Download or read book The Economics of Market Disequilibrium written by Jean-Pascal Bénassy and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microeconomics; Market equilibrium and disequilib rium; Disequilibrium trading and quantity signals; Effective demand: A first approach; Effective demand and spillover effects; Price making; Non-Walrasian equilibrium concepts; The general framework; Fixprice equilibria; Expectations and temporary fixprice equilibria; Temporary equilibria with price makers; Efficiency; Macroeconomics; A model of unemployment; Unemployment and expectations; A model of unemployment with flexible price; A model of inflation.
Download or read book How Markets Work written by Israel M. Kirzner and published by . This book was released on 2012-02-16 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mainstream neo-classical economics focuses on already attained states of equilibrium. It is silent about the processes of adjustment to equilibrium; Human action consists of 'grappling with an essentially unknown future', not being confronted with clearly specified objectives, known resources and defined courses of action as mainstream theory assumes; Critics of the market economy find ammunition in neo-classical theory: they 'merely need to tick off the respects in which real world capitalism departs from the requirements for perfectly competitive optimality'; The theory of entrepreneurial discovery allows economists to escape from the 'analytical box' in which 'choice' simply consists of computing a solution implicit in given data; An entrepreneurial act of discovery consists in 'realising the existence of market value that has hitherto been overlooked'. Scope for entrepreneurial discovery occurs in a world of disequilibrium -- which is quite different from the equilibrium world of mainstream economics where market outcomes are foreordained; Entrepreneurial discovery explains why one price tends to prevail in a market. Though new causes of price differences continually appear, entrepreneurs exploit the resulting profit opportunities and produce a tendency towards a single price; Only with the introduction of entrepreneurship is it possible to appreciate how markets work. Without entrepreneurship, there would be no market co-ordination; So-called 'imperfections' of competition are often 'crucial elements in the market process of discovery and correction of earlier entrepreneurial errors'; Advertising expenditures, for example, are means of alerting consumers to 'what they do not know that they do not know'. Anti-trust laws may hamper market processes and prevent competitive entry to markets; so. Entrepreneurial profit, far from generating injustice, is a 'created gain'. It is not `sliced from a pre-existing pie ... it is a portion which has been created in the very act of grasping it'.
Download or read book How Markets Work written by Israel M. Kirzner and published by IEA Hobart Paper. This book was released on 1997 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last hundred years or so, the neo-classical school has come to dominate microeconomic thinking. Economists concerned with competition have taken refuge in increasingly complex models which emphasize the end-state of competitive equilibrium. This paper presents, in non-technical terms, an 'Austrian' view of how a market economy works. The writer of this book follows in the Austrian tradition as he tries to crystallize the theory of entrepreneurial discovery and of its implications for economic understanding and policy.
Download or read book Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in Economic Theory written by G. Schwödiauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the result of a conference held at the Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna. There is still a gap reflected both in fundamental meth odological differences and in the style of analysis between the Walrasian (and Edgeworthian) tradition of general equilibrium theory and the theo retical and policy problems raised in the framework of Keynesian and post-Keynesian macroeconomics. The conference succeeded in bringing together economic theorists working in fields ranging from abstract prob lems of mathematical equilibrium analysis to applied macroeconomic theory, and it is hoped that the present volume will contribute to bridging the above-mentioned hiatus. As organizer of the meeting and editor of its proceedings I want to thank the Institute for Advanced Studies for providing facilities and funds. I am also sincerely grateful to all my colleagues from the Institute for their generous help, in particular to Mrs Monika Herkner without whose assistance and organizational talent the conference would certainly not have been the success it in fact - in the opinion of all participants - turned out to have been. Furthermore, I wish to express my gratitude towards all participants in the meeting and contributors to the volume whose patient support of the whole enterprise proved indispensable. To Mrs Elfriede Auracher I am deeply indebted for her skillful and effective general management of the editorial work and her invaluable assistance in compiling the indexes.
Download or read book The Market written by Sydney N. Afriat and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-05-23 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This punchy book unites mainline mathematical economics and sometimes idiosyncratic political economy. Freshness is brought to the market concept giving general equilibrium theory a new lease of life, and an opening of thought on such matters as free trade, globalization and the environment. Where most theories of general equilibrium have been based on utility maximizing traders, Afriat here maintains the view that the topic essentially is concerned with aggregates and that anything to do with utility is at best secondary if not spurious. The book goes on to discuss political economy, in particular the idea of 'optimum', and its abuses, especially in doctrine related to the market. This novel book will be of equal appeal to mathematical thinkers, those interested in the theory of market and political economists.
Download or read book Disequilibrium Economics written by Joost Van Doorn and published by London : Macmillan Press. This book was released on 1975 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Textbook on disequilibrium economics - covers macroeconomics and microeconomics, neo-classical economic theory, stabilization policy, etc. Bibliography pp. 91 to 96, graphs and references.
Download or read book Transforming Modern Macroeconomics written by Roger E. Backhouse and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1950s, macroeconomics has been transformed. This book is about one of the most important aspects of that transformation: the attempt, through the end of the twenty-first century and beyond, to construct macroeconomic models rigorously derived from models of individual firms and households.
