Pigs Fed High fiber Diets written by SAYMORE PETROS. NDOU and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the use of agro-industrial co-products has significantly increased in pig diets resulting in increased dietary fiber. It is, however, intriguing that nutrient utilization and performance are depressed if pigs consume nutritionally balanced high-fiber diets that are composed of co-products plus supplementary fat. The first study indicated that addition of soluble fiber from Flaxseed meal (FM) and insoluble fiber from Oat hulls (OH) in pig diets increased intestinal VFA and BA contents but reduced fecal fat digestibility and induced variable effects on the histological characteristics, and composition and function of digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota in gastrointestinal segments. Moreover, soluble fiber from FM depressed growth performance. The second study showed that soluble fiber from FM and insoluble fiber from OH reduced, ileal digested energy, FA digestibility, and absorption, gastrointestinal flows of FA and excretion of BA and both dietary fiber sources induced variable effects on digestibility of DF fractions, hindgut VFA production and fecal flows of unsaturated FA. The third study investigated the interactive effects of DF solubility and lipid type on digestibility of DF and FA, and flows of FA and BA in the ileum, cecum and colon, and VFA production and absorption in the cecum and colon of growing pigs. The production and absorption of VFA and DF fermentability in the cecum and colon was greater in pigs fed soluble fiber from Pectin compared to those fed insoluble fiber from Cellulose, and beef tallow supplementation depressed fermentation compared to corn oil. The interaction between DF solubility and lipid type modulates digestibility of lipids, flows of FA and BA and fermentability of DF fractions but differs for soluble and insoluble fiber, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Lastly, the fourth study revealed that soluble from FM and insoluble fiber from OH increased the VFA uptake, and transportation and induced comparable effects on expressions of mRNA of colonic and hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism. Taken together, soluble and insoluble fiber reduce fatty acids digestibility and induce variable effects on growth performance, intestinal fermentation, histomorphology, expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and gastrointestinal microbiota composition.
Download or read book Effect of Dietary Single Cell Long Chain Polyunsaturated Oils on Neonatal Piglets written by Chueh Chao and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Download or read book Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Fat Deposition Through Dietary Manipulation and Feed Restriction written by Ronique Cleardo Beckford and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that enriching developing adipose tissue in long chain omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) reduces adiposity compared to enrichment in n-6 LCUFA. Sixty Cobb 500 broiler breeders were fed a diet containing either 5% fish oil (FO) or corn oil (CO). After four weeks, fertilized eggs were collected and hatched, and all chicks were fed the same corn oil-based broiler starter diet. At days 7 and 14 post-hatch, chicks in each group were weighed, euthanized and blood, liver, breast, and subcutaneous and abdominal fat samples harvested. Gas or liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to determine the effects of diet on fatty acid profiles of tissue triglyceride, free fatty acid, phospholipid pools and protein expression. RNA sequencing and PCR was used to determine the effect on gene expression. Mixed model ANOVA and least square means were used to identify effects of maternal diet and age*diet interactions on chick phenotypes (SAS v9.4, Cary NC). Differentially expressed genes were determined using the DESeq2 R package. Hen dietary fat source did not significantly affect performance. Phospholipids and total lipids in muscle and adipose tissue of FO-chicks were significantly enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) species relative to CO-chicks, with corresponding reductions in n-6 LCPUFA (p
Download or read book Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression Substrate Oxidation and Meat Quality of Growing finishing Pigs Supplemented with Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Arginine written by Gwang-Woong Go and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We hypothesized that supplementation of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and arginine singly or in combination would increase animal performance and meat quality by decreasing adiposity and increasing lean mass in growing-finishing pigs. Sixteen pigs (80 kg) were assigned to four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design, differing in dietary fatty acid and amino acid composition [control: 2.05% alanine (isonitrogenous control) plus 1% canola oil (lipid control); CLA: 2.05% alanine + 1% CLA; arginine: 1% arginine + 1% canola oil; arginine + CLA: 1% arginine + 1 CLA]. Preliminary tests indicated that up to 2% arginine was acceptable without interfering with lysine absorption. Pigs were allowed to feed free choice until reaching 110 kg. There were no significant differences across treatments in feed intake, weight gain, or feed efficiency. CLA tended to decrease carcass length (P = 0.06), whereas backfat thickness tended to be greater in pigs supplemented with arginine (P = 0.08). Arginine decreased muscle pH at 45 min postmortem (P = 0.001) and tended to increase lightness of muscle at 24 h postmortem (P = 0.07). CLA supplementation increased the concentrations of trans-isomers of 18:1 (P = 0.001) and SFA (P = 0.01) in s.c. and r.p. adipose tissue. CLA supplementation increased palmitate incorporation into total lipids in longissimus muscle (P = 0.01). Glucose oxidation to CO2 in r.p. and s.c. adipose tissue were greater in pigs supplemented with CLA in the absence or presence of arginine (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). The volume of s.c. adipocytes in s.c. and r.p. adipose tissues was greater in pigs supplemented with CLA, arginine, or CLA plus arginine than in control pigs (P = 0.001). Neither CLA nor arginine affected the expression of PGC-1[alpha], AMPK, mTOR, CPT-1A, FAS, or SCD (P> 0.05) in any tissues. We conclude that there was no significant interaction between arginine and CLA. Supplementary CLA or arginine to finishing-growing pigs did not modulate growth performance and did not reduce adiposity. CLA increased intramuscular fat content without deteriorating meat quality traits and increased saturated fatty acids and substrate oxidation in adipose tissues. In the presence of 1% of canola oil or CLA in the diet, arginine has the potential to deteriorate meat quality by reducing early postmortem pH and by increasing carcass fatness.
