Download or read book The Effect of Abomasal Infusion of Histidine and Proline on Milk Composition and Mammary Amino Acid Utilization in High Producing Lactating Dairy Cows written by Megan Wiles Hofherr and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high cost of feed and increasing necessity to reduce nitrogen (N) waste in dairy production systems has driven research in the area of improving milk protein synthesis and overall efficiency of N utilization in lactating dairy cows. One strategy that has been investigated is reducing the total crude protein (CP) level of the diet while supplementing the ration with limiting amino acids (AA) for milk production. However, currently there is not enough information on the effects of increasing absorptive supply of certain individual AA on productive performance and mammary metabolism in high producing lactating dairy cows. Specifically, histidine (His) has been shown to be a limiting amino acid in grass fed lactating dairy cows and to alter fat secretion under certain conditions. In one published study in which the nonessential AA proline (Pro) was infused into the duodenum of two cows, a significant increase in milk protein output and a reduction in arginine (Arg) uptake by the mammary gland were observed. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of abomasal infusion of His and Pro, separately and in combination, on productive performance and mammary amino acid utilization in high producing lactating dairy cows. Four rumen-fistulated Holstein cows (52 [PLUS OR MINUS]16 DIM) with indwelling intercostal arterial catheters were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment. Experimental treatments were continuous abomasal infusion of water (Control), His (H, 10g/d), Pro (P, 20 g/d), and His (10 g/d) + Pro (20 g/d)(H+P), with 7-d treatment periods. Cows were fed a TMR (15.6 % CP, 2.7 Mcals/kg ME) once per day for ad libitum intake, and refusals were measured and analyzed. The CNCPS v6.1 was used to formulate a diet to exceed the metabolizable energy requirement, provide 95% of the predicted metabolizable protein requirement, and supply adequate amounts of all essential amino acids, except Arg. Compared to the Control treatment, abomasal infusion of Pro decreased dry matter intake (DMI) by 1.8 kg/d and improved feed efficiency (P [LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO] 0.05) by 0.16 kg 3.5% FCM per kg dry matter. Fat corrected milk (FCM) yields were not affected by treatment (51.8 kg/d, TRT C; 50.6 kg/d, TRT H; 49.0 kg/d TRT H+P; 52.4 kg/d TRT P). Abomasal infusion of His resulted in no difference in milk yield or composition, and there was no effect of Pro infusion on protein and fat contents and yields. Pro infusion increased lactose percentage (P [LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO] 0.05) but not yield. The lactose response suggests that longer infusions might have resulted in increased milk yield. Mammary blood flow, expressed as L plasma/L milk, was not significantly different among treatments; though, Pro infusion increased blood flow by 14% relative to the control treatment (694.8 vs. 606.8 L plasma/L milk for P and C, respectively). Arterial concentration of His tended to be higher for His infusion than for both water and Pro infusions. The AV differences for all EAA were not affected by AA infusion; however, AV differences for Asp, Cys, Glu, and Cit were numerically lowest for Pro infusion, with no changes for other NEAA. Compared to the Control infusion, His infusion decreased extraction efficiency of His by the mammary gland. Although the P treatment did not significantly affect arterial concentration, AV difference, or extraction rate of Pro or Arg when compared to values for the control, it appears that Pro infusion tended to alter extraction efficiency and mammary uptake of Cit and Val. Results of this experiment suggest that His does not limit milk production or milk protein synthesis in high producing lactating dairy cows fed corn silage based rations. Lactation performance and feed efficiency were not improved by abomasal infusion of His and Pro, simultaneously. Unlike results of other studies, increased absorptive supply of both His and Pro did not increase milk protein synthesis in this experiment. Further, abomasal infusion of Pro did not reduce Arg uptake by the mammary gland, which is not consistent with other experiments in which Pro was infused postruminally in lactating cows and goats. However, this work does suggest that postruminal supplementation of Pro might improve feed efficiency and alter milk fat secretion in high producing dairy cows in early lactation.