Download or read book Models of Disequilibrium and Shortage in Centrally Planned Economies written by C.M. Davis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The centrally planned economies (CPEs) of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have experienced severe imbalances in domestic and external markets over the past several decades. As a result, they have been chronically afflicted by problems such as excess demand, repressed inflation, deficits of commodities, queues, waiting lists, and forced savings. Economists have responded to these phenomena by developing appropriate theoretical and empirical models of CPEs. Of particular note have been the pioneering studies of Richard Portes on disequilibrium econometric models and Janos Kornai on the shortage economy. Each approach has attracted followers who have produced numerous, innovative macro- and microeconomic models of Poland, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, and the USSR. These models have proved to be of considerable value in the analysis of the causes, consequences and remedies of disequilibrium phenomena. Inevitably, the new research has also generated controversies both between and within the schools of shortage and disequilibrium modelling, concerning the fundamental nature of the socialist economy, theoretical concepts and definitions, the specification of models, estimation techniques, interpretation of empirical findings, and policy recommend ations. Furthermore, the research effort has been energetic but incomplete, so many gaps exist in the field.
Download or read book Market Structure and Equilibrium written by Heinrich von Stackelberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-10 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his book „Marktform und Gleichgewicht“, published initially in 1934, Heinrich von Stackelberg presented his groundbreaking leadership model of firm competition. In a work of great originality and richness, he described and analyzed a market situation in which the leader firm moves first and the follower firms then move sequentially. This game-theoretic model, now widely known as Stackelberg competition, has had tremendous impact on the theory of the firm and economic analysis in general, and has been applied to study decision-making in various fields of business. As the first translation of von Stackelberg’s book into English, this volume makes his classic work available in its original form to an English-speaking audience for the very first time.
Download or read book Open Economy Macrodynamics written by Toichiro Asada and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-10 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first part of this book, we treat interacting and small open economies. We do this from an historical perspective, starting from the Classical model of the gold standard and the specie-flow mechanism and aim to show there that the Dornbusch IS-LM-PC approach, with or without rational expectations, can still be considered as a (if not the) core contribution to contemporaneous open economy macrodynamics, also on the level of structural macroeconometric model building. In the second part we then extend this analysis to the incorporation of more disequilibrium on the real markets, prominent further feedback channels of the macrodynamic literature and integrated macromodel building. We start from the closed economy, consider large open economies in a fixed exchange rate system, small open economies subject to high capital mobility, and finally two large interacting economies like the USA and Euroland. Our macrofounded approach extends and integrates non-market clearing traditions to macrodynamics and can be usefully compared with the New Keynesian approaches which are generally rigorously microfounded, but often much more limited in scope in capturing full market and agent interactions.
Download or read book Disequilibrium Sports Economics written by Wladimir Andreff and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-25 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, sports economics has been set within the framework of equilibrium economics, in particular when modelling team sport leagues. Based on a conviction that this does not reflect real life, this book addresses a gap in the literature and opens up a new research area by applying concepts drawn from disequilibrium economics. It is divided into two parts, the first of which focuses on economic disequilibrium in sports markets and competitive imbalance in sporting contests. The second part concentrates on soft budget constraints and their consequences for club governance and management.
Download or read book Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in Economic Theory written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disequilibrium Trade Theories written by M. Itoh and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two of Japan's leading economists - Motoshige Itoh and Takashi Negishi - look at trade models in a disequilibrium context.
Download or read book The Disequilibrium Model in a Controlled Economy written by David H. Howard and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disequilibrium Growth Theory written by Charles van Marrewijk and published by Ashgate Publishing. This book was released on 1993 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Static disequilibrium economic theory fails to analyse the dynamic effects of market disequilibrium, whereas standard growth theory always assumes markets to be in equilibrium. Both shortcomings can be overcome by disequilibrium growth theory. A problem arises, however, because different short term disequilibrium regimes give rise to differential equations. The dynamic analysis, therefore, has to take into consideration the possibility of regime switching. Various solutions have been put forward for this problem, but they generally do not give unique solutions. The method developed by Filippov gives a unique solution that coincides with the classical solution to differential equations in the interior of the regimes. This approach has been used in several papers in the past decade. This book seeks to fill the gap in the literature on what has been achieved so far.
Download or read book Economics without Equilibrium written by Nicholas Kaldor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains lectures delivered at Yale University in October, 1983, in memory of Arthur M. Okun, showing how Lord Kaldor relates his own views of economic process to those of Okun, particularly the theory of markets set in Okun's magnum opus, Prices and Quantities, posthumously published.
Download or read book Disequilibrium Growth and Labor Market Dynamics written by Carl Chiarella and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book on disequilibrium, growth and labor market dynamics we take predominantly a macroeconomic perspective. We present a working model that can easily be varied in different directions in order to subsume innovations in the literature on macroeconomics, old and new, and to contribute to important currently discussed macroeconomic issues. Our working model is set up in a way that there is a close relationship between our presented dynamic models and modern macro econometric models with disequilibrium both in the labor and the goods markets. One of our objectives is, therefore, to narrow the gap between theoretical and applied structural macrodynamic model building. We hope that the book will be a useful reference for all researchers, academic teachers and practitioners of macroeconomic and macro econometric model building who are interested in economic dynamics, independently of whether they use equilibrium or disequilibrium methods in their own research. We base this hope on the fact that our approach contains a number of unique features. The emphasis on the identification and analysis of the basic feedback mechanisms at work in modern macro economies. A detailed study of the partial as well as integrated dynamic interaction between these feedback mechanisms that consti tute the interdependence of markets and sectors of the modern macro economy. The rela tionship between the macroeconomic framework of our working model and the Walrasian, Non-Walrasian and New-Keynesian reformulations of macroeconomics.