Download or read book Measuring Behaviour written by Paul Martin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-04-22 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear and concise practical guide to the principles and methods of studies of behaviour.
Download or read book Adipose Tissue Protocols written by Gérard Ailhaud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adipose tissue is recognized to be exquisitely sensitive to hormone action, and is also now recognized as a secretory and endocrine organ required for reproduction and good health. Adipocytes are “smart” cells able within the tissue to communicate with surrounding cells, but also with various organs, particularly via leptin acting on the central nervous system. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) are known to be distinct tissues, whereas the heterogeneity of WAT depots is well est- lished. Unfortunately, excess WAT leads to obesity, which is the most common health problem in industrialized countries. Therefore, from both a scientific and a technical point of view, the time has come to create a survey of adipose tissues and their neglected adipocytes. In Adipose Tissue Protocols, I have attempted to gather together chapters from all areas of adipose tissue research—from in vivo to in vitro studies—and to provide methods covering a wide variety of techniques, including the choice of adipose tissue depot and of morphological techniques for the study of BAT and WAT; the isolation, subcellular fractionation, and transfection of adipocytes where the low density of these cells must be taken into account; assays of nutrient and ion fluxes and the metabolic aspects of nutrient uptake; assays of lipid-related enzymes; biopsies and quantification of lipid-related mRNAs; cultures of adipose precursor cells from WAT and BAT of various species, including human tissue; measurements of adipose secretory products; and assessment of WAT metabolism in vivo.
Download or read book The Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Tissue Fatty Acid Levels of Guinea Pigs written by Lavinia Abedin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating the Effects of Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism and Body Composition in the Neonatal Pig written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential fatty acids (EFA) linoleic acid (LA) and linolenic acid (LN) are necessary for growth and development. Tissues of the central nervous system and the retina depend on the conversion of LA to arachidonic acid (AA) and LN to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Research in human infants has indicated that supplementation of infant formulas with AA and DHA promotes visual and neural development. The objective of the first study was to determine the utilization as well as the safety and efficacy of two sources of LCPUFA. Piglets (n=10/group) had ad libitum access from day 1 to 16 of age to a skim milk-based formula with different fat sources added to provide 50% of the energy. Treatments included: control with no added LCPUFA (CNTL), single cell oil triglyceride (TG), TG with phospholipid and cholesterol added to match phospholipid content in the PL diet (TG+PL), egg phospholipid (PL), and an essential fatty acid deficient group (EFAD). Formulas with LCPUFA provided 0.6% of fatty acids as AA and 0.3% as DHA. Total plasma AA and DHA concentrations (expressed as weight % of total lipid fatty acids) were greater in the TG compared to the CNTL (P0.05), but there were no differences among the TG, TG+PL or PL (P0.2). Apparent dry matter digestibility was 10% greater in the CNTL, TG, and TG+PL compared to the PL (P
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Manipulating Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Oxidation to Reduce Fatness in Broiler Chickens written by Tania Emmanuelle Torchon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compared to rodents, broiler chickens, those reared for meat, are an attractive model for studies of adipose biology, and obesity development in children. The broiler chicken lacks the gene for uncoupling protein 1, the hallmark for brown adipose tissue making them a useful model to study lipid metabolism in white adipocytes. Two studies were performed to investigate if white adipose tissue had the metabolic ability for fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and to investigate the effects of dietary fatty acids on abdominal fat development of young broiler chickens as a model for childhood obesity. In study one, chickens were fasted for three, five, and seven hours. Afterwards, the oxidative flux from the citric acid cycle, and the citrate synthase enzyme activity were measured in white adipose tissue. In study two, young Cobb500 broilers, from age seven to 21 days, were fed isocaloric diets prepared using lard (primarily saturated), corn oil (primarily monounsaturated), flaxseed oil (enriched in alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, n-3)), or fish oil (enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, n-3)), at 8% fat by weight. Physical characteristics, abdominal adipocyte histology, and abdominal adipose tissue gene expression profiles were altered due to dietary fatty acids. Collectively our studies confirm that white adipose tissue has the capacity to increase local FAO by increasing expression of key regulatory enzymes and proteins. Further, by altering the type of fatty acids consumed during childhood, adipose deposition and adipocyte size can be attenuated. These data confirm that FAO can be induced locally in white adipose tissue, dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote reduced adipocyte size, and finally that these data could offer new therapeutic targets to reduce fatness in chickens and children.
Download or read book Free Fatty Acid Receptors written by Graeme Milligan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the important role free fatty acids (FFA) play as potential drug targets. While FFA have long been considered byproducts of cell metabolism, they are now recognized as ligands that regulate cell and tissue function via G-protein-coupled receptors. At least three receptors have been identified for which FFA appear to be the endogenous ligands.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