Download or read book Abomasal Infusion of Protein and Glucose in Lactating Cows written by Lars Vik-Mo and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Response of Lactating Cows to Abomasal Infusion of Amino Acids written by Charles George Schwab and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Histidine written by Fabio Giallongo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three experiments were conducted (1) to evaluate the effects of supplementing a reduced-protein diet with a ruminally available source of N and rumen-protected (RP) limiting AA on performance of lactating cows; (2) to determine the specific effects of His supplementation on lactation performance of dairy cows fed a reduced-protein diet; and (3) to investigate the effects of feeding a His-deficient diet on lactational performance and the endogenous His-reserves of dairy cows. The objective for the first study was to investigate the effects of slow-release urea and rumen-protected Met (RPMet) and rumen-protected His (RPHis) supplementation of a reduced-protein diet [deficient in metabolizable protein (MP), according to the National Research Council (NRC, 2001)] on lactation performance of dairy cows. We hypothesized that slow-release urea supplementation would alleviate the previously observed negative effect of lower ruminal N availability on total-tract fiber digestibility. We also hypothesized that supplementation of RPMet and specifically RPHis may increase dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, and milk protein yield (MPY). Sixty lactating Holstein cows were used in a 10-wk randomized complete block-design trial. Cows were fed a covariate diet for 2 wk (i.e., baseline period during which all cows are fed the same diet) and then assigned to one of the following treatments: MP-adequate diet (AMP), MP-deficient diet (DMP), DMP supplemented with slow-release urea (DMPU), DMPU supplemented with RPMet (DMPUM), and DMPUM supplemented with RPHis (DMPUMH). The DMP diet did not affect DMI, yields of milk, and milk components, despite a reduction in nutrient digestibility, compared to AMP. Urinary N and urea-N excretions were decreased by DMP, compared to AMP. Cows fed DMP had higher plasma concentration of 3-methylhistidine and gained less body weight (BW) compared to AMP and cows fed DMPU, DMPUM, and DMPUMH. Addition of slow-release urea to the DMP diet increased urinary urea-N excretion. Supplementation of RPMet increased plasma Met concentration but had no effect on milk production or composition. The DMPUMH increased DMI, milk true protein concentration and yield, and decreased milk fat concentration, compared to DMPUM. These results were in line with a previous study from A. N. Hristovs laboratory and suggested that His may have a positive effect on feed intake and milk production and composition in dairy cows fed MP-deficient diets.The objective of the second experiment was to evaluate the effects of supplementing a reduced-protein diet [deficient in MP, based on NRC (2001)] with RPMet, rumen-protected Lys (RPLys), and RPHis, individually or combined, on the performance of lactating dairy cows. We hypothesized that supplementation of (1) RPHis may improve DMI, milk yield, and MPY; (2) RPMet, RPLys, or both may increase milk protein content and MPY; and (3) a combination of the 3 RPAA (Met, Lys, His) may further increase milk yield and MPY. The experiment was a 9-wk randomized complete block design with 72 Holstein cows. Following a 2-wk covariate period, cows were assigned to 1 of the following 6 treatments: MP-adequate diet (MPA), MP-deficient diet (MPD), MPD supplemented with RPMet (MPDM); (4) MPD supplemented with RPLys (MPDL); (5) MPD supplemented with RPHis (MPDH); and (6) MPD supplemented with RPMet, RPLys, and RPHis (MPDMLH). The MPD diet decreased DMI, yields of milk and milk components (fat, protein, lactose), energy-corrected milk (ECM), and feed efficiency, compared to MPA. Cows fed MPD had lower milk and plasma urea N and higher milk N efficiency compared to cows fed MPA. Supplementation of MPD with RPLys increased milk protein content. Addition of RPHis increased DMI and milk protein concentration. Supplementation of the 3 RPAA increased yields of milk fat, protein, and ECM and ECM feed efficiency. Cows fed MPD had lower blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration than cows fed MPA. Overall, data from this study confirmed our previous findings and suggested that His stimulates DMI and the combination of the 3 RPAA (Met, Lys, and His) has the potential to improve milk and milk component yields in dairy cows fed MP-deficient diets.The objective of the third experiment was to investigate the effects of feeding a His-deficient diet on lactational performance and the endogenous His-reserves of dairy cows. We hypothesized that feeding a His-deficient diet may decrease DMI, yields of milk and/or milk components, BW gain, N efficiency, and the endogenous His-reserves (i.e., blood Hb and muscle His-dipeptides). Supplementation of the His-deficient diet with RPHis may alleviate these effects in dairy cows. The study was a 10-wk randomized complete block design with 24 Holstein cows. After a 2-wk covariate period, cows were assigned to a His-adequate diet (HAD) and His-deficient diet (HDD). At the end of the 10-wk experiment, HDD was supplemented with RPHis for an additional 9 d. The HDD diet decreased DMI, yields of milk, protein and lactose, ECM, and milk and plasma urea N, compared to HAD. Total-tract apparent digestibility of dry and organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber, and excretion of urinary N and urea N were decreased by HDD, compared to HAD. Concentrations of muscle His, plasma His and blood Hb were decreased by HDD compared to HAD, suggesting a supply of His from the endogenous reserves. The 9-d supplementation of HDD with RPHis increased DMI and ECM yield, compared to HDD. These results confirmed the findings of the two previous experiments that low dietary His supply impair DMI and yields of milk and milk protein in dairy cows. Supplementation of such diets with RPHis has the potential to reverse these effects.
Download or read book Ruminal Splanchnic and Mammary Metabolism of Amino Acids in Dairy Cattle written by Alex Bach Ariza and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Designing Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
Download or read book Forage Evaluation in Ruminant Nutrition written by D. I. Givens and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000-05-25 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current pressures to maximise the use of forages in ruminant diets have renewed interest in fast, inexpensive methods for the estimation of their nutritional value. As a result, a wide variety of biological and physiochemical procedures have recently been investigated for this purpose.This book is the single definitive reference volume on the current status of research in this areaCovers all forages eaten by ruminant animals
Download or read book Histidine for Lactating Dairy Cows written by Susanna Raeisaenen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this dissertation was to investigate effects of histidine (His) supplementation in the form of rumen-protected His (RPHis) on lactational performance and plasma His concentrations in lactating dairy cows with deficient or adequate dietary protein supply. The first experiment aimed at testing an in vivo method to estimate the bioavailability of rumen-protected amino acid (RPAA) products. Eight lactating cows were fed in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin Square experiment with a total of 9 RPAA products (2 RPHis, 4 RPMet and 3 RPLys) combined into 4 treatments; HisALysAMetA, HisBLysBMetB, LysCMetC, LysCMetD, and top-dressed on the TMR at morning feeding. Total collections of feces were performed during the last three days of each experimental period. Bioavailability of RPAA was calculated based on estimated rumen escape of RPAA and measured fecal excretion of undigested free AA from RPAA. The tested method was able to reveal differences in rumen escape and bioavailability of various RPAA products and has a potential to be used in estimation of bioavailability of RPAA. The aim of the second experiment was to determine the effect of incremental doses of digestible (dHis) on lactational performance and plasma AA concentration in lactating dairy cows fed metabolizable protein (MP) adequate basal diets. Sixteen mid-lactation cows were fed in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin Square design experiment. The 4 treatments were (1) control, total mixed ration (TMR) with 1.8% dHis of MP (TMR1; dHis1.8), (2) a different TMR with 2.2% dHis (TMR2; dHis2.2), (3) TMR2 supplemented with rumen-protected His (RPHis) to supply 2.6% dHis (dHis2.6), and (4) TMR2 supplemented with RPHis to supply 3.0% dHis of MP (dHis3.0). Overall, dry matter intake (DMI), milk true protein concentration and yield were not affected by dHis supply, but milk fat and energy-corrected milk (ECM) yields were optimized at dHis supply of 69 g/d or 2.6% of MP. The third experiment was similar to the second experiment, except a MP-deficient basal diet was fed, and aimed to determine the effect of incremental doses of digestible (dHis) on lactational performance and plasma AA concentration in lactating dairy cows fed a metabolizable protein (MP) deficient basal diet. Twenty mid-lactation cows were fed in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin Square design experiment with the following treatments: a control diet supplying 1.8% dHis of MP, or 37 g/d (dHis1.8) and the control diet supplemented RPHis to provide 2.2, 2.6, or 3.0%, dHis of MP, or 53, 63 and 74 g/d (dHis2.2, dHis2.6, and dHis3.0, respectively). In the conditions of this experiment, RPHis supplementation increased milk yield linearly up to a dHis supply of 63 g/d (or 2.6% dHis of MP) and increased feed efficiency, energy-corrected milk yield and milk true protein yield linearly up to a dHis supply of 74 g/d (or 3.0% dHis of MP). The fourth and last experiment investigated the effect of 2 dietary levels of dHis and MP on lactational performance and plasma and muscle concentrations of AA in dairy cows. This was a 12-week randomized block design experiment with 48 cows, 12 cows on each of 4 treatments. The experiment had a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments that were, as estimated based on NRC (2001): (1) MP-adequate diet (MPA) with 2.1% dHis of MP (dHis2.1), (2) MPA with 3.0% dHis (dHis3.0), (3) MP-deficient diet (MPD) with 2.1% dHis (dHis2.1), and (4) MPD with 3.0% dHis (dHis3.0). Actual dHis supply was estimated at 65, 96, 56 and 86 g/d, respectively. Diets supplied MP at 110% (MPA) and 96% (MPD) of NRC (2001) requirements calculated based on DMI and production data during the experiment. Cows fed the diet supplying MP at 110% of NRC (2001) requirements tended to have increased ECM yield and similar milk protein yield to cows fed a diet supplying MP at 96% of requirements. Supplying dHis at 3.0% of MP (or 86 and 96 g/d, for MPD3.0 and MPA3.0, respectively) tended to increase milk yield (MY) and increased plasma and muscle concentrations of His but had minor or no effects on other production variables in dairy cows. Overall results from these experiments confirmed earlier findings of His being especially limiting when dietary protein supply of rumen-undegradable protein is low, and that the efficiency of utilization of MP and AA increase with decreasing supply. The dose response experiments revealed that dHis requirements in lactating dairy cows are greater than previously suggested and vary depending on the dietary MP supply. Measurements of muscle and plasma concentrations of His and dipeptides indicated that some endogenous His was mobilized and partly masked dietary His-deficiency. Overall, His can become deficient when dHis is fed below 60 g/d, regardless of MP-supply. In addition, when dairy cows are fed MP-deficient (according to NRC 2001) diets, dHis supply up to 74 g/d enhance the lactational performance.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-09 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Download or read book NorFor written by Harald Volden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NorFor is a semi-mechanistic feed evaluation system for cattle, which is used by advisors in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This book describes in detail the system and it covers five main sections. The first is concerned with information on feed characteristics, feed analysis and feed digestion methods. The second section describes the digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and the supply and requirement of energy and metabolizable amino acids. The third section considers the prediction of feed intake and physical structure of the diet. The fourth section focuses on model evaluation and the final section provides information on the IT solutions and feed ration formulation by a non-linear economical optimization procedure. This book will be of significant interest to researchers, students and advisors of cattle nutrition and feed evaluation.
Download or read book Bovine Medicine written by Anthony H. Andrews and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 1233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine Medicine provides practical and comprehensive information oncattle disease and production and is a key reference for all largeanimal vets. Since the first edition was published in 1991 therehave been significant improvements in disease control andmanagement of cattle. Almost all parts of the book have beenupdated and completely rewritten. There are new chapters onsurgery, embryo transfer, artificial insemination, ethno-veterinarymedicine and biosecurity, and a new consolidating chapter on theinteraction between the animal, environment, management anddisease. The previous edition has sold all over the world, and as aresult of this a greater emphasis has been placed on conditions andtheir treatment in areas other than temperate regions. A newsection entitled "Global Variation in Cattle Practice" has beenincluded with contributors discussing bovine medicine practice intheir part of the world. All in all this is an outstanding resource for any practisingvet and an excellent reference for veterinary students.
Download or read book Rational Livestock Nutrition in Rural Areas written by Maja Słupczyńska and published by Tudás Alapítvány. This book was released on 2020-01-15 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Livestock nutrition is one of the most important issue in animal production both in physiological-economic terms as well as the impact of livestock on the environment. The handbook „Rational livestock nutrition in rural areas” has been funded with support from the European Commission under Erasmus + programme – Cooperation for innovation and good practice. The book has been developed by experts in various fields of agriculture – animal nutrition and feed science, animal husbandry, agronomy and veterinary medicine. The authors of this book, originating from five different countries – Poland, Turkey, Romania, Italy and Hungary by working within the framework of the established Strategic Partnership – Vocational Education and Training have developed a comprehensive compendium aimed at transfer of knowledge, good practice and innovation in the field of agriculture with emphasis on rational nutrition of livestock. The book covers five broad issues of livestock nutrition. Chapter one – „Physiology of Nutrition”, is related to the anatomy and functions of particular organs of the farm animals’ digestive tracts, type of nutrients found in the livestock diets, as well digestion, absorption and metabolism of these compounds. An extensive characteristics of most common used in animal nutrition feeds, their processing, feed additives as well as the mechanism of their action are presented in the second chapter – „Feed and Feed Additives”. The chapter number three – „Animal Feeding Systems in Europe” in a synthetic way explains the fundamentals of commonly used feeding systems of ruminants, pigs, poultry, horses and rabbits. This chapter also provides several schemes of daily rations/concentrate mixtures formulation for various farm animal species. An extensive chapter number four is dedicated to animal welfare as well etiology, treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases in animals that livestock breeders are struggling every day. Last but not least, the fifth chapter raises issues related to livestock production in terms of environmental and legal conditions under the common agricultural policy of member countries. The possibilities of reducing the negative impact of livestock production on the environment, so called „good practices” are discussed in this chapter. The book “Rational Livestock Nutrition in Rural Areas” is intended for people involved in animal production – mainly farmers but it can also be used by agricultural and nutritional consultants, zootechnical service workers. Students of vocational agricultural schools and, to some extent, students of natural and agricultural universities may benefit this book as well.
Download or read book Tables of Composition and Nutritional Value of Feed Materials written by Institut national de la recherche agronomique (France) and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hormonal Control of Lactation written by A. T. Cowie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on the hormonal control oflactation - the subject of this monograph - has long been the major interest of this laboratory. Studies were initiated in the mid 1930s by the late Professor S. 1. Folley, FRS, who directed the work with immense enthusiasm and devotion until his untimely death in 1970. This fruitful area of basic and applied research has, in recent years, attracted widespread attention; there have been many exciting events and developments with a dramatic increase in the number of publications. These events are diverse and include the identification, isolation and sequencing of human prolactin; the identification and isolation of placentallactogens in several ruminant species with recognition of their importance in mammary growth and differentiation; the introduction of highly sensitive bioassay, radioimmuno- and radioreceptor-assay techniques for mammotrophic hormones; the growing clinical appreciation of the immunological and nutritional importance of colostrum and milk to the newborn; the intensification of studies on normal mammogenesis to establish a sound basis for studies on mammary cancer; and the exploitation of the mammary gland, with its characteristic differentiation patterns and multiple synthetic abilities, as a valuable tissue for the investigation of basic mechanisms involved in the synthesis under hormonal control of enzymes and secretory proteins; and for the study of hormone - receptor interactions.
Download or read book Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health written by Guoyao Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amino acids (AAs) are not only building blocks of protein, but are also signalling molecules as well as regulators of gene expression and the protein phosphorylation cascade. Additionally, AAs are key precursors for syntheses of hormones and low-molecular weight nitrogenous substances with each having enormous biological importance. For example, physiological concentrations of AA metabolites (e.g., nitric oxide, polyamines, glutathione, taurine, thyroid hormones, and serotonin) are required for cell functions. Growing evidence shows that humans and animals have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs. Mammals, birds and fish also have species- and age-dependent needs for some AA-related substances. However, elevated levels of other products (e.g., ammonia, homocysteine, H2S, and asymmetric dimethylarginine) are pathogenic factors for neurological disorders, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, optimal amounts of AAs and their ratios in diets and circulation are crucial for whole body homeostasis and health. Adequate provision of one or a mixture of functional AAs or metabolites may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle (e.g., fetal growth restriction, neonatal morbidity and mortality, weaning-associated intestinal dysfunction and wasting syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility). Dietary supplementation of these nutrients can also optimize the efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, and athletic performance, while preventing excess fat deposition and reducing adiposity. Therefore, functional AAs hold great promise in improving the growth, health and well-being of individuals. Chapter 7 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Biotechnology in Animal Feeds and Animal Feeding written by R. John Wallace and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the dramatically rising sophistication of biological methods and products and the increasing use of recombinant DNA technology, now is an apt time to review the status of biotechnology in animal feeding. This book gives succinct yet comprehensive coverage of products of biotechnology and allied sciences used in animal feed and feeding industries. Particular emphasis is placed on: - Conservation and upgrading of feeds and feed components - Increasing the protein value of feeds - Antimicrobials - Microbial feed additives - Increasing the energy value of feeds. Moreover, increasing environmental concerns are reflected in chapters describing dietary products which may help to reduce environmental hazards from animal feeding enterprises. A discussion of social and legislative aspects relating to biotechnology and animal feeding rounds off this useful compilation of timely articles.
Download or read book Principles of Animal Nutrition written by Guoyao Wu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animals are biological transformers of dietary matter and energy to produce high-quality foods and wools for human consumption and use. Mammals, birds, fish, and shrimp require nutrients to survive, grow, develop, and reproduce. As an interesting, dynamic, and challenging discipline in biological sciences, animal nutrition spans an immense range from chemistry, biochemistry, anatomy and physiology to reproduction, immunology, pathology, and cell biology. Thus, nutrition is a foundational subject in livestock, poultry and fish production, as well as the rearing and health of companion animals. This book entitled Principles of Animal Nutrition consists of 13 chapters. Recent advances in biochemistry, physiology and anatomy provide the foundation to understand how nutrients are utilized by ruminants and non-ruminants. The text begins with an overview of the physiological and biochemical bases of animal nutrition, followed by a detailed description of chemical properties of carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and amino acids. It advances to the coverage of the digestion, absorption, transport, and metabolism of macronutrients, energy, vitamins, and minerals in animals. To integrate the basic knowledge of nutrition with practical animal feeding, the book continues with discussion on nutritional requirements of animals for maintenance and production, as well as the regulation of food intake by animals. Finally, the book closes with feed additives, including those used to enhance animal growth and survival, improve feed efficiency for protein production, and replace feed antibiotics. While the classical and modern concepts of animal nutrition are emphasized throughout the book, every effort has been made to include the most recent progress in this ever-expanding field, so that readers in various biological disciplines can integrate biochemistry and physiology with nutrition, health, and disease in mammals, birds, and other animal species (e.g., fish and shrimp). All chapters clearly provide the essential literature related to the principles of animal nutrition, which should be useful for academic researchers, practitioners, beginners, and government policy makers. This book is an excellent reference for professionals and a comprehensive textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students in animal science, biochemistry, biomedicine, biology, food science, nutrition, veterinary medicine, and related fields.
